Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
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Adaptive changes in immunological, hematological and metabolic profiles of pregnant cows
Get PDFPregnancy triggers a series of complex interactions within the body, involving both the immune system and metabolic processes. In the case of pregnant cows, these mechanisms are essential for supporting the developing fetus and maintaining the overall health of the mother. The aim of the work was to study the hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters of cows at different periods of pregnancy. Research was conducted on cows (Bos Taurus) of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. Groups were formed based on the principle of analogs. The research was carried out using the methodology of group-period experiments. The control group consisted of non-pregnant cows. The first observation period was conducted on pregnant cows with confirmed pregnancy (30 days). The second observation period was carried out at 90 days of pregnancy, the third at 180 days of gestation, and the fourth at 270 days. Laboratory studies included immunological research conducted in the specialized laboratory of immunology for reproduction animals. The first notable observation was the gradual increase in the population of CD3+ lymphocytes from the beginning of gestation, which remained stable until the 90th day of pregnancy and then gradually decreased. The population of B cell immune cells CD22+ had its peculiarities: dynamic and stable growth from the start of pregnancy until the middle of the second trimester (180 days), followed by a gradual decrease until the onset of labor. The redistribution of T and B lymphocytes occurred with dynamic fluctuations in the number of undifferentiated 0-lymphocytes. The processes of transformation and adaptation of homeostasis affected both enzyme activity and indicators of mineral metabolism. Thus, from the beginning of pregnancy (from the 30th day of gestation), the experimental cows showed a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.05), and aspartate aminotransferase activity (P < 0.05). During the pregnancy of cows, body changes occur. From the early period of gestation throughout the entire period of embryogenesis, changes in the system of hematopoiesis, alterations in the activity of enzymes, exchange of Ca and P, accompanied by changes in immunological reactions take place. These processes are adaptive and ensure the maintenance of the homeostasis system. The perspective of further research will aim at studying changes in immunological and biochemical parameters during physiological pregnancy and when it is complicated
Key indicators of beef safety and quality as important aspects of conservation
Get PDFMeat cattle breeding should develop in Ukraine as a priority and independent industry to meet beef needs. The meat industry has enormous potential and, as the most promising and attractive, will take a dominant place in the structure of the domestic food industry in the coming years. Beef is one of the most essential elements of the human diet. It contains complete proteins and animal fats, biologically active substances, mineral elements, and vitamins. The most important feature of food products is their quality and safety indicators, that is, the absence of substances harmful to the consumer's health and pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases. In this regard, veterinary and sanitary expertise and product safety control are of particular importance, as they are necessary to ensure the health of the population of Ukraine. Improving the quality of meat and meat products is a primary task in modern conditions. The implementation of this task depends not only on agricultural but also on processing enterprises. The article presents materials on the study of critical indicators of the safety and quality of beef. The study was carried out as part of the research work of the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology, hygiene, and Expertise: “Monitoring the content of toxic substances in drinking water, feed and their impact on the body of cattle and the quality and safety of products”, state registration number – 0120U101318. The material for the research was the slaughter products of domestic animals, such as cattle, which were supplied to enterprises in the city of Zhytomyr. Pre-slaughter inspection and veterinary-sanitary examination of carcasses and their slaughter products of cattle was carried out following the “Rules of pre-slaughter veterinary examination of animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products”. The study aims to determine the safety and quality indicators of beef obtained in the conditions of meat processing enterprises of the Zhytomyr region. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive survey of beef safety and quality indicators was conducted. As a result of the tests, it was established that the pH level of the meat was 5.7–6.1. Carrying out the reaction with a 5 % solution of CuSO4 in the broth showed that the broth was transparent. A positive response to peroxidase was also detected. The safety parameters corresponded to regulatory documents. Careful control of the safety and quality of beef at every stage of production, starting from the rearing of animals and up to the sale of the product, guarantees a high degree of consumer protection
Microbiological analysis of broiler chicken slaughter products using “Subtiform” probiotic and establishment of safety and technological process criteria
