Gyandhara International Academic Publication (GIAP): Journals
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IMPACT OF DIETARY HABITS ON HEALTH STATUS OF COLLEGE GOING STUDENTS IN PUNJAB
No full textPurpose of the study: The core objective of this study was to analyze the effect of dietary habits on the health status of college-going students.
Methodology: Two districts of Punjab were selected randomly namely Faisalabad and Rahim Yar Khan. Two public sector colleges were selected purposively from each district i.e. one male and one female keeping in mind low strength and high strength were selected. The population of these colleges was 5372 while the sample size was 189. A well-structured questionnaire was developed on a google form. Collected data were processed through SPSS software for standard deviation, frequency, mean, and weighted score, and rank order.
Main Findings: It was found that most of the respondents were female students and the majority of the student’s family monthly income was Rs. 10,000 – 20,000. The majority of the respondents were not suffering from any disease. The majority of respondents were those who have never eaten snacks in between their meals. Respondents who use to eat breakfast every day were ranked No. 1. Majority of the respondents were using full fat milk, soft drinks, and meat with visible fats. Most of the students were involved with healthy life habits i.e. doing physical activity, consuming fruits and greens.
Application of the study: This study can also be used to determine the dietary habit impact on the health status of college-going students in other districts of Punjab.
Novelty/ originality of the study: This study has provided an overview of different diseases affecting the health of college-going students. In the context of the current portfolio, the results of the current study will create awareness regarding healthy nutrition for improving the health status of the student
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES
No full textPurpose of the study: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 comprising a universally acceptable worldwide development agenda which each country of the world has to achieve till 2030. The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-economic and political transformational challenges confronted to South Asian Countries (SA) i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, in achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Methodology: The study uses different statistics of World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Health Organizations (WHO), and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to give a comprehensive picture of South Asian economies and the challenges which they are currently facing for achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In our preliminary analysis, the methodology highlighted the issues of South Asian Countries such as poverty (SDG 1), healthy lives and well-being (SDG 3), inclusive and equitable quality education (SDG 4), sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all (SDG 8)".
Principal Findings: The statistics presented regarding South Asian economies exhibit a dismal picture. At present, the attainment of these stipulated goals seems impossible and remains elusive if some serious measures have not been taken. The role of DCs and the world community as a whole is significant in this regard. To save the planet from extreme poverty, hunger, malnutrition, equitable access to modern technology, improved education and health for all human beings, the developed countries should give at least one percent of their GNP in the form of development assistance to poor countries. The study suggests that good governance that could undertake and implement structural reforms is necessary to deal with the challenges confronting to South Asian countries in achieving the targets of these stipulated goals. More importantly, the Developed Countries (DCs) started to implement their strategies to view SDGs' targets. Now it is a dire need that DCs should assist the Under Developed Countries (UDCs) and help them from their experience in identifying the transformational challenges which they possibly have to face in achieving SDGs' targets. Otherwise, it looks impossible for the UDCs to come up with these targets till 2030.
Applications of this study: The study highlighted some key challenges that South Asian countries face to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study outcomes can prove very much helpful for South Asian countries for achieving these targets and devising thriving economic policies generous to attaining their targets till 2030.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study gives a brief picture of the current position of the South Asian countries where they stand regard to Sustainable Development Goals' targets. Moreover, the results and policy recommendations presented at the end of the study provides help to deal with the challenges that are big hindrances in achieving the targets of these SDGs
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ENHANCE POSITIVE WORK OUTCOME: A MEDIATION MODEL
No full textPurpose of the study: The current study was conducted to find out the relationship amongst the Ethical leadership and job outcome’s (job satisfaction and job performance), and to have in-depth into how the relationship between ethical leadership and the job outcomes is mediated by the psychological empowerment.
Methodology: The study has been conducted in the public sector hospitals of district Peshawar. Data was collected from 267 nurses working in public sector hospitals. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, and convenience sampling was used as a sampling technique. In order to test the hypothesis, the regression-mediation analyses were considered.
Main Findings: The result revealed that ethical leadership has a positive impact on job satisfaction and the job performance. Similarly, the psychological empowerment also had a positive relationship with job satisfaction and job performance. Findings of the study also show partial mediation of Psychological empowerment in the relationship of ethical leadership and job satisfaction. Moreover, psychological empowerment fully mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and job performance.
Applications of this study: On practical grounds, our study provides guidelines for managing human resources in organizations. Employees need a good platform where they are provided with opportunities to build an interactive relationship with the supervisors which results in the progressive output for both individuals, and the performance of organizations.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Unfortunately, less importance has been given to the relationship of ethical leadership with job outcomes like performance. Few studies have explained that how and why ethical leadership is related to employee job performance. This study presents that ethical leadership affects employees by modelling and motivating them to avoid those unethical and harmful behaviours for their performance
A STUDY OF PATH RELATIONSHIP OF WORKPLACE STRESSORS WITH PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to explore the path relationship of workplace stressors and faculty health of university teachers.
