Gyandhara International Academic Publication (GIAP): Journals
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ANALYSIS OF THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMPACTS OF CORONA VIRUS DISEASE-2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC
No full textPurpose of the study: The twenty-first century has witnessed numerous impacts of the novel Corona Virus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) pandemic in different walks of life across the globe. The present study was designed to get a societal response regarding the multifaceted impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the lives of the populace of the study locale.
Methodology: The researchers selected a qualitative research approach for gaining in-depth insights on the issue at hand, wherein the data was collected from the potential participants through purposive sampling. The In-depth Interviews were conducted in district Swat which is one of the most affected districts from Covid-19. The In-depth Interview was used as a research instrument. The data was analyzed through thematic analysis.
Main Findings: The study findings revealed that human lives are severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The routine life cycle was badly affected, and people were confined to their houses. Like other parts of the world, different sectors like education, health, rituals, social interaction, travel, and tourism are desperately affected. Resultantly, it drastically raised the socio-cultural and economic (especially unemployment) unrest situation in the region. Apart from these consequences, due to the Pandemic scenario, various socio-cultural rituals, events, and activities were at a halt due to the imposition of social distancing measures.
Applications of this study: The findings can be utilized/generalized in the normal course of life keeping in view the multidimensional impacts of the Covid-19 in the region. This study could be utilized for future research studies on the same issue.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Besides, the study has immense significance, such studies are novel in the region with such a distinct perspective that covers various aspects of the impacts of Covid-19 using a qualitative research approach.  
THE MERGER OF FATA: BREAKING THE CLUTCHES OF BRITISH COLONIAL FRONTIER CRIMES REGULATIONS (FCR)
No full textPurpose of the study: The present study aimed to find the association between frontier crime regulations (FCR) abolishment (independent variable) in the context of the merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (dependent variable).
Methodology: The study follows a crossectional research design. Primary data were collected from 384 randomly selected respondents of the two newly merged districts, Khyber and Kurram of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The association and strength of the relationship were obtained by the application of Chi-Square (χ2) and Kandel Tau b (Tb) test statistics.
Main Findings: Based on the obtained statistics, the FCR law was against fundamental rights, favoring the local elites, a hurdle to development, a source of corruption, outdated and inefficient in counter militancy, unpopular, and the tribals ready to welcome the modern governance system. The background variables gender and age yielded spurious relationships. At the same time, socio-economic status resulted in a non-spurious relationship between the variables above.
Applications of this study: The research results can be applied to such studies that focus on the indigenous culture, governance, and fundamental human rights.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study's unique feature is that it is the first-ever attempt to investigate such kinds of topics in Pakistan's tribal regions. Besides, it also provides an outlook of the inhuman and unjustified state-sponsored FCR. 
THE EFFECTS OF EDUCATION ON THE MAJOR LIFE ACTIVITIES OF ROAD TRAFFIC INJURY VICTIMS CONCERNING HEALTH SATISFACTION STATUS
No full textPurpose of the study: To examine the satisfaction of the health status of RTI victims and to measure the association between the satisfaction of health status with the prevailing level of participation of RTI victims in various major life activities.
Methodology: This study follows a cross-sectional research design. A comprehensive interview schedule was designed and pre-tested before the actual process of data collection. For data analysis, SPSS v.20 was run for obtaining univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.
Main Findings: At a bivariate level, it was found that RTI victims were having difficulty in walking, standing, sitting, and dysfunctional memory status had significantly associated with low health satisfaction. Furthermore, at the multivariate level, the victims with low educational status were more likely to report limitations in Major Life Activities (MLA), ultimately affecting their health satisfaction status.
Applications of this study: This research's findings can apply to such studies that emphasize the sociological perspectives for minimizing traffic crashes. Moreover, it also provides the role of education in controlling traffic injuries in the south Asian region.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the first-ever attempt to determine the effects of MLA limitations on the health satisfaction status. Apart from describing the phenomenon from a sociological perspective, the article also enlightens the role of education in minimizing RTI injuries
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC DRASTICALLY ON THE ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN- DEEP INSIGHTS FOR POLICYMAKERS
No full textAbstract
Purpose of the study: This article aims to examine the economic consequences of the unprecedented crisis of COVID-19 across Pakistan's sectors. To date, the second phase of COVID-19 is underway, and the economic losses of the industries and the recovery plan are still underdeveloped.
