IAIN (Institut Agama Islam Negeri) Manado Open Journal Systems
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ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE SYSTEM OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Get PDFThe article aims to reveal the form of administration of the Ottoman Empire, which is not much discussed in history books, especially in Indonesia, an administration that seems chaotic. The description and form of administration take from various sources, especially in the collapse and degradation of leadership. The author tries to explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Timar system run by the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Data collection is carried out through literature study, data verification, interpretation, and financial administration chronology writing. The results show that the Ottoman Empire system of government has developed according to its territory-administration of agricultural Land managed by Sipahi and Subasyi. In implementing the Ottoman Islamic Sharia, the judges have the task of settling civil, criminal, and financial cases in coordination with the regional government and the government. At a glance, the Ottoman had a feudal system similar to the West's system at the time, but there were fundamental differences in land ownership. Land tenants in the West have no right to enjoy the harvest, let alone control the Land for generations. Slaves in Western Europe cannot be separated from hereditary Land. They cannot enjoy the agricultural products they have worked for themselves the Timar system's dysfunction results in losses in military, economic, social, and educational procurement. Even though, when analyzed in the Timar system, many support food security. However, this system still illustrates the principle of the land system adopted by Islam, namely Land to the tiller
TIPOLOGI DAN SIMBOLISASI RESEPSI AL-QUR’AN DI PONDOK PESANTREN MIFTAHUL HUDA RAWALO BANYUMAS
Get PDFAbstract: The Qur'an is actually a holy book that contains moral teachings to guide man to the straight path. Only, when the Qur'an in consumption by the public, the book is undergoing a paradigm shift so treated, diresepsi, and expressed vary according to the knowledge and belief respectively. The expression, of a concrete indicator that the Koran is a holy book that is always in tune with the situation and the condition (s}a>lih{ li kulli zama>n wa maka>n). The reception-style models and even now continues to be expressed and preserved by a large family of Miftahul Huda Islamic Boarding School Rawalo Banyumas. This study aims to find out the reception of the Qur'an in the boarding school, as well as trying to understand the meaning inherent in it. This study was designed with qualitative method and included in the research field. In obtaining the data, the researchers use an instrument that is in-depth interviews, observation, and study of the relevant documents. The analysis used by researchers is, as submitted by Mohd. Soehadha, ie the reduction of data, display of data, and conclusion. In clarifying the validity of the data, researchers conducted the extension of participation, and triangulation of sources and methods. From the research conducted, the results obtained are: (1) diversity reception of the Qur'an in Miftahul Huda Islamic Boarding School Rawalo Banyumas, among others: (a) reception exegesis of the Qur'an in the recitation Book Jalalain; (b) the aesthetic reception of the Qur'an contained in calligraphy at the hostel students and ndalem caregivers; (c) functional reception of the Qur'an manifested in the tradition of the reading of Al-Wa> qi'ah and Ya>si>n; and (d) reception eternalitas Qur'an embodied in various practices of preservation of the Qur'an, such as deposit bi al-naz{ri and bi al-hifz{i, sima'an, and mura> ja'ah. (2) The meanings inherent in the diversity reception, among others: objective meaning, the meaning of expressive and documentary meaning. Objective meaning conclude that behavioral diversity reception in the boarding school is as a symbol of obedience and reverence to the rules cottage. Expressive meaning is as a form of internalization yourself with positive things through the process of learning the Qur'an continuity and meaning to his documentary is a form of local contextualization of the cultural system overall.Keywords: Reception, Al-Quran and Miftahul Huda Islamic Boarding school.Abstrak: Al-Qur’an sejatinya merupakan kitab suci yang berisi ajaran-ajaran moral sebagai huda—petunjuk—bagi manusia ke jalan yang benar. Hanya saja, ketika Al-Qur’an sampai dan dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat, kitab