Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
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Morphofunctional changes in the heart and lung tissues of dogs for isoniazid poisoning
Get PDFThe article presents the results of macroscopic, histological and histochemical studies of the heart and lungs of dogs for isoniazid poisoning. A pathoanatomical section of 19 carcasses of dogs of different ages and breeds was performed; heart and lung fragments were selected for morphological examination. Heart and lung samples were fixed in 10 % aqueous formalin neutral solution, Carnua and Buen fluids. Dehydration was carried out in ethanol of increasing concentration and embedded in paraffin. The sections were made on a MC-2 microtome 7 μm thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the McManus and Brasche technique. Made histopreparations were examined under a Leica DM 2500 light microscope (Switzerland), photo-fixation was performed with a Leica DFC450C using Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. The results of morphohistochemical studies have shown that in acute poisoning of dogs with isoniazid in the heart prevailed acute disorders of the vascular circulation, manifested by a sharp expansion and destruction of the walls of the venous vessels, plasmorrhagia, microtromb of the capillaries and spasm of the arterioles, which led to the development of swelling, caused acute decrease of protein synthesation function of muscle fibers and dystrophic-necrobiotic changes of cardiomyocytes. It was noted, in the lungs of dogs on the background of acute congestive hyperemia, diapedesis of erythrocytes and accumulation of transudate in the lumen of the alveoli, foci of emphysema and bronchiectasis with rupture of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane, elastic skeleton and muscular tubules of bronchial tubules that indicated the violation of gas exchange and the development of anoxemia. It is known that spontaneous isoniazid poisoning in dogs leads to an acute course and often fatal consequences. In the comprehensive study of the effects of chemicals on the body, and in particular isoniazid on the body of dogs, toxicological and pathomorphological studies are of great importance. The use of morphological and histochemical methods will reveal some of the mechanisms of intoxication
Distribution, etiology and prevention of subclinical mastitis in cows
Get PDFAccording to the results of the diagnostic stage of obstetric examination in 2016–2018, the etiology and pathogenesis of mastitis in 90 cows of FG “Mriia” of Rivne region were analyzed. During the research, 83.3 % of the cows were diagnosed with breast inflammation. Subclinical form of udder inflammation was found in 51.1 %, clinical in 32.2 %, and at the same time hidden and clinical, in the same proportion – in 12.2 % of animals. In the farm, the cause of mastitis, were violations of sanitary and hygienic conditions of keeping cows and systematic technological underdevelopment of specialists in zootechnical and veterinary services. Frequent postpartum pathologies, including postpartum paresis and ketosis, contributed to the development of the disease. The experimental data for the study of the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of “Forticept” udder hygiene products on the condition of the breast, milk quality and cow productivity are presented. The “Forticept Udder Wash” antiseptic is used to prepare the udder for milking, and the “Forticept Udder Forte” film-forming agent is used to preserve udder nipples after milking is completed. It is established that the treatment, before and after milking, of the udder of cows by means of the “Forticept” complex, after 15 days allows to reduce significantly (by 55 %) the number of animals with subclinical mastitis (SFM). Within 30 days of “Forticept Udder Wash” and “Forticept Udder Forte”, the incidence of SFM in the cows of the experimental group decreased from the starting 41.7 % to 19.0–23.0 %. Hygienic treatment of the cows udder with the drugs “Kenopur” and “Kenocidin” did not give the desired effect of reducing the manifestations of SFM: on the 30th day of the experiment, the number of positive milk samples in the control group increased by 4.0 % (up to 54 %). Оn the thirty-day “Forticept” series, only one new case of subclinical mastitis was diagnosed in the experimental group. The preventive effect of “Forticept Udder Wash” and “Forticept Udder Forte” on SFM is 96.0 %, in the preparations “Kenopur” and “Kenocidin” – 70.0 %. Reducing the incidence rate naturally contributed to the increase in daily milk yields, the improvement of milk quality indicators for fats, protein, casein and a decrease in the content of SC, KMAFanM1 and microorganisms. In the animals of the experimental group, the level of somatic cells was 339.14 ± 21.22 thousand/ml by the end of the observation period and was 26.7 % lower than the control group. At that, the number of quarters of the breast with somatic cell content more than 400 thousand/ml of milk decreased in both groups, namely: in the experimental group – by 19.0 %, in the control group – by 15.1 %
