Journal of Tropical Crop Science
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Effect of Different Blended Fertilizers Formulae for the Productivity of Sesame at Bench Maji Zone, South Ethiopia
Get PDFSesame productivity in our country Ethiopia is low due to unbalanced fertilization and soil fertility degradation beyond disease and lacking using an improved variety of sesame. The experiment was conducted for two growing seasons to identify the effects of different blended fertilizer formulae applications on sesame yield and yield components at Menit Goldia. The treatments are control, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and boron (NPSB) formula 1 = 46 kg.ha-1 N, 54 kg.ha-1 P,10 kg.ha-1 S, and 1.07 kg.ha-1 B; formulae 2 = 69 kg.ha-1 N,72 kg.ha-1 P,13 kg.ha-1 S, and 1.4 kg.ha-1 B, formula 3 = 92 kg.ha-1 N, 90 kg.ha-1 P, 17 kg.ha-1 S, and 1.7 kg.ha-1 B. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The application NPSB formula resulted in the highest sesame yield and yield component as compared to the control. The economic analysis demonstrated that the maximum net benefit with the highest marginal rate of return was obtained due to the application of formula 3 as compared to control, therefore formula 3 is recommended to grow sesame at Menit Goldia and other areas with similar environment
Potassium Fertilizer Application Rates for Fertigated Edamame Grown on Low-K Soils
Get PDFEdamame, a legume consumed fresh as a vegetable, is highly nutritious, particularly protein-rich, and holds significant economic value. However, its cultivation faces challenges, especially on dry land, due to water scarcity and limited nutrient availability, particularly potassium (K). This study, which investigated the impact of potassium fertilization rate on edamame cultivation, underscores the need for further research. The study utilized a single factor, potassium fertilization rate, arranged in a completely randomized block design. Potassium rates consist of 0% X, 50% X, 100% X, 150% X, and 200% X, where X represents the recommended potassium fertilization rate according to the dry soil test device (DSTD) guidelines. Each treatment was replicated five times. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level, and any significant effects were further examined using orthogonal polynomial and regression analysis. The results indicated that potassium fertilizer rates did not significantly affect edamame height, pod weight per plot, and marketable yield. However, the study identified the optimal potassium fertilizer rate, which was between 83%X and 119%X, equivalent to 83–119 kg.ha⁻¹ of KCl (50–72 kg.ha⁻¹ of K₂O). This range positively increased total branch yield, productive branches, number of flowers, pod weight per plant, number of pods per plant, and plant dry weight, producing a quadratic response pattern. The study recommends further research to optimize potassium fertilizer doses based on DSTD recommendations, particularly at a low K nutrient status, to maximize marketable yields through fertigation
Effects of Gibberellin on Physical and Chemical Quality of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Fresh Fruit Bunches
Get PDFThe quality of crude palm oil (CPO) is influenced by the quality of fresh fruit bunches, crop culture, and postharvest handling. A delay in fruit processing can cause physical damages to the fresh fruit bunches. Gibberellic acid (GA3) can potentially reduce the physical damage due to delayed processing of the fresh fruit bunches. Our study aims to determine how GA3 affects the physical and chemical quality of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. The fresh fruit bunch samples were collected from the IPB-Cargill Palm Oil Education and Research, Jonggol, Bogor, Indonesia. This study used a randomized complete block design that consisted of four concentrations of GA3: 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 ppm. GA3 application reduced fruit loss, respiration rate, and maintain fruit moisture and firmness, increased the oil content, and stabilize the free fatty acid content. GA3 concentration of 12.5 ppm is the optimal concentration. Based on the correlation analysis, fruit softness has a strong correlation with free fatty acids
Teff and Wheat Yield Variation With Phosphorus Application In Jamma District, Ethiopia
Get PDFDifferent plant species has different nutrient requirements and utilize nutrients in different ways. Biological activity contributes to P solubilization through mineralization, wheathering, and other physicochemical reactions so that the soil plow layer is the major source of soil availabile P for crops. Ethiopia Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource and ATA recommended six types of blended fertilizers (NPSZnB, NPKSB, NPKSZnB, NPSZn, NPSB and NPS) for the Amhara region. Our study was conducted in Jamma districts of eastern Amhara, Ethiopia, during 2018 cropping season to attest the yield of teff (Dega teff) and wheat (Danda’a) due to phosphorus fertilizer application. Fertilizer treatments tested were the recommended dose of N only, recommended dose of NP, 50 kg.ha-1 NPS, 100 kg.ha-1 NPS, and 150kg. ha-1 NPS, set up in a. randomized complete block design with three replication, and conducted on four sites. Our study demonstrated that applications of N and P fertilizers significantly improved grain yield of wheat and teff, and that there was significant yield differences (P < 0.05) between different rates of P fertilizer. Therefore, even though the soil P levels were shown to be sufficient, application of both N and P fertilizer in the Jamma district is essential to increase yield of teff and wheat
Impact of Tillage Depth and Planting Spacing on Plant Growth and Root Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota L.)