Methodology: This study is qualitative based. Mix method and desk review approaches are used to analyse the impact of covid-19 on the different sectors of Pakistan
Main Findings: The review revealed that the pandemic had a range of negative impacts on domestic, foreign trade, health care, education, and tourism, but had a positive effect on the environment and the agriculture sector.
Applications of this study: This study can be effective for the researcher to an immediate need to study each sector's economic insights further to improve crisis management policy.
Novelty/Originality of this study: this research contributes to the covid-19 pandemic in the different sectors of Pakistan. It also offers insights into how policymakers should build policies
AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON INDIVIDUAL CREATIVITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATIONS IN THE ICT INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM
No full textPurpose of the study: In the present study, information was obtained from 245 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) organizations from Vietnam using a market-oriented criterion to assess individual creativity, ethical leadership, and organizational innovation.
Methodology: The absolute, as well as intended influences of ethical leaderships over the creativities along with innovations, were investigated using modelling that is multilevel plus tiered regressions analysis. We also tested the direct and indirect effects of ethical leadership on creativity and innovation using multilevel modelling and hierarchical regression analyses, respectively.
Main Findings: The results showed ethical leadership is a strong indicator of both human and organizational imagination. On the corporate levels, observations suggest that ethical leadership remains closely correlated with organizational innovations. The results also suggest that ethical leadership is an essential method for promoting entrepreneurship and advancing growth in both emerging countries and newly developed industries.
Applications of this study: On the corporate levels, observations suggest that ethical leadership remains closely correlated with organizational innovations.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study’s key part remains essentially to examine creativity as a possible intermediary in favour of the ethical leadership’s organizational interconnections, in which a markets-focused standard is used as a surrogate for innovations at the organizational level
UNDERSTANDING WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF SAHIWAL DISTRICT, PUNJAB PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to analyze the socio-cultural constraints that affect different dimensions of women empowerment in rural areas of Punjab province. Political participation and self-esteem were taken as dominant characteristics of women empowerment among lots of variables that collectively define women empowerment.
Methodology: A mixed-method approach was used to study different dimensions of women empowerment. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to collect the data from 85 respondents excluding widows and divorced women. Two focus group discussions were conducted, one in each village to further understand the phenomenon or empowerment and constraints faced by women. The data got analyzed by using tables and graphs made in MS Excel.
Main findings: Findings of the study indicate that although cultural constraints hinder the process of women empowerment a great deal, a husband's education along with a woman's education plays a significant role in women empowerment. Results showed that if the husband is more educated, women are more empowered politically and have higher self-esteem.
Application of the study: The significant contribution of a single factor in overall women empowerment is very interesting and needs further in-depth studies on different locations. The results can contribute to policy formulation for women empowerment on a larger scale
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF THREE PROGRAM-EVALUATION MODELS –A REVIEW ON THEIR IMPLICATION IN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
No full textPurpose of the study: This article reviews the comparative efficacy, theoretical and practical background of three program evaluation models (Stufflebeam’s CIPP model, Kirkpatrick’s model, and outcome-based evaluation models) and their implications in educational programs. The article discusses the strengths and limitations of the three evaluation models.
Methodology: Peer-reviewed and scholarly journals were searched for articles related to program evaluation models and their importance. Keywords included program evaluation’, ‘assessment’, ‘CIPP model’, ‘evaluation of educational programs, ‘outcome-based model, and ‘planning’. Articles on Stufflebeam’s CIPP model, Kirkpatrick’s model, and outcome-based evaluation models were particularlyfocused because the review aimed at analysing these three models. The strengths and inadequacies of the three models were weighed and presented.
Main Findings: The three models –outcome-based evaluation model, the Kirkpatric model, and the CIPP evaluation model –discussed in this review, have some strengths and weaknesses. Among the compared models, the CIPP model seems more appropriate for its implantation in evaluating educational programs because it is broader, comprehensive, flexible, cost-effective, and feasible.
