Journal of Tropical Crop Science
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Yield and Physicochemical Characteristics of Kaffir Lime Leaf Essential Oils Subjected to Different Post-Harvest Treatment
Get PDFThe importance of kaffir lime leaf as essential oils (EOs) raw material is starting to get attention because of its commercial value; however, there is no quality reference for kaffir lime leaf EOs, especially in response to various post-harvest handlings. This study aimed to describe the physicochemical characteristics and yield of kaffir lime EOs subjected to different post-harvest. Bogor originated-kaffir lime leaf was prepared to be subjected to several post-harvest treatments, i.e., control/fresh green leaves (P1); milling to produce green leaf flour (P2); drying to produce dry brown leaf (P3), and milling and drying to produce brown leaf flour (P4). The result showed that post-harvest treatment generally decreases an oil yield and increases darkness color, specific gravity and refractive index of tested EOs. Additionally, post-harvest treatment also changes metabolite profile revealed by GCMS analysis. The relative percentage of caryophyllene and citronellol tends to increase, while the linalool and citronellal levels decrease due to tested post-harvest treatment. It was implied that for the benefit of the fragrance industry with a high citronellal requirement, EOs should be made from fresh green leaves and the leaves should be avoided from drying and powdering treatment
Evaluation of Agronomic and Genetic Diversity in M2V1 Generation of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
Get PDFMarigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is an ornamental plant widely used as a potted or cut flower due to its vibrant colors and diverse flower shapes. High genetic diversity is essential for successful breeding programs aimed at developing superior varieties. Genetic information can be obtained by estimating variance components and heritability values, key parameters in plant breeding. A high heritability value suggests that genetic factors influence a plant's characteristics more than environmental factors. This study assessed the genetic diversity and performance of vegetative propagation from 2nd generation mutant plants (M2V1). The research was conducted at the Pasir Sarongge experimental field in Cianjur Regency from July to October 2023, using a randomized complete block design with 17 genotypes and three replicates. The genotypes included 14 from vegetative propagation of M2V1 mutant plants and three comparison varieties: “Maharani”, “BAIP 2”, and “BAIP 3”. Data analysis was performed using PKBT-STAT 3.1 software, followed by the honest significant difference (HSD) test at the 5% level. The results revealed significant differences among genotypes in plant height, stem diameter, canopy width, leaf width, flower weight, flower diameter, number of flowers per plant, total flower weight per plant, and flower stalk length. Floret types observed were either all ligulate or all tubuligulate, with flower colors ranging from orange to yellow to white. Traits such as canopy width, flower weight, flower diameter, and stalk length, which exhibited broad genetic diversity and high heritability, can be used for selection in future marigold breeding programs
Effects of Different Priming Treatments on The Germination and Growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Get PDFThe study was designed to overcome the low germination of okra seed and to assess the effects of different seed priming treatments on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seedlings, which were encompassed nine treatments: control, hydro priming, SMP-sand metrix priming, H2SO4 - 40%, H2O2 - 2%, NaCl - 3%, KCl - 3%, CaCl2 - 3%, and KI - 1%. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Germination percentages, germination speed index (GSI), seedling vigor index (SVI), and relative growth rate (RGR) were measured. The highest germination percentage (89.77%) and GSI (9.6) were observed with (H2O2 - 2%). T3 (H2SO4 - 40%) exhibited the highest SVI (0.7), indicating robust seedling health. Additionally, H2O2 - 2%. demonstrated the longest root and shoot length (11.7 cm and 14.2 cm, respectively) and highest seedling fresh weight (0.87 g). Treatment with H2SO4 - 40% displayed the highest dry weight (0.18 g). Notably, H2O2 - 2% treatment significantly enhanced germination and growth compared to the control. These findings underscore the potential of seed priming, particularly H2O2 - 2%, in enhancing okra seedling growth and development, offering valuable implications for crop productivity and establishment
Effects of Seed Rate on Seed Multiplication Ratio, Seed Quality And Yield of Malt Barley Seed Classes Under Irrigated Conditions in Northwest Amhara