Methodology: It was a quantitative and correlational survey study in nature. Two hundred and fifty faculty members were selected as a sample of study conveniently. A self-developed questionnaire on a Likert scale was used to explore the level of association between workplace stressors and teachers’ health. The validity and item consistency were measured by structural modeling. For this, four tests were applied. The Consistency values showed strong validness and highly significant consistent and reliable scales of workplace stressors and faculty health.
Main Findings: The findings of the study show that is a strong significant positive association between workplace stressors and faculty health r = .81. This strong correlation confirms that the health of teaching faculty is affected by workplace stressors.
Applications of this study: The study has practical implications for teachers’ health and stress factors in the teaching profession. This study contributed positively to producing new knowledge in the psychology field. The university administration may pay attention to provide a stress-free atmosphere to faculty members for their good health.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The readers may come to know about workplace stressors and how stressors are associated health of teachers. The analysis was done by using SmartPLS which was used to determine the relationship between variables
APPLICATION OF ZONAL AND CURVATURE FEATURES TO NUMERALS RECOGNITION
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose of this work is to present an offline Optical Character Recognition system to recognise handwritten English numerals to help automation of document reading. It helps to avoid tedious and time-consuming manual typing to key in important information in a computer system to preserve it for a longer time.
Methodology: This work applies Curvature Features of English numeral images by encoding them in terms of distance and slope. The finer local details of images have been extracted by using Zonal features. The feature vectors obtained from the combination of these features have been fed to the KNN classifier. The whole work has been executed using the MatLab Image Processing toolbox.
Main Findings: The system produces an average recognition rate of 96.67% with K=1 whereas, with K=3, the rate increased to 97% with corresponding errors of 3.33% and 3% respectively. Out of all the ten numerals, some numerals like ‘3’ and ‘8’ have shown respectively lower recognition rates. It is because of the similarity between their structures.
Applications of this study: The proposed work is related to the recognition of English numerals. The model can be used widely for recognition of any pattern like signature verification, face recognition, character or word recognition in another language under Natural Language Processing, etc.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the work lies in the process of feature extraction. Curves present in the structure of a numeral sample have been encoded based on distance and slope thereby presenting Distance features and Slope features. Vertical Delta Distance Coding (VDDC) and Horizontal Delta Distance Coding (HDDC) encode a curve from vertical and horizontal directions to reveal concavity and convexity from different angles
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES: EVIDENCE FROM U-MICROFINANCE BANK
No full textPurpose: This Study intends the assessment of microloan by U Microfinance Bank from females of upper Sindh. The core objective was to assess the impact of U-Microfinance on the poverty level of female for improving their living standards by providing them micro-loans to be used for their small-scale business which could enable them to be empowered politically, socially, economically, and assessing its impacts on the health and education of their families.
Methodology: This study was conducted on the assessment of microloan interventions of U Microfinance Bank in the rural areas of upper Sindh. A quantitative approach was used to measure the impact of microloan on the poverty status of the female along with a qualitative study to further confirm the findings. In this study, a quasi-experimental design was used in which two groups of data from the same respondents assuming the data ‘Before-loan and After-Loan Situation’ from the female borrowers of Khairpur, Sukkur, Shikarpur, Larkana, and Dadu Districts of Upper Sindh. Poverty Score Card was used as a survey instrument originally developed by the World Bank for each region separately. The collected data were analyzed by applying the descriptive statistics and logistic regression technique by using SPSS latest version.
Results: Results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrate that the microloan program does empower females of targeted cities, but the empowerment process does not necessarily occur simultaneously across all dimensions. Whereas microfinance does effect individually on each dimension of empowerment. For microfinance ventures, the results suggest that occupation types have a positive impact on women's empowerment.
Applications of this study: This study can be very effective in improving the strategies for poverty reduction among the female borrowers of the upper Sindh.
The Novelty of the study: The novelty of this study investigating the effect of poverty reduction strategies on female empowerment
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BIRD'S VALLEY, PUNE QUARRY WATER AND DRINKING WATER
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose behind this study is to get the knowledge of the range of physicochemical parameters of the Bird's valley, Pune quarry water in comparison with the drinking water.
Methodology: With the help of clean and sterilized polyethylene bottles of 1 liter capacity have been used for the collection of quarry water. Total 21 physico-chemical parameters have been analyzed and compared with the values for the drinking water. Analysis of water is carried out in the laboratory with the help of standard methods and techniques.