suci tersebut mengalami pergeseran paradigma sehingga diperlakukan, diresepsi, dan diekspresikan secara berbeda-beda sesuai dengan pengetahuan dan ideologinya masing-masing. Fenomena tersebut nampaknya dapat dijadikan indikator konkret bahwasannya Al-Qur’an merupakan kitab suci yang senantiasa relevan dengan segala situasi dan kondisi (s}a>lih{ li kulli zama>n wa maka>n). Ragam resepsi tersebut bahkan kini terus diekspresikan dan dilestarikan oleh keluarga besar Pondok Pesantren—kemudian disebut Ponpes—Miftahul Huda Rawalo Banyumas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ragam resepsi Al-Qur’an di Ponpes tersebut, serta berusaha memahami makna yang melekat di dalamnya. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan termasuk dalam jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Dalam memperoleh data, peneliti menggunakan berbagai instrument, seperti wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi atau studi atas dokumen terkait. Analisis yang peneliti gunakan adalah sebagaimana yang disampaikan Mohd. Soehadha, yaitu dengan reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Di dalam mengklarifikasi keabsahan data, peneliti melakukan perpanjangan keikutsertaan, serta triangulasi sumber maupun metode. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ragam resepsi Al-Qur’an yang ada di Ponpes tersebut antara lain: (a) resepsi eksegesis; (b) resepsi estetis; (c) resepsi fungsional; dan (d) resepsi eternal. Resepsi eksegesis mewujud dalam kajian kitab tafsir Jalalain, resepsi estetis mewujud dalam kaligrafi di asrama dan ndalem pengasuh, resepsi fungsional mewujud dalam pembacaan surat-surat “idaman,” dan resepsi eternal terejawantahkan dalam pelbagai praktik preservasi Al-Qur’an, seperti setoran bi al-naz{ri dan bi al-ghaib, sima’an, dan mura>ja’ah. (2) Makna-makna yang melekat dalam ragam resepsi tersebut, antara lain: makna objektif, makna ekspresif, dan makna dokumenter. Makna objektif menyimpulkan bahwa ragam perilaku resepsi di ponpes tersebut adalah sebagai simbolisasi kepatuhan dan ketakziman terhadap peraturan pondok. Makna ekspresifnya adalah sebagai wujud internalisasi diri dengan hal-hal positif melalui proses pembelajaran Al-Qur’an yang berkelanjutan, dan makna dokumenternya adalah sebagai bentuk kontekstualisasi lokal dari sistem kebudayaan yang menyeluruh.Kata Kunci: Resepsi, Al-Qur’an, dan Ponpes Miftahul Huda Banyumas
Relevansi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Pengarusutamaan Gender
Get PDFAbstrak: Artikel ini membahas relevansi pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam berbasis pengarusutamaan gender. Sesuai dengan Instruksi Presiden nomor 9 tahun 2000, sudah semestinya setiap lembaga pemerintah menerapkan pengarusutamaan gender sebagai landasan membuat kebijakan dalam pembangunan. Hal tersebut juga berlaku di lembaga pendidikan, di mana pengarusutamaan gender sudah harus diintegrasikan atau setidaknya berkorelasi dengan kurikulum pembelajaran. Salah satu mata pelajaran wajib yang perlu mengintegrasikan konsep kesetaraan gender dalam pembelajarannya adalah pendidikan agama islam, karena dalam banyak kasus menyebutkan pemahaman agama yang tidak sensitif gender seringkali membawa dampak sosial yang merugikan perempuan, menghadirkan stereotipe, diskriminasi, marginalisasi dan melanggengkan budaya patriarki di masyarakat. Jenis penelitian ini berbasis kepustakaan atau library research dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Adapun hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pengarusutamaan gender sangat urgen dimasukkan dalam kurikulum pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam karena terbukti membawa dampak signifikan dalam perubahan cara pandang pendidik dan peserta didik.Abstract: This article focuses on the relevance of learning Islamic religious education based on gender mainstreaming. In accordance with Presidential Instruction number 9 of 2000, every government agency should have implemented gender mainstreaming as a basis for making policies in development. This also applies in educational institutions, where gender mainstreaming must be integrated or at least correlated with the learning curriculum. One of the compulsory subjects that need to integrate the concept of gender equality in learning is Islamic religious education, because in many cases it is stated that the understanding of religion that is not gender sensitive often brings social impacts that are detrimental to women, presenting stereotypes, discrimination, marginalization and perpetuates a patriarchal culture in society. Sources of data were obtained from books and journal articles related to the research focus. The results show that gender mainstreaming is very urgent to be included in the Islamic religious education curriculum because it has been proven to have a significant impact in changing the perspectives. Kata Kunci: pengarusutamaan gender, kesetaraan gender, pembelajaran PAI
