Gyandhara International Academic Publication (GIAP): Journals
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IMPACT OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY ON ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: A CASE OF UNIVERSITIES OF PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the Study: The present research was undertaken to determine the impact of workforce diversity taxonomy like diversity climate, value, organizational justice, and identity on various dimensions of organizational culture.
Methodology: A sample of 117 university teachers selected from the university and higher educational institutions in Pakistan. Convenient sampling techniques were used to collect the data through a Google survey, using workforce diversity.
taxonomy inventory and organizational culture questionnaire. Data analyzed by using a t-test to compare the mean scores of various dichotomized groups to see the effect of workforce diversity taxonomy on organizational culture with the help of the SPSS package.
Principal Findings: Results revealed that workforce diversity taxonomy like diversity climate, value, organizational justice, and identity significantly influenced organizational culture and its various dimensions. Perceived high and low respondents’ workforce diversity taxonomy differed significantly on organizational culture.
Applications of the study: This study can formulate strategies to improve workforce diversity in universities and higher educational institutions in emerging economies like Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The present research contributes to the literature on perceived workforce diversity taxonomy and organizational culture in terms of autonomy, trust, communication, transparency, interpersonal relation, decision making, and overall organizational culture, particularly in university and higher educational institution’s teachers
EXPLORING THE SOCIOCULTURAL IMPEDIMENTS TO FEMALE IN GETTING HIGHER EDUCATION IN PUKHTUN SOCIETY
No full textPurpose of the study: This study was designed to explore the socio-cultural impediments to females getting higher education in pakhtun society.
Methodology: A cross-sectional quantitative research method was conducted in district Dir lower Pakistan. A well-structured interviewed schedule (encompassing all the study attributes) was used for primary data collection from 375 female respondents after the pre-test procedure. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics(x2 test) to ascertain the association between dependent (female higher education) and independent (sociocultural impediments) variables.
Principal Findings: Based on the study results, a significant association (P=0.000) was found between the dependent variable and sociocultural attributes; the prevalence of patriarchal norms (P=0.00), preferences of early marriages (P=0.00), fear of sexual harassment (P=0.00), parents carelessness (P=0.00), Parda (veiling for women and protecting their honour) and lack of decision-making power (P=0.00) impedes women from getting their higher education.
Applications of this study: Early marriage is a symbol of female exploitation under the man-made unwritten codes of conduct (Pukhtoonwali) which, should be banned through formal (legislation) and informal agencies (familial and religious) level; with a collaboration of educating female to ensure dethroning the partisan character in the form of patriarchal norms, which women faced since the dawn of the history. A slogan or any other campaign through mass media and print media is the order of the day. The government should ensure to play their role on macro and micro level to eliminate the negative stigmatization of women generally while in getting higher education particularly.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is an attempt to insight into the socio-cultural barriers to female attainment of higher education in pukhtun society through perceptional based study along with quantitative research designs to measure the association between the variables as mentioned above with an amalgamation of an addition to the existing stock of knowledge in the field of sociology of education.
 
CAUSES AND STRATEGIES TO COPE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SPEAKING ANXIETY IN PAKISTANI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
No full textPurpose of the study: This study aims to explore the possible causes of speaking anxiety among Pakistani university students in an engineering university in Karachi. Another aim of this study is to find out the strategies used by these students to cope with the anxiety they have while speaking English as a second or foreign language.
Methodology: The research was qualitative and used an open-ended questionnaire to take the detailed responses of the participants. 80 (40 males and 40 females) participants were selected for this study using the purposive sampling technique. The researchers also translated the tool into the Urdu language to make it more intelligible for the participants.
Main Findings: The causes of speaking anxiety were lack of confidence, vocabulary, fear of being ridiculed, peer pressure, facing a lot of people, rules of grammar, lack of preparation, fear of making mistakes, and negative attitude of the teacher and the coping strategies were avoiding the audience, taking help from teacher or peer, preparing well, taking deep breaths, facilitating anxiety, distracting the anxiety, self-talk/praise, restarting, physical movement, using humor and maintaining eye contact with only one person.