Get PDFField experiments were conducted to identify seed rate enhancing seed multiplication ratio, seed quality and yield on Ibone (174/03) malt barely variety performance in Koga district during 2019 and 2020 irrigation seasons. Three seed classes (breeder, pre-basic and basic seeds) and seed rates (40, 60, 80 and 100 kg.ha-1) were compared. The experimental design randomized complete block in factorial arrangement with three replications. Analysis of variance was showed that the interaction effect of seed class and seed rate was not significant (P>0.05) for the parameters of days to maturity, plant height, spike length, seed yield, seed multiplication ratio and thousand seed weight. The study result depicted that seed rate had brought significant effect on the seed yield and multiplication ratio of malt barely. Results indicated that lower seed rates gave better seed multiplication ratio in the districts. Increasing seed rate from 40 to 80 kg.ha-1 has increased seed yield from 3356.1 kg.ha-1 to 3696.8 kg ha-1 though seed yield difference between seed rates of 60 and 80 kg.ha-1 was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). Increasing seed rate from 40 to 60 kg.ha-1 has continuously improved seed yield from 3356.1 to 3592.1 kg.ha-1 in all seed class in the districts, but the difference was statistically non-significant. In conclusion, seed rates as low as 60 kg.ha-1 can be used at all seed classes to accelerate early generation seed multiplication within the fast track variety release program in Western Amhara Region
Identification of Whitefly Species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Invaded Coconut Palms in Sri Lanka
Get PDFThe current whitefly invasion is becoming a growing threat to coconut palms in Sri Lanka and will severely influence coconut production in the country. To effectively manage this problem, it is crucial toidentify the specific species that have invaded the coconut palms in the country to accordingly provide appropriate solutions. The taxonomy of the whitefly is mainly based on the characters of the pupae. Thus, a field survey was conducted in 2023 to identify the key whitefly species that invaded the coconut palms and their host range in Sri Lanka. The colonies of infested whiteflies were collected from coconut palms in different coconut-growing areas of Sri Lanka, and the pupae were slide-mounted and identified up to species level using taxonomic keys. Further, diagnostic characters of each species and host range were documented. The whitefly species found on the coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) were identified as Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, Aleurodicus dispersus, and Aleurotrachelus atratus. A. atratus was discovered only from the C. nucifera. A. dispersus and A. rugioperculatus were reported from 5 and 24 host plant species including the coconut from 5 and 18 different families respectively
Study of Germination and Seedling Growth of Piper guineense
Get PDFNatural regeneration of black pepper (Piper guineense Schumach and Thonn) through seeds is poor and cultivation by local farmers is very limited since it is usually collected from the wild. High demand has put a pressure on its population in our declining forests and a call for domestication of non-timber forest plant species is ongoing. This study identified germination requirements, germination characteristics and seedling growth of Piper guineense with a view to providing information on its propagation from seeds. There were two major pre-sowing treatments - Fresh or dry fruits or seeds. Germination and seedling growth parameters were measured for all treatments. Results showed that Piper guineense seeds undergo epigeal germination, the radicle developing into three-legged hairy rootlets. The highest percentage germination, germination rate and germination index were recorded in the treatment with fresh seeds planted in petri dish. The dry seeds and fruits recorded no germination even after 38 days of planting. For seedling growth, the developing leaves have a higher sink strength between the fourth and fifth month of development and this stage may be crucial to the growth of the seedling. Piper guineense seeds must be sown fresh for germination to take place
Effectivity of borate micro fertilizer on yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Get PDFBoron (B) is one of the most essential nutrients for fertilization and the production of fruits and seeds, however the availability of boron in soil is very limited. The aim for this experiment is to test the borate micro fertilizer to improve the growth and production of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The fertilizer used in this experiment is borate micro fertilizer which contain 46% or 460 g.kg-1 B2O3. The experiment was conducted at Cibadak Village, Sukaresmi District, Cianjur Regency, West Java Province. Treatments in this experiment were arranged within five rates of fertilizer, which are: without fertilizer (P0); 0.5 rate of Borate fertilizer (0.5 B) (P1); 1.0 rate of Borate fertilizer (1.0 B) (P2); 1.5 rate of Borate fertilizer (1.5 B) (P3); and 2.0 rate of Borate fertilizer (2.0 B) (P4). The result showed that the treatment of 0.5 to 2.0 rate of borate micro fertilizer can produce growth characteristics and plants that are better compared to the control treatment. Applicating 0.5 rate of borate micro fertilizer even has the capacity of yielding production up to 48.960 kg.ha-1. The 0.5 rate of Borate micro fertilizer treatment was concluded as the most effective one compared to other treatments, due to its capacity to produce the highest relative agronomical effectivity value, which is 152%. The recommended rate of Borate fertilizer is 25 kg.ha-1 given by soil drench at 15 and 30 DAP (days after planting) with the concentration is 1.5 g.L-1 and the volume is 250 ml/plant