SOCIAL CONFLICT DUE TO THE CONTROVERSY OF MOSQUE’S QIBLA DIRECTION IN SEJIRAM VILLAGE, SAMBAS REGENCY
No full textDetermination of the direction of Qibla precisely becomes very important, especially when preparing for the construction of a mosque. A mosque that the course of Qibla can determine deviates from its intended direction; this is because of many factors, such as measurement and calculation errors, tool use errors, or errors due to the construction of the Mosque. Deviation in the direction of Qibla of a mosque can cause social conflict, such as happened in Sejiram Village, Sambas Regency, in 2010-2011. This study aims to describe the social conflict that occurred in Sejiram Village due to the controversy of the direction of the Mosque’s Qibla and its impacts. This research is qualitative research with a pattern of field research through in-depth interviews to obtain primary data. Based on this research, it found that young people wanted a change in the direction of the Mosque’s Qibla after it proved to the deviant. On the other hand, older people rejected it. The social conflict has an impact on the loosening of relations between parties who got involved in the conflict. However, this conflict turned out to have a positive effect, namely increasing public knowledge about the importance of accuracy in Qibla direction, encouragement to increase understanding in worship, and slowly reducing traditions that not suggested in Islam
ZAKAT DISTRIBUTION POLICY OF UMAR BIN KHATTAB AND COVID-19 CRISIS
Get PDFThis research aims to analyze the distribution of the zakat policy of Umar bin Khattab and to relevance it with the condition of the pandemic of COVID-19 in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with content analysis and library research techniques. The result showed that Rasulullah SAW has confirmed to those who he made as zakat takers to distribute zakat assets taken from the rich to the poor, not returned and stored into the state treasury, which is then allowed to distribute zakat out of the area where zakat is collected due to certain factors which the priest or leader deems emergency, such as a disaster and a drought that has caused local residents to have difficulty getting supplies of much-needed staples and drinks. So it can be concluded that: (1) among the forms of Umar bin Khattab’s zakat distribution policy are: (a) distributing zakat outside the area where the zakat is collected, (b) paying great attention to illat in determining mustahik, (c) setting priorities distributing zakat and alms to the poor; (2) various policies of Umar bin Khattab have strong relevance to the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis
WARNA DALAM AL-QUR’AN PERSPEKTIF FAKHR AL-DIN AL-RAZI
Get PDFAbstract: Colour has a very important role in human communication with the outside world, even more in the function of memory and brain development. Therefore, comprehension and recognition of an event is strongly influenced by the colours which exist. The focus of this research is the thematic character. It is a discussion that takes a certain theme in the Qur'an and will only be limited by mufassir (a figure). By conducting research on the figures of his work, taking his thoughts and understanding comprehensively, namely Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. A step that will be taken is to collect the verses of the Qur’an which talks about colour, then thoroughly explore how the interpretation is made by Imam al-Razi related to these verses.Keywords: Colour, interpretation. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Abstrak: Warna memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam komunikasi manusia dengan dunia luar, terlebih lagi dalam fungsi daya ingat, dan perkembangan otak. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman dan pengenalan sebuah peristiwa sangat dipengaruhi oleh warna yang ada. Fokus kajian penelitian ini adalah tematik tokoh, tematik tokoh merupakan pembahasan yang mengambil tema tertentu dalam Al-Qur’an kemudian hanya akan dibatasi oleh mufassir (tokoh). Dengan cara melakukan penelitian tokoh dari karyanya, mengambil pemikiran dan pemahamannya secara komprehensif, yaitu Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. Langkah yang akan dilakukan adalah dengan mengumpulkan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang berbicara mengenai warna, kemudian mengupas tuntas bagaimana penafsiran yang dilakukan oleh Imam al-Razi terkait ayat-ayat tersebut.Kata Kunci: Warna, Tafsir, Fakhr al-Din al-Raz
