Gyandhara International Academic Publication (GIAP): Journals
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FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDE OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the study: This research study aims to measure the entrepreneurial attitude of female university students and investigates the factors contributing to the development of entrepreneurial attitude among female students in Pakistan. The core objective of the study was to develop entrepreneurial attitudes among females and make them capable to adopt small-scale businesses.
Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed to measure the entrepreneurial attitude of female students and further exploring different factors affecting the attitude of female students towards adopting the business as a career option. In this study, a survey method was used in which quantitative data on female students’ entrepreneurial attitude and different affecting factors were collected from 2576 female students from eight public sector universities located in Punjab province. The entrepreneurial attitude scale was used as a survey instrument originally developed by Ali, Topping, and Tariq (2011) and further modified by the researchers to measure the entrepreneurial attitude of female students. A factor-based scale was developed to measure the effect of these factors on female students’ entrepreneurial attitudes. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression techniques by using SPSS 16th Version.
Results: Findings of multiple regression analysis exhibits that the role of education is the best contributor to the female students’ entrepreneurial attitude. The other contributing factors are family support, technological assistance, business environment, and social support but their contribution is small whereas government initiatives and legal provisions were not supportive for developing entrepreneurial attitudes among female students.
Applications of this study: This study can be useful for arranging entrepreneurial career development programs for the development of the entrepreneurial attitude among female students and make them capable to start their entrepreneurial endeavours.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study was to investigate the effects of different familial, social, educational, political, environmental, and legal factors on female students’ entrepreneurial attitudes. 
LIVING WITH TERROR NOT LIVING IN TERROR: RELIGIOUS FACTORS AFFECTING PEACE IN PAKISTANI AREAS OF SECTARIAN VIOLENCE: sectarian violence among Shia and Sunni
No full textProblem and aim of the study: This study is set out to investigate the impact of misinterpretation of religious education on sectarian violence in District Hangu.
Research methods: Primary data regarding religious education and its role in sectarian violence was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. The sample size of 279 respondents from three selected villages of District Hangu was randomly selected through the proportional allocation method. The level of significant relationship of the study variables was determined through the Chi-Square test at the Bivariate level analysis. At the multivariate level analysis sect and education were used as controlled variables.
Results: Results show that religious education has a significant role in generating sectarian violence as the observed value of 27.617 as strongly significant at a 1% level of significance. Moreover, the findings of the study revealed the relationship between madrasas’ education and sectarian violence as significant ( ≤ 0.05) for both groups i.e., literate, and illiterate.
Application of the study: This empirical work is useful in policy planning for the institutionalism of religion. Notwithstanding, a policy for formal registration of all religious madrassas is the need of the day. The present study highlights that extremist literature should be banned in madrassas and there should be a proper syllabus for these institutions. The uniformity of religious education including modern education in their syllabus might be beneficial in this regard. Further, it is needed to focus on the development of underdeveloped areas of Pakistan and encourage cross religion and sects’ dialogue.
Originality and Novelty of the study: In Pakistan, the phenomena of sectarian violence have received limited attention in the literature. The existing empirical work in this area is primarily concerned with the political and social aspects of sectarian violence. Thus, the present study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by empirically exploring the issue of sectarian violence from a religious perspective. In this study, a novel method has been applied to determine the impact of religious education on sectarian violence by controlling the background variables of sect and education of the study participants. Such an application of the novel method is believed to enhance the validity of this study and vividly expose the role of sects in the sectarian violence in the research site
PANDEMIC COVID-19: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS BY PUNJAB AND SINDH GOVERNMENTS IN PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose: The study analyzes the growing situation of Covid-19 in Pakistan and highlights the recent scientific and social developments made during this pandemic. The paper highlights the exertions of the government of Pakistan in general and especially the preventing measures taken by the Punjab and Sindh government to fight this pandemic. The paper discusses the emergency preparedness and response to the Covid-19 in Pakistan.
Method: This research uses publicly available data to inspect the current situation of epidemic Covid-19 and its preventive measures in Pakistan, especially in Punjab and Sindh province. Besides, documents on the website of the daily situation report of NIH (National Institute of Health), WHO covid-19 dashboard (services and coordination) Ministry of National Health Regulation, different scholarly articles, and already existing world reports have been reviewed and analyzed
Main Findings: The outbreak of Covid-19 was experienced first time in December 2019 at Wuhan city of China which spread promptly in China and then all-inclusive in 213 other countries including Australia, Asia, Europe, America, and Pakistan as well. Experts believed that in a developing country like Pakistan, its effects would be devastating. It has caused approximately 2, 862, 664 deaths and affected more than 131, 837, 512 people worldwide, while its statistics are growing fast. However, several steps have been adopted to overcome Covid-19 worldwide. Even, drastic measures were taken with limited resources in Pakistan to curb the growing situation of Covid-19 such as lockdown, awareness campaign, quarantine facilities, special hospitals, and laboratories for testing the virus.