Utilization of Plasma Technology to Control Weed Seed Germination
Get PDFEfforts to reduce herbicide use include employing cold plasma technology, which produces heat energy from UV plasma rays using a combination of electrical power. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of plasma technology in controlling weeds and to identify the optimal voltage and duration for using cold plasma technology to inhibit seed germination. The study was conducted at the Ecotoxicology Laboratory and Seed Propagation Laboratory of IPB in Bogor, Indonesia, from January to March 2023. It comprised two experiments: (1) testing the voltage and time duration of cold plasma technology and (2) examining the effect of electrode needle distance on mustard seeds. The first experiment followed a completely randomized design with plasma voltage and time duration as the treatments. The second experiment used a single-factor completely randomized design to investigate the electrode needle distance. Each experiment included four replications. The results indicated that a voltage of 140 kV with a duration of 80 seconds could suppress mustard seed germination by up to 100%. Additionally, using an electrode needle distance of 0.5 cm reduced the germination percentage of mustard seeds by up to 100% at 7 and 14 days after treatment
Enhancing Leaf Flavonoid Production in Indian Camphorweed (Pluchea indica Less.) through the Provision of Chicken Manure
Get PDFIndian camphorweed (Pluchea indica Less.) leaves exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, indicating significant potential for the pharmaceutical industry. This research aimed to determine the optimal rates of chicken manure for enhancing leaf and total flavonoid production in Pluchea indica. The study took place at the IPB Experimental Station in Bogor, Indonesia,spanning from July to October 2023. A completely randomized block design with a single factor (chicken manure doses) was employed: 0, 2.5, 5, or 7.5 kg per plant. Each treatment comprised three replications, each consisting of 20 plants. The results revealed that the application of chicken manure at 2.5 kg per plant led to significantly taller plants, more leaves, and tertiary branches compared to the control group. Specifically, the 2.5 kg dosage significantly increased the nitrogen content of the 7th leaf and the potassium content of the 3rd leaf. Meanwhile, the application of 5 kg of chicken manure per plant significantly boosted phosphorus content in the 3rd and 7th leaves and potassium content in the 5th and 7th leaves. However, no significant differences were observed in total flavonoid and antioxidant activity across all leaf positions with chicken manure application. Plants receiving 5 kg of manure demonstrated the highest fresh leaf weight (81.64 g) and dry weight (38.27 g), which were significantly greater than those receiving 2.5 kg per plant or no manure. Despite these variations, flavonoid production per plant did not show a significant difference with manure application
Growth and Production of Cassavas in Intercropping System with Cowpeas
Get PDFCassava is one of the most important commodities worldwide, serving as a crucial food source due to its rich content of nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, calcium, and magnesium. Cassava is a perennial crop with slow growth, necessitating the selection of intercrops with shorter harvest periods. Cowpea, a legume high in protein, is widely cultivated and suitable for intercropping with cassava. Intercropping these crops involves adjusting planting distances to optimize yield. This study aims to determine the optimal planting distance in an intercropping system that yields the highest productivity for the cassava variety “Mangu” and the cowpea varieties “Albina” and “Uno”. The research was conducted from January to June 2023 at the IPB Experimental Farm in Sawahbaru, Dramaga, Bogor, on Latosol soil, at an altitude of 207 meters above sea level. The study utilized a randomized complete block design with a single factor: the intercropping system pattern. The patterns tested were 1:2 (one row of cassava with two rows of cowpea) and 1:3 (one row of cassava with three rows of cowpea), consisting of: P1: “Mangu” and “Uno” 1:2; P2: “Mangu” and “Uno” 1:3; P3: “Mangu” and “Albina” 1:2; P4: “Mangu” and “Albina” 1:3; P5: “Mangu” monoculture; P6: “Uno” monoculture; P7: “Albina” monoculture. The results indicated that the P3 planting system yielded the highest crown height at 1, 5, and 6 months after planting (MAP), the highest canopy diameter at 4 months after planting, tuber production, and 100 seed weight of cowpea. The P4 system produced the highest stem diameter, number of leaves, number of pods, pod dry weight, and seed dry weight at 9 months after planting