METODE PEMBELAJARAN DISCRETE TRIAL TRAINING (DTT) UNTUK MELATIH KEMAMPUAN BERWUDHU BAGI ANAK AUTIS
Get PDFABSTRACTEducation is the right of every citizen regardless of any physical abnormality to form people who are faithful and devoted to God Almighty, have a noble character, are healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become democratic and responsible citizens. Thus, children with special needs have the right to get an education, including religious education as a solution in order to achieve these goals. Therefore, this study aims to train the ability of ablution for children with autism so that they can worship like children in general. This study uses the literature study method, namely by making observations on relevant library books and scientific articles and then concluding. The results of this study indicate that the Discrete Trial Training learning method has a positive impact on practicing ablution for children with autism, marked by a good response. In this method, there is a repetition of the behavior. Appropriate behavior is rewarded, while inappropriate behavior does not receive a reward, thus stimulating to show the expected behavior.Keywords: Discrete Trial Training, Wudu, Autism ABSTRAKPendidikan merupakan hak setiap warga negara tanpa memandang kelainan fisik apapun dengan tujuan membentuk manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab. Dengan demikian, anak berkebutuhan khusus memiliki hak untuk mendapat pendidikan, termasuk pendidikan agama sebagai solusi dalam rangka mencapai tujuan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melatih kemampuan berwudhu bagi anak autis agar dapat beribadah seperti anak pada umumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka, yaitu dengan melakukan observasi pada buku-buku perpustakaan dan artikel ilmiah yang relevan kemudian disimpulkan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran Discrete Trial Training memberi dampak positif dalam melatih kemampuan berwudhu bagi anak autis ditandai dengan adanya respon yang baik. Dalam metode ini terdapat pengulangan tingkah laku. Tingkah laku yang sesuai mendapat hadiah sedangkan tingkah laku yang tidak sesuai tidak mendapat hadiah sehingga merangsang untuk menunjukkan tingkah laku yang diharapkan.Kata Kunci: Discrete Trial Training, Berwudhu, Auti
Implementasi Penjaminan Mutu di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam; Studi Multisitus di MAN Model 1 Manado, MAN 1 Kotamobagu dan MAN 1 Kota Bitung
Get PDFPenelitian ini bermaksud untuk memperoleh pemahaman dan informasi terkait implementasi penjaminan mutu pendidikan di lembaga pendidikan Islam yaitu pada Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Model 1 Manado, Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Kotamobagu dan Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Kota Bitung. FOkus penelitian ini adalah pada proses implementasi penjaminan mutu, dampak penjaminan mutu, faktor pendukung dan penghambat penjaminan mutu dan solusi yang dapat ditempuh untuk mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi dalam penjaminan mutu.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi multi situs. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara mendalam yang dilengkapi dengan teknik dokumentasi dan observasi. Analisis data yang digunakan meliputi proses alur kegiatan yang terjadi secara bersamaan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Implementasi penjaminan mutu telah dilaksanakan dengan mengoptimalkan sumber daya madrasah yang tersedia. Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Model 1 Manado memiliki lembaga penjaminan mutu yang secara khusus melakukan kegiatan penjaminan mutu, sedangkan 2 situs yaitu Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Kotamobagu dan Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Kota Bitung tidak memiliki unit atau lembaga penjaminan mutu yang terorganisir namun pelaksanaan penjaminan mutu didelegasikan kepada Wakil Kepala Madrasah dan tenaga yang ditunjuk oleh Kepala Madrasah. Secara umum, implementasi penjaminan mutu di madrasah mengacu pada standar nasional pendidikan. (2) Dampak penjaminan mutu pendidikan di Madrasah terlihat pada meningkatnya prestasi siswa di bidang akademik, seni, dan olahraga sehingga memberikan penegasan bahwa madrasah memiliki kualitas yang tidak kalah bersaing dengan sekolah lain. (3) Faktor Pendukung penjaminan mutu di antaranya adalah dukungan peran Kepala Madrasah dalam menjalankan kepemimpinannya, semangat dan motivasi tenaga pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, dukungan pemerintah dan Kementerian terkait, dan dukungan masyarakat. (4) Faktor penghambat penjaminan mutu pendidikan di Madrasah di antaranya adalah keterbatasan tenaga, fasilitas, sarana dan prasarana madrasah, dukungan dana dan dampak buruk dari perkembangan teknologi dan informasi