Applications of this study: This study is useful for the teachers teaching courses related to speaking English as a second or foreign language. This study will help the teachers in tracing the explored elements of anxiety in a class in general and in a student in particular. They will try to mold their pedagogy to make the learning process more enjoyable and less anxious.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study explores the elements of speaking anxiety in the Pakistani context. Earlier studies have implemented pre-invented tools rather than unearthing the anxiety-provoking elements. Hence, this study can be considered as an ice breaker when it comes to exploring the elements of speaking anxiety in the Pakistani context
USE OF FUZZY MATHEMATICAL QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING APPROACH IN JOB EVALUATION
No full textPurpose of study: The current paper is the based on mathematical model of the job evolution system.
Methodology: The proposed method is the fusion of quadratic programming and fuzzy logic where quadratic programming is used to optimize objective function with related constraints in the form of non-linear formulation. Fuzzy logic is used to control uncertainty related information by estimating imprecise parameters
Main Finding: The optimal solution of the job evaluation based on fuzzy environment where goal is imprecise.
Application of this study: It is used in the areas where information is not exact.
The originality of this study: The novelty of the method is the fusion of quadratic programming and fuzzy logic
PREGNANCY RELATED ANXIETY, COUPLE RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION AND SUBJECTIVE HAPPINESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN
No full textPurpose of the study: The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between pregnancy-related anxiety and couple relationship satisfaction; with the subjective happiness of pregnant women of Pakistan.
Methodology: This study used a quantitative research method, and questionnaires were used for data collection from pregnant women (N = 200) of Haripur, Abbottabad, Wah Cantt, and Taxila. The statistical analyses of correlation, regression, t-test, and ANOVAs were used.
Main Findings: The results indicated that pregnancy-related anxiety predicts subjective happiness of pregnant women, couple relationship satisfaction positively predicted subjective happiness of pregnant women, and couple relationship satisfaction does not moderate the relationship between pregnancy-related anxiety and subjective happiness among pregnant women.
Applications of this study: The findings have theoretical and applied significance in the term allowing targeting those pregnant women who would benefit from assessment and coping with pregnancy-related anxiety.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Identifying the women at risk would allow us to follow them up during their pregnancy, recognize earlier symptoms of pregnancy-related anxiety as they develop, and implement therapeutic interventions if needed, and spouse's training may also be encouraged and planed
COMBINED BUSINESS STRATEGY IN COASTAL AREA AFTER COVID-19 SITUATION: A CASE STUDY IN COX’S BAZAR
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to set up a restaurant business in Cox’s Bazar in this Covid-19 scenario with a low budget and providing premium services. People's purchasing power has been decreased due to this situation and they demand to get premium services at cheaper prices.
Methodology: A market analysis has been performed as well as the present situation has been studied. A proper business plan has been setup with the layout of the restaurant.
Main Findings: It has been found that a better amount of profit can be achieved by satisfying the customer with lower price than the present competitors. It also has been observed that combining more than 2 businesses will help to achieve the profit margin in quick time. Customer satisfaction is also high in this type of strategy.
Applications of this study: New entrepreneurs made enough observations to create their new business model which will help them to make this business profitable. This model is an ideal model for a start-up business with a low budget.
Novelty/Originality of this study: As the real-time study has been studied and the real situations have been considered, this study will be helpful for the new entrepreneur
DESTINATION IMAGE ANALYSIS AND ITS STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW FROM 1990 TO 2019
No full textPurpose of the study: "Image" not only exists in the market of consumer goods as well as tourism but also is the criteria usually used by consumers to make decisions. However, little literature is concerned with a comprehensive analysis of its development trajectory, application domains, and strategic implications. This study aims at conducting an extensive review of DI's current literature to examine the key concept of consumer behaviors.
Methodology: Based on Scopus, this paper surveys the development trajectory of destination image using a literature review with the solo keyword “destination image” from 1990 to 2019.
Main findings: The findings indicate that the development of destination image begins in 1995 and the overall growth is steady and strong. There are three development waves, such as 2002-2007, 2008-2013, and 2015-2019. These 908 articles were scattered across 182 different journals. Besides, all these keywords related to counties/areas are mostly equipped with tourism competitiveness as well.
Applications of this study: This study reveals five problem domains of destination image including environment and government, destinations, tourists, culture, and others, respectively. This would call the attention of the executives and authorities concerned with environmental sustainability, adaptability/responsiveness of strategies, destination competitiveness, capabilities development, resource allocation, and tourist behavior (e.g., decision-making and post-purchase intention).