Application of the Study: The results of this research help the Pakistani government to make their policies more target-ordinated and systematic to cure this pandemic to restore its vigilance with available resources against Covid-19 and trained human capacities, laboratory networks, policy formulation, and national emergency preparedness.
The originality of the Study: This research contributes that confusion and uncertainty between the policies of the federal government and provinces on lockdown measures could lead the thousands of untimely deaths. Experts believed that in a developing country like Pakistan, its effects would be devastating. Despite its limited resources, Pakistan took a stand against an epidemic coronavirus and made it a single-point agenda by all the provinces of Pakistan
INVESTIGATING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AGAINST VIOLENT EXTREMISM THROUGH LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS IN SWAT-PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the Research: The paper focuses to investigate CR (community resilience) counter to extremism through the lived experiences of community members.
Methodology: To gather appropriate data from the partakers, the qualitative research design was applied. To analyze the gathered Clarke and Braun (2014) thematic analysis approach was used.
Results: The results of this research work were construed and the ways forward were fitted out given that. the project team is in the process of initiating a report that focuses on strengthening community capacity, which is the main objective of this paper. The edition will make a positive contribution to all interested and humane people, mostly to the less fortunate.
Application of the research: Moreover, it can be said that this project will have an impact on future research in the field of community empowerment. This work will also highlight the important opportunity for historical research on community resilience to combat violent extremism.
Novelty/Originality of the research: Past research has sufficiently investigated similar topics. However, none of the past research approached the topic through the lived experience of the community members. Thus, this research (by studying the problem through the lived experience of the community members) is unique
A FUZZY PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO INVENTORY CONTROL PROBLEM
No full textPurpose of study: Main aim of this study is to deals with the problem of inventories. Their holding cost, set-up cost, and many more related to that. All the problems are flexible and having fuzzy nature.
Methodology: The model takes the form of a Geometric Programming problem. Hence geometric programming algorithm is used here.
Main Finding: The developed models may be used for a single item with a single constraint of limitation on storage area and multi-item inventory problems.
Application of this study: This study is useful in the area of inventories. There holding cost and set-up cost etc.
The originality of this study: This study may help the stockholders for storing goods and minimizing the cost of holding
CULTURAL EROSION AND CULTURAL MEMORY IN TAUFIQ RAFAT’S ARRIVAL OF THE MONSOON
No full textPurpose of the study: This study focuses on analyzing and locating the cultural images and the elements which present the idea of cultural erosion, and with the lens of cultural memory evokes the idea of identity, and nostalgia in Taufiq Rafat’s poetry.
Methodology: This research is qualitative in design. To explore the concepts of cultural memory and cultural erosion Purposive sampling is used for the selection of the poems. For analysis, textual and descriptive methods of analysis are used. Jan Assmann's (cultural theorist and archaeologist) theory of cultural memory serves as a theoretical framework for this study.
Main Findings: From the analysis, it is explored that Rafat’s poetry discerns the concepts of cultural erosion and cultural memory. In the majority of his poems, few dominant images are used repeatedly to strengthen the notion of memory and yearning for the past such as time (clock), the flow of time which is fleeting and nontransient. He not only laments on cultural erosion but also keeps his personal and social memories, traditions, ancient civilizations, rituals, and objects alive so that they could be transferred to the next generations to establish mnemonics.
Applications of the study: This research may be beneficial to those studying Anthropology, Culture Studies, History, South Asian Literature, and Sociology. Furthermore, the interpretation of major symbols and images related to the culture, and history which evoke cultural memory, and erosion will pave the way for the deconstruction of symbols in poetry.
The novelty of the study: Rafat’s poetry is enriched with natural and romantic images, the depiction of beauty and culture about which many studies are available. The significance of this study lies in the fact that the concept of cultural memory from his poems has been evoked and analyzed
ASSESSING AWARENESS LEVEL OF IN-SERVICE COLLEGE TEACHERS REGARDING PROFESSIONALISM
No full textPurpose of the study: The study's intended purpose was to examine the attitude of college teachers towards professionalism and investigate factors affecting teachers' professionalism at the college level.
Methodology: This research nature was descriptive; a simple random sampling technique was used to pick the sample for this research. On a five-point Lickert scale, researchers built a questionnaire and collected data from 340 respondents, including 99 males, 241 females. The researcher employed descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, frequency, one-way ANOVA, and z-test for data analysis with the help of SPSS.
Main Findings: The study's essential results indicate that teachers develop practical lessons by organizing instructional activities and materials intelligently and explaining them in multiple ways and they utilize appropriate inquiry tools according to the nature of the subject and promote self-reflection among students and motivate them to solve their problems themselves.
