Al-Jami'ah - Journal of Islamic Studies (Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta)
Not a member yet
878 research outputs found
Sort by
The Writing of Hadith in the Era of Prophet Muhammad: A Critique on Harun Nasution’s Thought
Get PDFThe discussion regarding the writing of hadith during the life of the Prophet is a contentious topic within the area of Islamic and hadith studies both in the West and in the Islamic world. Orientalists write their work on hadith with a presumption that hadith has never been written during the life of Prophet Muḥammad. They contend that hadith text only emerged in the third century of Hijrah, i.e. in the era of al-Bukhāri. A few others believe that it started in the era of Malik of the Umayyad. This orientalist’ mindset affects some Muslim intellectuals who accept this premise. One of them is Harun Nasution, a well respected great mind who wrote a book entitled Islam Ditinjau Dari Berbagai Aspeknya (Islam Viewed from Various Aspects). However, historical evidence demonstrates that the writing of hadith was carried out at the time when the Prophet was still alive. A number of sheets were discovered, which contain hadith text compilations narrated by the companions of the Prophet, such as the Ṣahīfah of ͑Ali bin Abi Ṭalib, Ṣahifah of Jābir bin ͑Abdillah, and others. Some scholars have misunderstood the message in a saying of the Prophet that prohibited the writing of hadith. They have ignored other hadith that negated the previous hadith by which the Prophet allowed the writing of hadith in his life time. Even though there are a number companions who did not write hadith in this period, it does not mean hadith were not allowed to be written, but it was due to their own preference not to write the hadith.[Perdebatan tentang penulisan hadits masa kehidupan Nabi tetap menjadi tema yang hangat dalam kajian keislaman dan kajian hadits, baik di barat maupun di dunia Islam sendiri. Beberapa orientalis berpendapat bahwa hadits tidak ditulis pada masa Nabi Muhammad. Mereka menyebutkan teks hadits mulai muncul abad ketiga hijriah, misalnya pada era Bukhari. Lainnya percaya bahwa teks hadits dimulai pada masa Malik al Umayyad. Perspektif seperti orientalis ini diterima oleh beberapa intelektual muslim Indonesia, salah satunya Harun Nasution yang menulis buku Islam ditinjau dari Berbagai Aspeknya. Bagaimanapun bukti sejarah menunjukkan penulisan hadits sudah dimulai ketika Nabi masih hidup. Sejumlah lembaran yang mengandung kompilasi teks hadits dari beberapa sahabat Nabi seperti, Ṣahīfah dari Ali bin Abi Ṭalib dan Ṣahifah dari Jābir bin ͑Abdillah. Sejumlah akademisi keliru dalam memahami pesan Nabi yang melarang menuliskan hadits. Mereka mengabaikan hadits yang menegasikan hadits sebelumnya yang membolehkan penulisan hadits selama hidup Nabi. Meskipun ada sejumlah sahabat yang melarangnya, namun ini bukan berarti hadits tidak diijinkan untuk ditulis, tetapi hal ini lebih terkait dengan masing-masing referensi untuk tidak menuliskannya.
The Spread of Muslim Feminist Ideas in Indonesia: Before and After the Digital Era
Get PDFInternet has changed the way how knowledge is spread. This paper describes the spread of Muslim feminist ideas in Indonesia. It answers the questions of what constitute feminist ideas, how Muslim feminist ideas spread before and after the Digital Era and what challenges and opportunities provided by the internet that hinder and help the spread of these ideas. Muslim feminism has spread in Indonesia since the early 1990s through the translation of the works of non-Indonesian Muslim feminists such as Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer and Amina Wadud. Since 2010, the increasing use of internet among Indonesians has made the spread of Muslim feminist ideas faster. However, it is challenging that conservative groups also mobilized the internet to oppose Muslim feminist ideas. Another challenge is that not all Indonesian Muslims have easy access to the internet and therefore Indonesian Muslim feminists still have to adopt various offline media such as seminars or radio to spread their ideas. [Internet telah mengubah cara penyebaran pengetahuan. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan penyebaran ide-ide feminis Muslim di Indonesia. Artikel ini akan menjawab pertanyaan tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan ide-ide feminis Muslim, bagaimana ide-ide feminis Muslim tersebar sebelum dan sesudah Era Digital dan tantangan serta kesempatan apa yang diberikan oleh internet yang menghalangi dan membantu penyebaran ide-ide ini. Feminis Muslim telah tersebar di Indonesia sejak awal tahun 1990-an melalui penerjemahan karya-karya Muslim feminis yang bukan dari Indonesia seperti Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer dan Amina Wadud. Sejak tahun 2010, meningkatnya penggunaan internet dikalangan orang Indonesia telah membuat penyebaran ide-ide Muslim feminis lebih cepat. Akan tetapi, terdapat tantangan yaitu bahwa kelompok konservatif pun menggunakan internet untuk menentang ide-ide feminis Muslim. Tantangan lainnya adalah bahwa tidak semua Muslim Indonesia memiliki akses yang mudah terhadap internet, oleh karena itu para feminis Muslim Indonesia masih juga harus menggunakan berbagai media di luar jaringan seperti seminar atau radio untuk menyebarkan ide-ide mereka.