Get PDFFeeding broiler chickens a probiotic biopreparation containing bacteria of the genus Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis leads to improved feed digestion, increased productivity, and immune status, as well as reduced insemination by opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms of slaughter products. It enhances the level of prevention and treatment of various poultry diseases. The purpose of the work is to carry out a microbiological analysis of the slaughter products of broiler chickens after drinking the probiotic biological preparation “Subtiform” in doses of 0.5 g, 2.0, and 4.0 g per 10 dm3 of water. The material (major pectoral muscle and internal organs) was examined by bacteriological methods. It was established that the content of MAFAM in the control and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 of the chilled slaughter products of broiler chickens for 1, 3, and 5 days of storage at a temperature of 0–4 °С was within the limits of standards (no more than 1.0×104 CFU/d). It was established that when broiler chickens were given 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water, the MAFAM content for one day of poultry meat storage decreased by 10.4 % (Р < 0.05); on the third day of storage, it decreased by 9.6 % (Р < 0.05); at the beginning of the fifth day of storage, the decrease was, respectively, by 11.3 % (Р < 0.01) compared to the indicators of the control group. The content of MAFAM in offal, in particular in the heart of broiler chickens, was reduced in experimental group 3 by 36.9 % (Р < 0.001); in the liver – by 33.6% (Р < 0.001); in the muscular part of the stomach – by 27.2 % (Р < 0.001); in the spleen and lungs, there was also a decrease in the content of MAFAM in experimental group 3, respectively, by 20.2 % (Р < 0.01) and 23.6 % (Р < 0.01) compared to the indicators of the control group of broiler chickens. It was established that opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms, in particular BGCP, bacteria of the genus Proteus, and pathogenic microorganisms, in specific bacteria of the genus Salmonella, bacteria of the species Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes in 25 grams of the large pectoral muscle of broiler chickens and internal organs (heart, spleen, liver, the muscular part of the stomach and lungs) were not detected. According to the results of the conducted research, an adverse effect of the probiotic biopreparation at a dose of 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water on the development of microorganisms in the large pectoral muscle and internal organs of broiler chickens was established. Therefore, the probiotic “Subtiform” at a dose of 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water during the drinking of broiler chickens can be recommended to increase productivity and obtain safe slaughter products. The practical value of the work consisted of establishing the microbiological indicators of poultry slaughter products after drinking probiotics, as well as establishing safety criteria and the technological process
Body weight and morphological profile of blood of deer (Cervus elaphus) in the conditions of Polissia Volyn
Get PDFThe homeostasis of the whole organism and the analysis of hematological parameters in red deer (Cervus elaphus) play an essential role in comparative physiology for health assessment and disease diagnosis. The obtained blood results can be the basis for assessing the condition of wild deer populations with an existing clinical picture or characterize the nutritional status, habitat, or other stress factors, as the hematopoietic system is susceptible to any changes in the animal body. In the course of the research, it was found that the body weight of adult deer varied depending on the population. Female deer of the Latvian and Lithuanian crossbreeds and the Eastern European population had the highest weight. As for the males, the animals of the Hungarian population had a higher weight than the English population. A high level of growth intensity in the early postnatal period was characteristic of both young females (body weight gain was in the range of 44.8–45.8 kg) and males (42.6–44.12 kg). The analysis of hematological parameters confirmed that the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin content increased in the blood of animals of the English population under technological stress (by 5.6 and 4.4 %). Regarding individual populations, it was noted that under the same conditions of immobilization of animals (medication), the number of red blood cells in the blood of Latvian crossbred deer was 8.5 % higher than the English population. The hemoglobin content was 5.3 % lower, and the saturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin was 12.9 % lower. It was found that the hematological parameters of 3–4 month-old fawns (females and males) of the English population were characterized by relative stability. Against the background of a tendency to a higher number of red blood cells in females (by 12.8 %), the hemoglobin content was 3.3 % lower than in males. The number of leukocytes in the blood of females was slightly higher than that of males, although no significant deviations were noted in some forms of white blood cells
The effect of disinfectant based on hydrogen peroxide, lactic and perlactic acids on the laboratory rats