Applications of this study: Like other programs and projects, evaluation of educational programs is necessary to achieve high standards, better outcomes, and meet the objectives. Evaluation is employed before designing a particular educational program or during the already designed program. This review concludes that among different evaluation models, the CIPP evaluation model is more appropriate in evaluating educational programs because it is more comprehensive, efficient, and feasible.Employment of the CIPP model for evaluating educational programs can achieve plausible results about the overall progress of the educational programs.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This review highlights the importance of different program evaluation models. It concludes that the CIPP evaluation model offers an excellent mechanism to evaluate educational programs at different stages
AN ECOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF METAPHOR TO ENHANCE THE VALUE OF PRODUCTS IN ADVERTISEMENTS
No full textPurpose of the study: The study investigates metaphors in advertisements from the perspective of ecolinguistics. It focuses on the reasons for which the manufacturers use metaphors for the advertising of their products. It also aims to find the role of metaphor in arising feelings of the consumers towards the products.
Methodology: The data have been collected from the official website of four multinational companies named A, B, C, and D. Only thirteen advertisements are analyzed in this research. The selection is made based on the use of metaphor in the advertisements—theory of Conceptual metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson (2008) and Stibbe (2015)’s Model of encolinguistic analysis guided the mode of the present research.
Main Findings: It is found that the manufacturers make use of metaphors to grab the attention of the audience towards the product through its sensual appeal. Moreover, the advertising agencies assign some other entity qualities through meta help in the positive evaluation of their products’ value.
Application of the study: Since the research analyzes metaphors in advertisements, it helps educate the common masses about metaphors and their impact on the customers’ feelings. The affiliation of the advertised products with positive qualities or entities makes the product the right choice for the audience and enhances its value.
Novelty/ Originality of the study: The study is novel because it investigates the reasons for using metaphors in advertisements and how it helps the manufacturers persuade consumers to buy their products. The use of metaphor enhances the value of the products. In contrast, the consumers overlook the product’s importance and get the product’s illusion as something bringing feelings of joy and pleasure to the consumers
BARRIERS RESPONSIBLE TO FEMALES’ LOW LITERACY AT THE PRIMARY LEVEL IN BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BARRIERS
No full textAbstract
Purpose of the study: This study finds the barriers responsible for females’ low literacy in the Balochistan province of Pakistan at the primary school level.
Methodology: Qualitative research design was applied to this study. Data were collected through the interview tool and were analyzed through a thematic analysis procedure. Results were given in the form of major themes and sub-themes.
Main Findings: This study gave 4 major results, which were in the form of four major themes, i.e., lack of basic facilities, lack of qualified teachers, lack of enrolment, and financial constraints. The major themes were categorized into several sub-themes.
Applications of this study: This study is beneficial and applicable in Pakistani society. It attracts the attention of the layman and government to focus on female education to make the females literate at the best level.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The new aspect of this study was to show the barriers responsible for females’ low literacy. It is aware of the readers that lack of basic facilities, lack of qualified teachers, lack of enrolment, and financial constraints are the barriers to females’ low literacy. It also advances the existing knowledge and bridges the gap between past and existing knowledge
IMPACT OF HUMAN PERSPECTIVE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON TRADE CREDIT WITH MODERATING ROLE OF PROFITABILITY IN PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose: This paper analyzes the impact that human capital has on trade credit in Pakistan's chemical sector. Human capital is a component of intellectual capital.
Methodology: HC or Human Capital is taken as an independent variable. The dependent variable is trade credit. Trade credit has two types: Trade Credit Used (TCU) and trade credit extended (TCE). Other variables are also used, such as profitability (PROF), short-term bank credit (SBC), financial leverage (LEV). For empirical investigation, balanced panel data is used for the time 2010 to 2019. For obtaining econometric outcomes, we applied the static panel in E-views.
Main Findings: The results indicate that short-term bank credit, leverage, and the interaction term of human capital and profitability create a positive impact with the used trade credit and TCE, while the impact of profitability and human credit on trade credit used is negative. Trade credit extended profitability is moderating the relationship of human capital and trade credit.
Implications/Applications: This study has great importance for firm managers, policymakers, investors, academicians, and scholars in the selected sector of Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study recommends the efficient, effective utilization of human capital and trade credit to gain a comparative advantage