Khilāfah in the View of Nahdhatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, and Nahdhatul Wathan (NW) Ulema in Lombok
Get PDFIndonesia is a multiethnic and religious state anchored in the five state principles, Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. However, its stability has recently been disrupted by the emergence of khilāfah propagated by the banned Islamic organization, the Hizb al-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). The concept of khilāfah proposed by the organization violates against the state’s ideology of Pancasila. Such a phenomenon is of paramount importance to examine. Hence, this qualitative study aimed to explore the concept of khilāfah from the perspectives of Islamic ulema from the three prominent Islamic mass organizations, the biggest mass organination, Nahdhatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, and Nahdhatul Wathan (NW) on the island of Lombok. Drawing on the data garnered from the observation, interviews, and documentation that analyzed suitable with its’ substation of the writing. Finally, the findings of this writing showed that the three Islamic mass organizations generally denied khilāfah as a state system. NU firmly rejected the khilāfah system because it more likely pertained to extremism. For the same token, Muhammadiyah denied the concept, but welcomed it as a culture, while NW opposed it as being contradictory to the republic in that khilāfah belongs to the empire system.[Indonesia merupakan negara multietnik dan agama yang dinaungi oleh Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Namun stabilitasnya sempat terganggu dengan kemunculan wacana khilafah yang dipropagandakan oleh HTI. Konsep khilāfah ini yang kemudian diperhadapkan dengan ideologi Pancasila dan menjadi fenomena yang penting untuk dielaborasi. Dalam artikel ini akan mengeksplorasi konsep khilāfah ulama dari tiga organisasi massa Islam, NU, Muhammadiyah dan NW di Lombok. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan arsip menunjukkan bahwa tiga ormas Islam tersebut menolak khilāfah sebagai sistem negara. NU menolaknya karena cenderung mirip dengan ekstremisme. Muhammadiyah juga menolaknya sebagai sistem tetapi masih bisa menerima sebagai budaya. Sedangkan NW menolaknya karena kontradiksi dengan sistem republik dan mirip dengan sistem kerajaan.
Maqāṣidi Tafsir: Uncovering and Presenting Maqāṣid Ilāhī-Qur’anī into Contemporary Context
Get PDFThis writing discusses maqāṣidi tafsīr (the interpretation that represents God’s intention). It endeavors to answer three questions: Firstly, what are models of maqāṣidi tafsīr that are in circulation? Secondly, what are their strengths and weaknesses? Thirdly, what are the true forms of maqāṣidi tafsīr? Historical approach is employed to answer the first question, whereas critical hermeneutics and philosophy are used to discussed the second and third questions. Using the intellectual history, the process of the formation of maqāṣidi tafsīr will be discovered; critical hermeneutics will uncover its strengths and weaknesses; and new frameworks will be formulated for contemporary contexts using philosophical hermeneutics. It is expected from this writing that maqāṣidi tafsīr will remain theologically, epistemologically and hermeneutically well-established so that it will be considered as one of alternative approaches in the Quranic studies. Three conclusions are drawn from this writing: firstly, maqāṣidi tafsīr is in the process of becoming a theory for studying the Qur’an. Secondly, maqāṣidi tafsīr does have strength and weaknesses. It originates from Islamic tradition, and becomes a kind of alternative-moderate between two extreme tafsīrs: textual and liberal-substantialist. Still, it is not yet well-established in term of theology, epistemology and hermeneutics. Third, maqāṣidi tafsīr combines three approaches in locating what God wants in the Quran, because it is not only textual, ideal-moral, but also spiritual-substantial. [Artikel ini membahas tafsir maqāṣid dengan menjawab tiga pertanyaan yaitu seperti apa model tafsir maqāṣid yang beredar saat ini, apa kelemahan dan kelebihan dari model tersebut, dan bagaimana bentuk tafsir maqāṣid yang sebenarnya. Pertanyaan pertama dijelaskan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan pertanyaan kedua dan ketiga dijelaskan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutika kritis