Gyandhara International Academic Publication (GIAP): Journals
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HOW DO THE ECB MEETINGS AFFECT THE STOCK VALUATIONS OF FOUR IBEX35 BANKS?
No full textPurpose: Analyze the data and draw there were any relevant conclusions between the meetings of the central bank and the movements of the banking corporations in the stock market.
Methodology: To carry out this study, it was necessary to obtain two extremely important data sets (exact dates of the ECB meetings, stock market valuations of the four banking entities understudy). Both were obtained by searching on specialized websites. Then a comparison of the variations, a correlation table, which will allow us to mathematically affirm whether there is a linear relationship and proportionality between the variations of the banks or not, were analyzed.
Main Findings: The results obtained indicate that such influence on the part of the European Central Bank on the financial entities listed on the IBEX35 does not exist, since the variations between bank shares are random and maybe would be better explained by other hypotheses or inputs.
Application of Study: This work discards the hypothesis proposed by the student, although it manages to find other interesting relationships between banks because of the correlation analysis carried out in the analysis part of the work.
Novelty/Originality: Establish the relationship between the meetings of the central bank and the movements of the banking corporations in the stock market
ρ-PROJECTIVE AND σ-INVOLUNTARY VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES AND IMPROVED PROJECTION METHOD FOR PROJECTED DYNAMICAL SYSTEM
No full textPurpose of study: To introduce the concept of projective and involuntary variational inequality problems of order and respectively. To study the equivalence theorem between these problems. To study the projected dynamical system using self involutory variational inequality problems.
Methodology: Improved extra gradient method is used.
Main Finding: Using a self-solvable improved extra gradient method we solve the variational inequalities. The algorithm of the projected dynamical system is provided using the RK-4 method whose equilibrium point solves the involutory variational inequality problems.
Application of this study: Runge-Kutta type method of order 2 and 4 is used for the initial value problem with the given projected dynamical system with the help of self involutory variational inequality problems.
The originality of this study: The concept of self involutory variational inequality problems, projective and involuntary variational inequality problems of order and respectively are newly defined
SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION AND REDUCTION IN FAMILY SIZE IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the study: The present study examines the association between education and reduction in family size in district Peshawar.
Methodology: The results are based on the data gathered from 384 sampled respondents belonging to 6 communities that included 3 each from rural and urban areas of District Peshawar. The chi-square test was applied for statistical analysis.
Main Findings: The study found a positive trend among the sampled families towards the decrease in family size which found the norm in the selected area where many respondents were still considering a large number of children as the blessing of Almighty Allah. The major role this regard was played by the education of the sampled respondents through generating more awareness about small family size along with increased exposure to norms favoring a decrease in family size. It was also influenced by more communication among the sampled couples. The education further enabled the sampled respondents to get more information about family planning and the institutions designed to promote family planning in Pakistan. It ultimately motivated the respondents to use contraceptives to decrease family size.
Applications of this study: The study recommends promoting and enhancing the trend through a campaign for bringing a change in the attitude and action of the people towards making a family size required for the country.
The originality of this study: This study will be helpful for policy Implications.
 
A NEXUS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the study: The empowerment of women is an important aim for them to be fully engaged in economic life and to achieve sustainable growth worldwide. One form of empowerment is to provide women with basic facilities.
Methodology: The study also analyzed the impact on women's empowerment by primary data taken via multi-phase cluster sampling methods of household socio-economic and cultural characteristics in Punjab. Given the diversity of nature and context, the 6-dimensional empirical polychoric principles of empowering women generate a stringent cumulative index of women's autonomy.
Main Findings: The empirical findings show that empowering women and their six-dimensional effects are positive for women's years and jobs, legal advertisements, health care institutions, social participation, safe, smooth surroundings, communication, politics and residential negative participation, unpaid housekeeping, and the fear of violence. The results show that women's empowerment is positive.
Applications of this study: This study can be more effective in the manner that to offer women free advice about their rights through electronic media, the government should establish an integrated legal cell with the local government.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research contribution in the field of women empowerment that how women can deal with legal advisory, to get jobs, protection in health and institutions
SEMI-STRONG FORM EFFICIENCY OF GOLD MARKET: COLLECTIVE RATIONALISATION AND ISLAMIC CALENDAR ANOMALY
No full textPurpose: The current study aimed to test the impact of two religious months on the return behaviour of the gold market in Pakistan under informational efficiency hypothesis i.e. to empirically test the semi-strong form of EMH in gold market for religious calendar anomaly.
Methodology: Weekly gold prices in rupees per one gram that prevailed in Pakistan for the period January 2007 till December 2015 were selected, summing up to 468 observations. Data was taken from World Gold Council and the Bullion-rate database. Event methodology was employed for capturing and analyzing the pre and post event reactions by calculating abnormal returns. Furthermore, average security return variability was employed for robustness check.
Main Findings: Opposing results were achieved for both the lunar calendar occurrences where the gold market is inefficient for the month of Ramazan but is found efficient in Muharram's case concluding into mixed evidence and findings.
Implications/Applications: The contribution of this study differs from previous gold studies in two aspects; first the research investigated the effect of Ramazan and Muharram as Islamic calendar events, and second is that gold market prices of Pakistan that had not been examined earlier. So this study is adding to the literature in the sense of examining the new relationship in Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Extensive literature can be found about the global gold market that tested the weak form efficiency, but empirical evidence related to the semi-strong form efficiency of the gold market in Pakistan is not available neither the calendar anomaly related to the gold market is available. The dynamics of this very highly valuable and volatile asset market require investigation of such type
AN ENHANCED IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE FOR HIGH-SECURITY COMMUNICATION
No full textPurpose of the study: We propose an approach to hide data in an image with minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE) and maximum Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT).