Originality/Value: Based on the nexus between “environment-destination-tourist”, this study proposed a strategic map of DI to future researchers and field workers of great interests to operationalize and conceptualize its coverage
THE EXISTENTIAL ALIENATION OF THE FEMININE SELF IN THIS HOUSE OF CLAY AND WATER BY FAIQA MANSAB
No full textPurpose of the study: The present study aims to analyze the text This House of Clay and Water (2017) by Mansab, through the Existentialist Feminist lens in the light of Simone de Beauvoir’s theory as explained in her revolutionary work, The Second Sex (2009). The purpose of the study is not only to highlight women’s oppression/ othering in marriage due to patriarchy but also to mark the role of the ‘husband’ as crucial to the understanding of women’s emotional abandonment in marriage.
Methodology: The study is qualitative and uses a descriptive analysis of the selected text. The method of literary analysis used in the text is based on a close reading of the narrative description and events of alienation of the identity persona of the protagonist in the text.
Main Findings: The present study draws on Simone de Beauvoir’s ideas about how women are treated as others by the male subject in marriage resulting in a feeling of frustration, identity loss alienation, and existential crisis. Moreover, the role of the husband is crucial to avoid this crisis in women after marriage.
Application of the study: This study can have many applications in various fields. The study demonstrates the impacts of social and cultural stereotypes on women as well as the role of patriarchy and resulting alienation. This study can have many applications in gender and feminist studies. This study can also be helpful in the academic setting for research purposes especially in feminism, gender studies, and female existentialism.
The novelty of the study: The present study demonstrates how the protagonist feels entrapped and suffocated in her home, forced to live a life of false hope due to the impositions placed on her by her parents, her husband, her in-laws, and the patriarchal society which resultantly creates a feeling of alienation. The study concludes how dissuading a woman from her true self and forcing her to exist as an object results in a feeling of dissatisfaction, existential crisis, and alienation. The selected text has not been explored through the lens of Existential Feminism before
ANALYSIS OF SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN; CONSTRAINTS AND YIELD NEXUS
No full textPurpose of study: For the previous couple of years, sugarcane crop production is under crisis for many reasons. This study aimed at exploring those reasons impeding the potential production of sugarcane in the Rahim Yar Khan district of Punjab, Pakistan.
Methodology: A total of 343 randomly selected sugarcane growers participated in this study as respondents. Data were collected through face-to-face interview techniques on a structured and validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22).
Results: Quantitative results indicated that the total production of sugarcane during the last two years dropped from 833 to 636 mounds per acre. The chi-square analysis confirmed that production, protection, climatic changes policy and financially associated factors had statistically significant (P<0.05) inverse impacts on sugarcane production. In contrast, the marketing factors were statistically non-significant for the production of sugarcane (P>0.05). The qualitative findings as perceived by key informants confirmed that non-availability of disease-resistant varieties, traditional irrigation mechanism, lack of proper plant protection measures, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), climate change, high cost of production, and sluggish policy had pressurized the sugarcane production.
Recommendations: It is suggested that the development of insect pests, diseasesand drought-resistant varieties should be launched. Efficient and alternate row irrigation system, climate change adoption strategies, integrated pest management, mechanized farming of sugarcane should be adopted in order to curtail the production cost and increase the level of production.
Novelty: Studies have been conducted to investigate the influencing factors on the yield of sugarcane but this is the first study that indicates the association of those factors that are hampering on-farm production of sugarcane crop in district Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING STRATEGIES AND MOTIVATION OF DISTANCE LEARNERS
No full textPurpose of the study: The study aimed to discover the learning strategies of distance learners and their relationship with their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Methodology: The study followed a quantitative correlational research design. The study sample comprised 550 female and male students enrolled as distance learners at the university level. The tool of learning strategies MSLQ was adopted from Pintrich et al. (1991) and the scale of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was adopted from Lepper et al. (2005). The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.
Main Findings: The findings of the inquiry concluded that the learning strategies of distance learners were directly associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.
Applications of this study: This study is applicable to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of distance learners enrolled at the university level. Moreover, this study is helpful to understand the relationship between the motivation of learners and their learning styles.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Much of the research work has been done in the mainstream education sector, but there is a shortage of empirical data on the relationship between the learning styles of distance learners and their motivation. Thus, this research could be a torchbearer in this area