dan filosofis. Sejarah intelektual digunakan untuk menelusuri proses pembentukan tafsir maqāṣid sedangkan hermenuetika kritis digunakan untuk menilai kekuatan dan kelemahan serta hermeneutika filosofis untuk mereformulasi kerangka baru sesuai konteks kontemporer. Artikel ini mencoba meyakinkan secara teologis, epistemologis, dan hermeneutis bahwa tafsir maqāṣid akan semakin mapan dan bisa menjadi alternatif pendekatan dalan studi Qur’an. Tiga kesimpulan dalam artikel ini adalah pertama, tafsir maqāṣid sedang berproses menjadi sebuah teori dalam studi Qur’an. Kedua,meski mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan, pendekatan ini bisa menjadi alternatif moderat antara tafsir tektual dan liberal-subtansialis. Terakhir, pendekatan ini menggunakan tiga kerangka pikir dalam memahami maksud Tuhan dalam Qur’an, teks, ideal moral dan juga spiritual substansial.
Stuck in Sharia Space: The Experiences of Christian Students to Reside in Langsa, Aceh
No full textThis article examines the problem of spatial access for Christian students of Samudera University as experiences of minorities in Langsa, Aceh. This article argues that Aceh’s public space that is formed by religious identity, leads dichotomy of citizenship in social life. Using life story method, this article explores the problem of Christian students of Samudera University to reside in Langsa. The results show the formation of space by displaying a single identity has polarized majority-minority in public space. Finally, this article also shows that the formation of space by displaying a single identity created an imbalance space for minority, and compelling minority to create alternative space.[Artikel ini membahas persoalan akses ruang berdasarkan pengalaman mahasiswa minoritas Kristen di Universitas Samudera, Langsa, Aceh. Artikel ini berargumentasi bahwa ruang publik Aceh terbentuk oleh identitas religius yang berujung pada dikotomi kehidupan sosial penduduknya. Dengan pendekatan life story, artikel ini menjelaskan masalah yang dihadapi mahasiswa Kristen yang tinggal di Langsa, Aceh. Dalam kesimpulannya menunjukkan bahwa formasi ruang publik terbelah dan tidak seimbang antara identitas mayoritas dan minoritas, dimana identitas minoritas terdesak untuk menciptakan ruang alternatif baru.]
Implementation of Indonesian Islamic Family Law to Guarantee Children’s Rights
Get PDFThis paper aims to discuss and observe the legal practice of child protection, particularly, custody and the legal attitude in Muslim society and of the parents, specifically in Indonesia. Deploying a socio-legal approach, it is clear that theoretically, through a number of laws and regulations, the state has provided legal protection to children in terms of custody, as well as from violence. In practice, the legal rights to custody are hardly obtained by children in either legal decisions or executorial steps. The paper argues that the failure of this legal protection is due to the problem of case settlement in the Islamic (religious) court, which tends to be more administrative than judiciary, and that theoretically to provide justice, the work of judges must not only be certain, but also judicial. This paper also analyses the reasons why judges in Religious Courts tend to be more oriented toward administrative issues than judiciary ones. One reason is that the atmosphere of the Religious Courts (PA) now supports administrative decisions more than judicial ones.[Artikel ini membahas dan mengamati praktik hukum perlindungan anak khususnya penjagaan dan perilaku hukum pada orang tua dan masyarakat muslim di Indonesia. Terlepas dari pendekatan sosiologi hukum, secara teoritis negara memberikan perlindungan hukum pada anak dalam kerangka penjagaan dari kekerasan melalui sejumlah hukum dan peraturan. Dalam praktiknya, hak penjagaan sulit didapatkan oleh anak baik dalam bentuk putusan atau eksekusinya. Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa kegagalan tersebut terkait dengan penyelesaian kasus di pengadilan agama, yang cenderung administratif daripada substantif, meski secara teoritis tetap mendorong keadilan, dan kerja hakim bukan hanya memberikan kepastian hukum tetapi juga kemanfaatan. Artikel ini juga membahas alasan putusan hakim pengadilan agama cenderung berorientasi administratif daripada substantif. Salah satu alasannya adalah atmosfir pengadilan agama yang lebih mendukung putusan administratif..