Applications of this study: The study will be beneficial for the stakeholders in developing an understanding of professionalism. It will provide the prospective teachers with the guidelines regarding constituents of professionalism. The study will provide feedback about the current status of professionalism. The study will highlight missing elements in professionalism to be valued in the future professionalizing project.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to helping teachers to understand the meaning of professionalism and factors associated with it and help them to understand their responsibilities in a better way and improve their teaching efficiency
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS AND DECISION-MAKING SKILLS AMONG AL-QUDS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between cognitive distortions and decision-making skills among Al-Quds University students.
Methodology: The current research was performed on a sample of (264) male and female students chosen using the random method. Both of cognitive distortions and decision-making skills measurements have been used. Validity and reliability of the study instruments were tested, and it was clear that the instruments were sufficiently reliable (stable) enough to meet the objectives of the study.
Main Findings: Findings showed a negative relationship between cognitive distortions and decision-making skills among Al-Quds University students, and also suggested that the means for the total score of cognitive distortions and decision-making skills were moderate. Over-thinking reflected the dominant domain of cognitive distortions. Findings also revealed differences in cognitive distortions in favor of females, Faculty of Humanities, and residents of the village.
Applications of the study: The strength of the negative relationship between distortions and decision-making can be deduced, as there is a need to improve students’ understanding of the risks of cognitive distortions, and seek to enhance the ability of decision-making skills.
Novelty: Decision-making is one of the cognitive processes resulted from multiple-choice. Cognitive distortions influence decision-making skills. Thus, the purpose of this study was to overcome the barriers to negative thinking and to improve student capacity for appropriate and effective decision-making skills. We can obtain this using a direct relationship between cognitive distortions and decision-making skills
MODEL OF HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ACCEPTANCE IN HOSPITALS OWNED BY THE SOCIAL SECURITY ORGANIZATION
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a model of hospital information system acceptance owned by the Social Security Organization.
Methodology: This study was performed Cross-sectional – applied and descriptively and analytically. This study had two stages. The study population was in the first stage (qualitative), information technology experts in the Social Security Organization (6 people) and the second stage (quantitative), users of the hospital information system in medical centres owned by the Social Security Organization (375 people). The first stage of this study was based on interviews with IT experts. The second stage of the study was based on the results of interviews with experts using the design of a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was measured by using the opinion of experts in the field of information technology and health information technology and by calculating the CVR index. Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.941) was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 12 axis and 46 questions with a five-point Likert scale with a score of 5-1. The interviews were analyzed qualitatively (content analysis) and the questionnaires were analyzed descriptively, analytically (correlation) and structural equation method is done with the help of SPSS software.
Main Findings: Evaluation of direct relationships between model factors and hypotheses showed that the relationships between habit with intent to use, intention to use with actual use, increase motivation to use, increase management support, meet user expectations in achieving the expected performance of the system, value the cost to the system and the social impact of co-workers significantly increases the intention to use the system. Also, the coefficient of determination R2 for the target variables, which is the intention of use and actual use, were equal to 0.774 and 0.448, respectively. The goodness of fit (GoF) was equal to 0.671. The study of the effect of demographic factors on the target variables (intention to use and actual use) showed that none of the demographic variables has a significant effect on the intention to use and actual use. By considering these factors, the managers of the Social Security Organization can increase the rate of HIS admission in the hospitals and clinics of this organization.
Application of Study: One of the technologies used in the healthcare sector is the hospital information system. It is less developed than other information systems that use information technology and apply quality standards for customer satisfaction. The IT acceptance model is one of the most valid models available that examines the acceptance factors of technology at different levels, including the individual level.
Novelty/Originality: The novelty of this research is giving a model of clinic data framework acknowledgement claimed by the Social Security Organization
WILL I SURVIVE? THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED RISK AND KNOWLEDGE TOWARD HOPE IN THE TIME OF PANDEMIC: STUDY ON INDONESIAN STUDENTS
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to examine participant’s hopes whether the pandemic will end based on the perception of risk concerning vulnerability, severity, and anxiety as well as their knowledge about the pandemic among university students in Indonesia.
Methodology: 431 (20 % male and 80 % female; Age mean = 19.98; SD = 1.421) undergraduate students in psychology were recruited from across university in Indonesia. A battery scale consists of three questionnaires evaluating perceived risk, knowledge, and hope were administered using the online survey. A multiple regression analysis was applied to examine the hypotheses.
Main Findings: The results demonstrated that perceived risk and knowledge emerge as significant predictors of hope. The results also showed that there was a negative relationship between the dimension of perceived risk and hope. There was no significant correlation between health knowledge and hope. The results indicated a statistically significant model of regression. However, this study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between health knowledge and hope.
Applications of this study: The psychological aspect of risk perception and knowledge could be acknowledged as important variables to enhance the hope of university students to face this pandemic.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study offers a further explanation about the scope of earlier research in the field of hope in pandemic -19. It also provides a new research paradigm to the area of perceived risk by introducing understudied individual factors, such as knowledge associated with the hope of facing the pandemic among college students