No full textThis study aimed to explore the impact of tillage depth and plant spacing on carrot growth and yield. The experiment followed a two-factor design using a randomized complete block approach, with three replications. Factor A encompassed three tillage depths: 10 cm (D1), 15 cm (D2), and 20 cm (D3), while Factor B included three planting spacings: 25 cm x 5 cm (S1), 25 cm x 10 cm (S2), and 25 cm x 20 cm (S3). Plant height, leaf fresh weight, root length, fresh weight, diameter, and dry weight exhibited significant variations across different tillage depths and plant spacings. The most noteworthy results, including a maximum root length (17.97 cm), diameter (4.07 cm), fresh weight (99.33 g/plant), and dry weight (3.87 g/50 g), were observed in the D3S3 combination. Conversely, the D1S1 combination yielded the least favourable outcomes in terms of these parameters. The incidence of root cracking, rot, and branching in carrots was lowest in the D3S3 combination, followed by other combinations. These issues became progressively more prominent with lower plant spacing and shallower tillage depth. In terms of yields, the highest gross yield (35.67 t/ha) was achieved in the D3S1 combination, while the lowest (20.17 t/ha) was recorded in D1S3. Similarly, the D3S1 combination demonstrated the highest marketable yield (32.67 t/ha), whereas the lowest (17.00 t/ha) was observed in D1S3. The most favourable benefit-cost ratio was associated with D3S1, while the least favourable ratio was linked to D1S3. Notably, yield and yield components saw improvement with narrower spacing, while growth parameters exhibited enhancement with wider spacing. The study's findings suggest that higher tillage depth combined with reduced spacing led to increased gross and marketable yields, whereas lower tillage depth combined with greater spacing resulted in decreased yields. Among the various treatment combinations, the D3S1 combination consistently yielded the highest overall results in terms of yield and marketability
Phytochemical content of Maluku nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) in Inhibiting Skin Pathogenic Bacteria
Get PDFBanda nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is one of the native species of Maluku that has various benefits other than as a cooking spice. Nutmeg, especially its fruit, offers significant advantages in the medical field as a natural dermatological product, effectively treating skin infections caused by pathogens. One such bacterial infection is pyoderma, characterized by the presence of pus-producing bacteria, leading to the formation of pustules or greenish-yellow crusts upon examination. Among the bacteria responsible for skin infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are notable bacterial species that cause skin infections. The active compounds found in nutmeg act as antibacterial agents by interfering with the peptidoglycan components within bacterial cells. This interference results in the formation of intact cell walls, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. This study aimed to identify the bioactive profile of Maluku nutmeg extract metabolites and assess their inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria, specifically P. aeruginosa and MRSA, responsible for skin infections. The study revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds in nutmeg extract, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins. Notably, the application of nutmeg pulp at an 80% concentration proved highly effective in inhibiting bacterial growth, surpassing the efficacy of the positive control. The enhanced effectiveness against MRSA, compared to P. aeruginosa, can be attributed to the higher concentration of secondary metabolites present in nutmeg extracts
Leaf and Flower Characterization of Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.) at Two Locations in Bogor Region, West Java, Indonesia.