Islam and Humanity: Commodification of Aid for Rohingya in Aceh
Get PDFThis study examines how Rohingya refugees in Aceh in 2015-2016 received assistance and the role of Islamic philanthropic institutions in providing aid. The paper shows that through the media, Islamic philanthropic institutions have successfully advocated for Rohingya rights and raised the issue as a religious issue so that they have collected large donations. Also, this paper finds a discrepancy between the information conveyed by the media and the reality in the field, showing significant efforts in the commodification of humanitarian aid and abuse of religion.[Artikel ini membahas bagaimana pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh periode 2015-2016 mendapatkan bantuan dan peran dari lembaga filantropi Islam dalam penyediaan bantuan tersebut. Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa lembaga filantrofi Islam berhasil mengadvokasi hak Rohingya melalui media dan mengkaitkan dalam isu agama sehingga mendapatkan donasi yang berlipat. Selain itu dalam artikel ini juga menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian antara informasi di media dengan kenyataan di lapangan, bahkan terdapat indikasi komodifikasi bantuan kemanusiaan dan penyalahgunaan agama.]
An Islamic Spiritual Alternative to Addiction Treatment and Recovery
Get PDFThe Islamic spirituality permeating the practice of Muslim religious beliefs, values, and norms, is positioned to play a pivotal role in addiction prevention, treatment, rehabilitation therapy and recovery of Muslim addicts. This study seeks to explore potential interconnections between spirituality, addiction treatments, recovery, and the ways and means with which Islamic spirituality may assist addicts in coping with inner urges, relapse, and recovery. This study seeks to lay the groundwork for future theoretical and empirical research on spirituality and addiction, development of spirituality-based addiction programs, and the assessment of related current spiritual philosophies, methods, and strategies. This inquiry discusses spirituality as a source of meaning-making and purpose cultivation, self-discipline, motivation, support, reintegration, and related issues arising in these regards, and highlights the need for utilizing spirituality as a critical instrument in addiction treatment programs. Islamic spirituality however is neither – and should not be considered - a sole treatment scheme, nor does it appreciate absolute reliance on non-spiritual means of recovery in favor of positivistic empirical methods. [Spiritualitas Islam meresap ke pelbagai praktik keberagamaan, nilai dan norma, yang mana hal ini juga berperan penting pada pencegahan, pengobatan, terapi rehabilitasi dan pemulihan kecanduan pada umat muslim. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi potensi keterkaitan antara spiritualitas, penyembuhan kecanduan, pemulihan dan cara serta sarana spiritualitas Islam dalam membantu pecandu mengelola kondisi batin, ketika kambuh dan pemulihan. Studi ini berusaha meletakkan dasar bagi penelitian teoretis dan empiris dimasa depan tentang spiritualitas dan kecanduan, pengembangan program kecanduan berbasis spiritualitas, dan penilaian filosofi, metode, dan strategi spiritual terkait. Artikel ini membahas spiritualitas sebagai sumber pembentukan makna dan penggalian tujuan, disiplin diri, motivasi, dukungan, reintegrasi, dan isu-isu terkait yang timbul dalam hal ini, dan menyoroti kebutuhan untuk memanfaatkan spiritualitas sebagai instrumen penting dalam program perawatan kecanduan. Spiritualitas Islam bagaimanapun juga bukan–dan tidak boleh dianggap–satu-satunya skema pengobatan, tapi juga tidak tergantung mutlak pada sarana pemulihan non-spiritual yang mendukung metode empiris positivistik.