Manusia Dalam Perspektif Al-Quran (Suatu Tinjauan Pendidikan Islam)
Get PDFAbstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa manusia dalam kaitannya dengan pendidikan. Manusia adalah makhluk ciptaan Tuhan yang memliki potensi untuk dapat berkembang ke arah yang positif sekaligus memiliki potensi untuk berkembang ke arah yang negatif. Demikian pula keberadaan manusia di dunia yang dilengkapi dengan dua unsur, yaitu unsur jasad dan ruh, realitas yang mendasari dan prinsip yang menyatukan apa yang kemudian dikenal sebagai manusia bukanlah perubahan jasadnya melainkan keruhaniannya. Hal itu dapat dicapai jika potensi yang ada dalam dirinya diarahkan kepada yang positif melalui pendidikan. Abstract : Humans In Al-Quran Perspective (An Overview of Islamic Education). This study aims to analyze humans about education. Humans are creatures of God who can develop positively and have the potential to create an adverse order. Likewise, human existence in a world equipped with two elements, namely the aspects of the body and spirit, the underlying reality, and the principle that unites what became known as a human being was not a change in his body but his spirituality. This can be achieved if the potential in him is directed to the positive through education. Kata Kunci : Manusia, Perspektif al-Qur’an, Pendidikan Islam
IMPLEMENTASI Al-MASYAQQOH Al-TAJLIBU Al-TAISYIIR DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
No full textAbstrac: The purpose of this study is to explain the meaning of “al-masyaqqoh al-tajlibu al-taisyiir”, the implementation of these principles during the Covid-19, to find out the understanding of the Manado people about these principles and finally to describe the response of the Manado Muslim community to the MUI fatwas, especially Friday prayers. 'at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research used an exploratory case study method and the research approach was qualitative. The informants who were interviewed were 15 people from 5 mosques consisting of imams, ta'mir, and congregation of mosques, interviews were conducted by telephone, because they were worried about contracting the virus when interviewing face to face. Research results: People are still not familiar with the rules of al-masyaqqoh al-tajlibu al-taisyiir, what they know is the term 'emergency', but the term emergency is too narrow and has very limited meaning, which is only limited to life-threatening things that result. by the absence of food. In practice, al-masyaqqah must be adapted to the conditions and situations, at least there are two conditions, namely al-masyaqqah al-'Azhimmah, and al-masyaqqah al-Khafifah. Regarding the MUI fatwa, there are agree and disagree in the community, some have responded positively and some have refused.Key words: Understanding, Perception, Al-Masyaqqoh Al-Tajlibu Al-Taisyiir, MUI Fatwa, Covid-19 Pandemic. Abstrak:Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan makna al-masyaqqoh al-tajlibu al-taisyiir, implementasi kaedah tersebut pada masa pandemi covid-19, mengetahui pemahaman masyarakat Manado tentang kaedah tersebut dan yang terakhir untuk mendeskripsikan respon masyakat muslim Manado terhadap fatwa MUI khususnya shalat jum’at di masa pendemi covid-19. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus eksplorasi dan pendekatan penelitiannya menggunakan kualitatif. Informan yang diwawancarai sebanyak 15 orang dari 5 mesjid terdiri dari imam, ta’mir, dan jama’ah masjid, wawancara dilakukan melalui telepon, pertimbangannya karena kekhawatiran terjangkit virus apabila wawancara dengan tatap muka. Hasil penelitian: Masyarakat masih belum mengenal kaedah al-masyaqqoh al-tajlibu al-taisyiir, yang mereka tau adalah istilah ‘darurat’, tetapi istilah darurat pun terlalu sempit dan sangat terbatas dimaknainya, yaitu hanya terbatas pada hal-hal yang mengancam jiwa yang diakibatkan oleh ketiadaan makanan. Dalam prakteknya, al-masyaqqah harus disesuaiakan dengan kondisi dan situasi, minimal ada dua keadaan yakni al-masyaqqah al-‘Azhimmah, dan al-masyaqqah al-Khafifah. Terkait dengan fatwa MUI terjadi pro dan kontra di masyarakat ada yang menanggapi positif dan ada yang menolak.Kata Kunci: Pemahaman, Persepsi, Al-Masyaqqoh Al-Tajlibu Al-Taisyiir, Fatwa MUI, Pandemi Covid-19