Get PDFNowadays, there are many types of disinfectants available on the market. At the same time, an analysis of scientific literature shows the lack of disinfectants based on perlactic acid, which has no less pronounced oxidative properties than the other acids, used for disinfection. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of “Biolide” disinfectant based on hydrogen peroxide, lactic and perlactic acids on the laboratory rats. Different concentrations of this disinfectant was inserted to animals intragastrically, by application on skin and by inhalation (cages processing). Authors identified the LD50, irritant and sensitizing effects, immunological parameters of blood. The LD50 was 5292 mg/kg for male and 5041 mg/kg for female rats after intragastric insertion. This disinfectant had a temporary irritant and sensitizing effects on the skin of rats and no negative effect on the indicators of nonspecific immune response in the form of 0.2 % solution. Studies regarding the SBA and the quantitative content of E and EAC rosette-forming cells (E-RFC and ЕАС-RFC) showed a suppressive effect of not only 2.0 % but also 1.0 % of the biolide solution. This study proved that biolide has no toxicity properties and exhibits temporary sensitizing and irritating effect only in the form of a concentrate. Results of research indicated that this disinfectant belongs to fourth class according to the classification of chemicals by the degree of hazard, which allows its use in the presence of animals
The effect of specific immunoglobulins on sow milk parameters and piglet productivity
Get PDFThe study aimed to assess the effect of the feed additive “Globigen Jump Start” on the performance of lactating sows and piglets at an early age. The study was conducted on a pig farm, where 16 sows of the Velyka Bila breed were selected and divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was added to “Globigen Jump Start” in 1 kg/t of feed. The addition of “Globigen Jump Start” contributed to the improvement of the quality of sows' milk, in particular an increase in the content of protein by 3.21 %, amino acids such as lysine (+8.05 %), and macro- and microelements, including calcium (+1.9 %), and phosphorus (+6.9 %). This led to an increase in the live weight of piglets in the experimental group by 12.38 % on the fifth day and by 10.56 % on the 28th. A decrease in feed consumption was observed in the sows of the experimental group by 2.73 % compared to the control group, and their weight loss during lactation decreased by 5 %. In the piglets of the experimental group, there was an increase in average daily weight gain by 18.52 % and a decrease in the observed. Thus, using “Globigen Jump Start” in rational sows and piglets allowed them to improve their productivity, ensure better growth and development of piglets, and increase economic efficiency over the years
The effect of humic substances on the functional state of internal organs and antioxidant status in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Get PDFOxidative stress and reactive oxygen species imbalance have a multifactorial harmful effect on the cardiovascular system, which leads to dysregulation of calcium channels, formation of fibrosis, apoptosis, hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, as well as inflammatory processes. The role of impaired redox reactions in the body of animals suffering from myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) has not been sufficiently studied. That is why the goal of our research was to study the impact of heart disease on the formation of oxidative stress, as well as to analyse the use of a remedy based on humic substances on the formation of antioxidant protection and the functional state of the organs of the abdominal cavity. The results of our study showed that humic substances do not have a negative effect on kidney function and protein metabolism. Serum levels of electrolytes, namely sodium, potassium, and chlorine, did not show any changes in either group during the study period. The functional state of the hepatobiliary system during the use of humic substances also did not change and did not exceed the threshold values. Thus, the level of ALT on the 21st day of the study in the group of standard therapy (ST) and the group of animals that received humic compounds along with standard therapy (STH) increased by 12.8 % and 20.4 %, respectively. The level of AST in the ST group decreased by 7.9 % and in the STH group it increased by 3.8 %. Indicators of antioxidant protection activity significantly changed by the 21st day of the study in the STH group, so the level of SOD decreased by 25 %, and the level of catalase, on the contrary, increased by 28.5 %. In general, the obtained results indicate the absence of toxic effects of humic substances on the functional state of the hepatobiliary system and kidneys, and demonstrate improvement of the antioxidant protection of the body of dogs with MMVD stage C according to the classification of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Determination of the carcinogenicity of a preparation for external use based on birch tar in white mice