Differing Responses to Western Hermeneutics: A Comparative Critical Study of M. Quraish Shihab’s and Muḥammad ‘Imāra’s Thoughts
Get PDFThis article deals with Muslim scholars’ responses to Western hermeneutics and its application to the Qur’an. It focuses on the thoughts of two thinkers, i.e. M. Quraish Shihab from Indonesia and Muḥammad ‘Imāra from Egypt, and discusses them in a comparative critical way. On the basis of the available data, its author comes to the following conclusions. First, the two scholars have different receptions of the Western hermeneutics. While ‘Imāra rejects it totally only because it is rooted in the Western tradition that is different from the Islamic tradition, Shihab accepts it with some considerations on the basis that it can widen horizons of Qur’an interpreters, so that they might understand the Qur’an in a more careful way. Second, ‘Imāra’s arguments for his rejection of it are not strong enough, and even constitute misunderstandings of hermeneutical theories, whereas Shihab’s arguments can be considered more plausible, even though in some cases he does not give enough elaborations. Third, these responses have a certain impact on the dynamics of hermeneutical approaches in Indonesia. [Artikel ini membahas respon ilmuwan muslim mengenai ilmu hermeneutik barat dan penerapannya pada Qur’an. Tulisan ini fokus pada dua pemikir muslim yaitu M. Quraish Shihab dari Indonesia dan Muḥammad ‘Imāra asal Mesir serta mendiskusikannya dalam kerangka perbandingan kritis. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pertama, dua ilmuwan tersebut berbeda dalam penerimaan hermeneutik barat. ‘Imāra menolak sepenuhnya karena berakar pada tradisi barat, sedangkan Shihab menerimanya dengan beberapa pertimbangan selama dapat memperluas cakrawala penafsiran Qur’an dan dapat memahaminya dengan berhati-hati. Kedua, argumen penolakan yang diajukan ‘Imāra tidak cukup kuat dan kadang terdapat kesalahpahaman teoritikal, sedangkan argumen Shihab lebih masuk akal, walaupun dalam beberapa bagian ia tidak memberikan penjelasan lebih lanjut. Ketiga, kedua respon ilmuwan tersebut mempunyai dampak signifikan pada dinamika pendekatan hermeneutik di Indonesia.
On the Normalization of Diplomatic Relationship Between Israel and Muslim Countries: A Study of Classic Fiqh and Contemporary Fatwas
Get PDFThis article discusses the different legal opinions of Muslim scholars of various trends in the past and modern time, on the normalization of diplomatic relationship between Muslim countries and Israel. The article aims to compare among these different opinions and also to clearly define the common and specific argument on which they agreed, as well as to accurately define the points of disagreement. The focus of study will be the theoretical reasons as well as practical effects, through the analysis of fatwas and their context. The exploration will give the reader a clear understanding of the nature of these differences yet the conflicting arguments among them. This article follows the methodology of the jurisprudential and contextual analytical comparison. The research questions will follow this logical sequence: what are the general opinions of Muslim religious scholars regarding the issue of diplomatic normalization with Israel? what are the areas of agreements and differences between them? and what are the current fatwas and their reasons for their opinions in the perspective of Islamic law? However, in some points, due to its actual and comprehensive argument as well as the worldwide circulation, Yusuf al-Qaradhawi’s legal opinion and fatwa will be cited and referred longer than others as examining stone and completing legal validity and representing contemporary logics of prominent Muslim jurist. The article concludes some points of theoretical differences, similarities and practical implications as well as recommendations of notifications for future study. [Artikel ini membahas perbedaan pendapat antar sarjana muslim mengenai trend di masa lalu dan kini tentang normalisasi hubungan diplomatik antara negara muslim dan Israel. Artikel ini membandingkan perbedaan opini dan dan juga menjernihkan titik kesepahaman dan ketidaksepahaman yang disepakati bersama. Fokus pembahasan mulai dari aspek teoritis hingga efek praktis melalui analisis fatwa dan konteksnya. Pembahasan juga memberikan pemahaman bagi pembaca keadaan yang berbeda termasuk argumen konflik diantara mereka. Artikel ini menggunakan metode analisis perbandingan hukum dan kontekstual. Setidaknya ada dua pertanyaan yang akan dijawab yaitu apa pendangan umum sarjana muslim mengenai wacana normalisasi hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel dan apa fatwa terbaru serta penjelasannya dalam perspektif hukum Islam? Dalam beberapa hal, argumen aktual dan komprehensif mengikuti sirkulasi yang lebih luas. Fatwa dan pendapat Yusuf Qaradawi akan dikutip dan dirujuk lebih banyak sebagai pijakan serta validasi dan representasi komplit logika kontemporer bagi pemikir muslim ternama. Artikel ini menyimpulkan beberapa hal penting terkait perbedaan dan persamaan teoritis serta implikasi praktis, termasuk juga rekomendasi untuk kajian ini ke depan