Methodology: The methodology used by us considers the application of Discrete Wavelet transform to transform the values of the image into a different domain for embedding the information to be hidden in the image and then using Singular Value decomposition we decomposed the matrix values of the image for better data hiding.
Main Findings: The application of the SVD function gave the model a better performance and also RED pixel values with the High-High frequency domain are a better cover for hiding data.
Applications of this study: This article can be used for further research on applications of mathematical and frequency transformation functions on data hiding. It can also be used to implement a highly secure image steganography model.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The application of Discrete Wavelet Transform has been used before but the application of SVD and hiding data in the H-H domain to obtain better results is original
UTILIZATION OF REMITTANCES ON HOUSE CONSTRUCTION: GROUND REALITIES AT VILLAGE KHOHAR DISTRICT GUJRAT, PUNJAB PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the study: This study aims to find out local perception for utilization of remittances on the construction of luxurious houses in Village Khohar. Further, it aims to document the causes of international migration from this village. This study focuses on the chain migration from Pakistan to South Africa and to highlights the socio-economic status attached with showoff wealth through the construction of luxurious houses.
Methodology: For this study qualitative anthropological research methods including in-depth interviews; informal discussions; and focused group discussions were used to collect empirical data. For this study, 23 migrants were selected through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted from the selected population for which a semi-structured interview guide was used.
Main Findings: There is a history of migration from this village, residents of the village migrate and financially contribute to their left-behind families. The migrants spent billions of rupees on the construction of luxurious houses in which their left-behind family members live a comfortable life. The geographical and environmental reasons are important factors for international migration.
Applications of this study: This study can help academicians, researchers, demographic experts, financial planners as well as policymakers to understand the factors associated with international migration along with the local perceptions about showoff wealth through the utilization of remittances. This study will also be valuable for the remittances beneficiary countries like Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Wealth is a symbol of status in traditional areas of Pakistan. The showoff wealth is associated with prestige. This topic is novel in terms of traditional and cultural practices for the utilization of wealth (remittances) on the construction of luxurious houses. The subject of this study was underexplored in the context of Pakistan in terms of the symbolic relationship between prestige and construction of luxurious houses
RELATIONSHIP AMONG LIFE SATISFACTION, SELF-ESTEEM, AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN
No full textAbstract
Purpose of the study: This research study explores the relationship between life satisfaction, self-esteem, and academic performance of university students.
Methodology: A quantitative approach was used to explore the relationship among life satisfaction, self-esteem, and academic performance of university students. In this study, a survey method was employed to collect quantitative data on life satisfaction, self-esteem, and academic performance from 575 students studying in three different public universities of Punjab (Pakistan). A self-esteem scale as a survey instrument initially developed by Rosenberg (1965) and a life satisfaction scale developed by Gilligan and Huebner (2002) were used to collect data. A third scale was developed by the researchers to measure the students’ academic performance. The assembled data were statistically examined using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation by using SPSS 20th Version.
Results: Findings of the study reveal that the level of life satisfaction among university students is comparatively higher than the presence of self-esteem and academic performance. Findings of the study show significant positive associations of university students’ academic performance with their life satisfaction and self-esteem.
Applications of this study: This study helps strengthen the factors that promote university students’ academic performance.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study is to explore the relationship among life satisfaction, self-esteem, and academic performance of university students for strengthening different dimensions of life satisfaction and self-esteem which ultimately promote university students’ academic performance
RELIGIOUS OBLIGATIONS AND MORAL DILEMMAS: A FEMINISTIC PERSPECTIVE OF IBSEN’S PLAY A DOLL’S HOUSE
No full textPurpose of the Study: This research paper attempts to examine the play A Doll’s House through the perspective of challenges faced by the protagonist against moral authority and censorship and her resilience in the face of difficulties.
Methodology: The research paper proposes to make use of the secondary data including related articles and web sources. The data collected are words, phrases, clauses, and sentences related to women's problems and their struggles found in the play.
Main Findings: Nora revolts against male-formulated social structure repressing women in the name of religion, conventions, and breaks the framework set up by men and she dashes for a liberated life. The finding of the study is that through the play, we learn how important the interplay of religion and free spirit is to Nora’s evolution.
Applications: This paper can be used by literary scholars and students.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research paper has used the contrasting forces of moral obligation and the free spirit of Nora to see how they have helped Nora to come out from a rosy-colored view of her dream world. The present study demonstrates how the protagonist feels entrapped and suffocated in her home, forced to live a life of false hope due to the impositions placed on by her husband and the patriarchal society which resultantly creates a feeling of isolation
DECIPHERING THE FAIRYTALE: DECONSTRUCTION OF ROMANCE THROUGH THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF IN PYGMALION
No full textPurpose: This study examines Eliza’s character in Bernard Shaw’s play Pygmalion and her construction of self through the deconstruction of romance in the play.
Methodology: This research is a qualitative study applying the content analysis method. A qualitative research design was adopted to investigate and look at various traits of the main character and her evolution to become an independent, thinking, and opinionated individual towards the end. The research data in this paper is drawn from two primary sources: literary books and articles.
Main Findings: The analysis of the text unravels the transformation of the character and her eventual emancipation from the shackles of the expected programmed behavior.
Applications: This paper can be used by literary scholars, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In the past, many researchers have contributed articles on the thematic analysis of Pygmalion, while this paper approached the play from both linguistic and thematic viewpoints and provided insights for other researchers in the field. The insights based on language analysis of Pygmalion presented in this paper can be a model for other researchers in the interdisciplinary fields of language and literature to apply similar approaches to analyze literary texts