Get PDFAbiu is a species introduced into Indonesia from the tropics of the Amazon and has been developing for several years. Information on the characteristics of the abiu plant are still limited compared to other introduced fruit species. This research aims to identify the characteristics of the abiu plants in two locations in the Bogor region, West Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted at Balumbang Jaya village, the sub-district of Dramaga, the village of Mekarsari, the sub district of Cileungsi, Bogor, West Java. Further observation was conducted at Post-harvest Laboratory and Micro Technic Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture IPB. The field study was conducted in January to July of 2018. This research was descriptive and no treatment was applied on the plant samples. Sampling was done randomly with as many as 15 plants at each location. Observations and measurements were conducted on the number of branches, leaves and flowers on 10 samples per plants. The results showed that there is morphological diversity of flowers and leaves at the two locations. The length, width, and weight of leaves and flowers in Balumbang Jaya were larger than those in Mekarsari. Different environments may contribute to the diversity of abiu leaves and flowers in the two locations
Effect of Nutrient Management and Weeds on Incidence of Fungal Diseases in Rice
Get PDFHigh-input, modern agriculture uses large amounts of energy, water, fertilizers, and pesticides to produce high crop yields. One of the major bottlenecks of the modern agriculture in the tropics is substantial yield losses due to fungal diseases including rice blast, leaf spots and leaf scald. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of fungal diseases in judicious nutrient management systems, including organic, integrated, and conventional, under different weed categories during dry season (May to September 2020) and wet season (November 2020 to March 2021). Rice disease incidence were collected for both seasons from 48-84 days after sowing. Additionally, disease incidences on grasses and sedges weeds were also calculated. Brown spot, narrow brown leaf spot, leaf scald, and rice blast incidences were substantial in wet season, while the disease incidences during dry season in 2020 were negligible. The disease incidences were significantly higher (P<0.05) in organic and conventional input systems compared to the integrated input system. Disease incidences of brown spot and leaf scald were found in the dry season. Higher disease incidences were recorded in the wet season than in the dry season. The incidences of the brown spot were higher on sedges than in grasses and vice versa were observed for narrow brown leaf spot disease. Leaf scald incidences were positively correlated with the significant nitrogen status of the rice crop. Disease incidence was low in integrated input system compared to conventional and organic input systems, while weeds were reported as alternative hosts. It can be concluded that the integrated nutrient management with recommended dosage of nitrogen application with proper weed management can lead to low disease incidents, hence is ecologically more sustainable
Twice Applications of Laying Hens Manure Produced the Highest Yield of Organic Okra Pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.)
Get PDFThe optimal okra cultivation using organic fertilizers remains a subject of limited information. This study aimed to assess the impact of applying 18 t.ha-1 of laying hens' organic fertilizer on the morphological and physiological traits of the "Naila IPB" green okra variety. The study was conducted between September and December 2022 at the IPB organic experimental field at Cikarawang, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. A randomized complete block design with a single factor namely frequency of organic fertilizer application, was employed. The factor consisted of four levels: no organic fertilization, 1-, 2-, and 3-times applications. The results demonstrated that a single application of organic fertilizer led to an increase in plant height at 5, 7, and 9 weeks after planting (WAP), leaf number at 5 WAP, root dry weight at 4 WAP, stem dry weight at 10 WAP, and an acceleration in the onset of flowering. This resulted in a flowering period lasting 29.6 days, with a total flowering duration of 69.33 days. In contrast, a two-times application of organic fertilizer resulted in elevated plant height at 11 WAP, an increased leaf number at 11 WAP, heightened leaf potassium content, a greater number of pods per plant, and a higher yield of young pod okra. These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of organic fertilizer application frequency on the growth and yield of young pod okra, aiding in the formulation of improved cultivation strategies
Agronomic Performance of IPB Maize Hybrids and Combining Ability of the Lines
Get PDFMaize is a significant food crop consumed in numerous countries worldwide. Increasing the yield potential of maize can be achieved through the breeding of high-yielding hybrid varieties. The objectives of this study were to assess the performance of hybrid means and parent combining ability for grain yield and other agronomic traits using a line x tester mating design. The study took place at the Gunung Gede Experimental Station of IPB University, Bogor, from June to October 2022. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with a single genotype factor and three replications. Twenty-two hybrids were utilized as genetic materials, including 20 hybrid candidates and two check varieties. Six maize lines (H1, L26, Nei, P2B, and P42) were employed as line parents, while L15 and P10 were used as tester parents in the line x tester analysis. The neighbor-joining tree analysis indicated that the female parent has a significant influence on the agronomic and yield performance of the hybrids. Correlation analysis revealed that the yield is more strongly influenced by ear diameter rather than ear length, and it is more affected by the number of kernel rows than the number of kernels per row. Three selected hybrids with favorable traits were Nei x B1, L15 x L26, and L26 x P10. The parent L26 demonstrated relatively good general combining ability for yield and may be considered for future maize breeding program