Get PDFThe article presents the results of the study of the carcinogenicity of the veterinary drug “Kubazol” on white rats. This work aims to determine the carcinogenic potential of the drug for external use based on birch tar in an experimental model using white mice. This approach objectively assesses the drug's safety before its further use in veterinary clinical practice. The drug “Kubazol” is a spray for external use solution. 1 ml of the drug contains the active ingredient: birch tar – 40.0 mg – excipients: ethyl acetate, polybutyl methacrylate. The veterinary drug is used for dogs: treatment of animals for skin lesions (wounds, dermatitis, eczema), claw lesions (superficial panaritium, etc.), and postoperative treatment of claws. Horses (sports): treating animals for hoof diseases (corneal arrow suppuration, superficial panaritium), postoperative treatment of hooves. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the drug “Kubazol” (spray for external use, solution) under the conditions of 5-day application to the skin of white mice in doses of 1.0 and 10.0 ml/kg of body weight did not show carcinogenic effects (during microscopic studies, the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes did not have significant deviations from each other and was 0.133–0.150 %, which was within the normal range of 0.2 %). The study of the drug's carcinogenicity for external use based on birch tar opens up new directions for further study of its properties and potential risks. Based on the results obtained, clinical studies are promising. The transition to animal testing considers the data obtained on experimental models for the final confirmation of the drug's safety
Pharmaco-technological research and stability of the drug for the treat-ment and prevention of vitamin and trace element deficiency in animals
Get PDFThe article presents the research results on the Development of manufacturing technology and the study of the stability of a solution for oral use based on carnitine hydrochloride, vitamins – E, B12, choline chloride, selenium, and zinc. “Devivit Carnitine” oral is used for the prevention of diseases of liver and muscle tissue metabolism in farm animals and poultry, nephrosis, myocarditis, prevention of stress (heat, transport, sound, food, post-vaccination, etc.), and prevention of vitamin and hypovitaminosis. When developing the drug technology, experimentally obtained pharmaco-technological properties of active substances and excipients were taken into account. The technological process of preparing an oral solution consists of four technological stages: preparation of canisters for filling, preparation of the solution, filling containers with medicine and packaging. The stability and shelf life of “Devivit Carnitine” (solution for oral use) in plastic canisters were determined. It was established that the drug sample in plastic canisters was stable, according to all quality control methods indicators, during the entire period of the study. The shelf life of the medicinal product with carnitine hydrochloride, vitamins E and B12, choline chloride, selenium, and zinc is 12 months. In the future, a study of preclinical data is planned to verify whether the drug does not reveal a particular hazard for animals based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and developmental toxicity
Efficacy of levamisole against nematode infestations in dogs
Get PDFFor endoparasitic infestations of dogs, drugs based on levamisole hydrochloride are used. That is why the purpose of the work was to conduct a field study to evaluate the effectiveness of the studied drug “Levamizole O.L.KAR 10 %” and the reference drug “Levamizole-plus 10 %” against endoparasitic infestations of dogs of different breeds, ages, and sexes. According to the results of a parasitological examination of the dogs of the experimental and control groups, endoparasites established spontaneous damage, the causative agents of nematodes of the alimentary canal: species Toxocara canis with an intensity of invasion (II) from 110 to 180 eggs in one gram of feces (EGF) with an average intensity of invasion of 149.0 ± 5.62 EGF, species Toxascaris leonina with an intensity of invasion from 75 to 131 EGF with an average intensity of invasion of 104.4 ± 4.85 EGF and the species Ancylostoma caninum with an intensity of invasion from 48 to 92 EGF with an average intensity of invasion of 69.9 ± 3.71 EGF. Clinically, nematodes of the alimentary canal in dogs were manifested by poor appetite, depressed state, pallor of mucous membranes, mild diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss observed in some animals. Based on the obtained results, it was established that the studied drug “Levamizol O.L.KAR 10 %” and the reference drug “Levamizol-plus 10 %” when deworming dogs have a pronounced nematodocidal effect against endoparasites of the alimentary canal, which are caused by the following species: Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonine, Ancylostoma caninum. Thus, the effectiveness of the studied drug “Levamizol O.L.KAR 10 %” for spontaneous toxocariasis infestation in dogs on the seventh day after deworming was 93 %. The reference drug “Levamizol-plus 10 %” was 91 %, and on the 14th day after deworming the animals, the effectiveness of the drugs was 100 %. For spontaneous toxascarosis infestation in dogs, the efficacy of the studied drug “Levamizol O.L.KAR 10 %” on the seventh day after deworming was 95 %. The reference drug “Levamizol-plus 10 %” was 94.4%, and on the 14th day after deworming the animals, the effectiveness of the drugs was 100 %. Helminthological studies have established that for spontaneous hookworm infestation in dogs on the 7th and 14th day after deworming with the study drug and the comparison drug in the recommended doses, the effectiveness of veterinary drugs was 100 %. Field tests showed that the studied drug “Levamizol O.L.KAR 10 %” and the reference drug “Levamizol-plus 10 %” when administered once orally in the recommended doses of the manufacturer, are well tolerated by animals regardless of breed, age, sex, and body weight, not have a toxic effect on the body of animals and are effective against nematodes of the alimentary canal in dogs