Main Findings: Presence of mercury in quarry water is very much high i-e 0.006 mg/liter and coli form bacteria are also numerous in count.
Applications of this study: This study gives us the idea about the range of the parameters of quarry water in comparison with drinking water and after the suitable treatment it could be converted into drinking water or not.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Till the date no work has been done on quarry water like this, present study will help us to understand whether the quarry water could be used as a potable water or not
US-TALIBAN PEACE TALKS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
No full textPurpose: The study explores the after-effects of US-Taliban peace talks and how these can bring peace in decades' long war-wracked Afghanistan. It also investigates whether or not the ever-widening trust deficit between the stakeholders be bridged through these talks and in the future, Afghan soil will never be used for transnational activities. How can these talks neutralize and influence militant groups to join mainstream politics?
Methodology: Relevant data were collected from newspaper articles, editorials, websites, journals, research reports, and magazines and minutely analyzed. The research is qualitative and explanatory cum exploratory in nature. Analytical techniques were utilized to evaluate data on the outcomes of the Doha-based US-Taliban peace talks.
Main Findings: The study finds that it's easy to conclude table talks but hard to implement on the ground. Decades' long trust deficit will not come to an end until and unless all the stakeholders move forward positively. Intra-Afghan dialogue is the most important step to bring the political instability to an end and constitutional accommodation be made accordingly to space all these in mainstream politics.
Applications: Findings of the study, to some extent, will be fruitful for the stakeholders to prioritize the steps to bring peace to Afghanistan. It also cautions regional and international actors to pursue their interests without using the soil of Afghanistan for seditious activities in rival countries.
Novelty: The study is unique in the sense that it explores the ways and means through which decades’ long trust deficit can be bridged by looping into the stakeholders for lasting peace to Afghanistan and the region.
 
ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS AMONG YOUNG LEARNER THROUGH PLAY STRATEGY: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
No full textPurpose: Entrepreneurship is a creative skill, offers theoretical and practical information to support individuals’ economic growth in society. The research examines teachers’ expectations and awareness of developing entrepreneurship skills among young learners and defines the connection between play strategy and entrepreneurial skills in early childhood education (ECE).
Methodology: The researcher employed a qualitative research approach. The population of the study comprised of ECE teachers. A purposive sampling technique was used, and twelve ECE teachers were interviewed from six different ECE Centers District East and Central, Karachi. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: Findings showed that teachers have very limited knowledge or don’t have an understanding of entrepreneurship. According to them, this skill is related to business, and it can be done only through heavy investment. According to teachers’ opinions, it isn’t easy to teach students about entrepreneurship skills in early childhood education. However, they also stated that students are trained in preschools through multiple exercises. The play method is one of the many strategies that improve social behaviors; collaboration, exploration, projects, problem-solving, decision-making, and innovation. Students develop positive social habits through entrepreneurship skills (ES). The research reveals the essential relationship between play strategy and entrepreneurship skills. The study advises that schools equip potential entrepreneurs with early childhood education and play strategy that teachers be qualified to build Entrepreneurship skills among children.
Applications of the study: The findings of the study promote and activate the curriculum makers, textbook developers, and policymakers to develop entrepreneurship modules that help teachers to enhance their pedagogical skills to promote entrepreneurship skills among young learners through play strategies.
The Novelty of the Study: This study checked the concepts of entrepreneurship education through play strategies at the ECE level. Besides this, teachers’ perceptions and understandings about entrepreneurship skills at the ECE level were also explored
CASE STUDY METHOD AS PEDAGOGY IN BUSINESS SCHOOLS: AN INVESTIGATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDUSTRY
No full textPurpose of the study: This study was planned to explore the perception of the business community and their requirement for the skills they see most demanding in business graduates.
Methodology: For this purpose, data were collected from a hundred senior business executives across various industries such as textile and cellular industries to document their perception and requirement. Collected data has been analyzed through statistical techniques and Exploratory Factor Analysis and Mean Attribute Scores.
Main Findings: Study results revealed that the business community seeks seven skills in business graduates, namely, organization skills, interpersonal skills, Ability to analyze skills, problem-solving skills, Ability to think skills, thinking about alternative skills, and strategic planning skills while the Ability to think has been found most demanding talent in the business community.
Applications of this study: This study provides guidelines to the Academia, and industry in devising a mechanism to make more effective business education through case study pedagogy.
Novelty/Originality of this study: From a theoretical perspective, this study provided important insights into literature by exploring the most demanding skills in business graduates, while from a practical standpoint, this study provides a road map for business schools to train their students according to the needs of the business community. Limitations and future directions of the research are discussed