Sensitivity of life-long diagnostic methods for geese nematodes
Get PDFThe basis of successful struggle and specific prevention of poultry worms is timely diagnosis, the final stage of which is the detection of the worms themselves, their eggs or larvae at various stages of development. Priority is given to the methods of lifelong laboratory diagnosis of helminthiasis, which are preferably recommended for use in all animal species, including poultry. The aim of this work was to determine the sensitivity of flotation methods of coprovoscopy for geese nematodes. Experimental determination of the efficiency of the well-known methods of flotation and their comparative evaluation of coproovoscopic diagnosis of heterocosis, capillary disease and trichostrongilosis of geese. The main indicator of the diagnostic effectiveness of the methods was the intensity of the invasion and the time spent on the flotation of the samples. The most effective methods for diagnosing geese geoccosis are Kotelnikov-Hrenov (with ammonium nitrate) – at exposures of 20 min and Mallory (with saturated sugar solution) – at exposures of 10–15 min. The rates of invasion intensity were respectively 62.0 ± 4.39 and 59.0 ± 3.47 eggs/g. In the laboratory diagnosis of goose capillary disease, the most sensitive methods were Kotelnikov-Hrenov and Mallory at exposures of 15–20 min, where infestation rates reached 34.0 ± 2.22 and 33.5 ± 2.64 eggs/g, respectively. For trichostrongilosis, the Kotelnikov-Hrenov method showed the highest sensitivity at the exposure of 20 min, the intensity of the invasion was 32.5 ± 3.23 eggs/g. The Mallory method proved to be less effective – at an exposure of 15 min poultry invasiveness was 23.5 ± 1.81 eggs/g. The least sensitive of this invasion was the Fulleborn method (with NaCl), where the intensity of the invasion gradually increased with prolonged exposure and ranged from 10.5 ± 0.5 to 19.5 ± 2.45 eggs/g. Based on the data obtained, it is recommended to use the most sensitive methods and to take into account the exposure, which ensures the concentration of the largest number of nematode eggs on the surface of the flotant when conducting life-long coproovoscopic diagnostics of heterosis, capillary disease and trichostrongilosis of geese
Environmental and sanitary and hygienic aspects of the prevention of wild helminthosis in the contemporary climate change
Get PDFThe intensification of the hunting industry leads to an increase in the number of animals and creates conditions for the spread of invasions, incl. helminthic. The transboundary position of the Western regions of Ukraine contributes to the expansion of the species composition and habitats of helminths, which in the current climate change can complicate the epizootic situation of dangerous invasions. On the basis of the literature and the results of our own research, potential risks to the hunting economy for the emergence of new helminthiasis caused by the species-species have been identified. In the work the influence on the helminth fauna of ungulates, kept under conditions in the aviary, modifying and regulating environmental factors, is analyzed. The modern changes in the phenology and ontogeny of pathogens of mass infestations, first of all in geo-helminths, have been investigated. For the causative agent of dictiocaulosis, prolongation of the seasonality of invasion by larvae has been established. It is shown that the decrease in the extent and intensity of invasion of individual trematodes correlates with the dynamics of their intermediate hosts. The data on the effectiveness of remediation with aqueous solutions of polyhexamethyleneguanidine chloride, landing sites were obtained by decontamination of soil in wildlife clusters, in order to minimize their infestation by nematode larvae. The proposed remedy is an organic compound, does not scare away animals, but by contacting organic and inorganic constituents of the soil and lose their potential toxicity. Efficiency of destruction of larvae of Strongylid and Strongylate in the sample ranged from 78 % to 87 %, and in the surface (up to 5 cm) soil layers – 96–100 %. Research findings should be reflected in planned antiparasitic measures
Determination of acute toxicity parameters of “Zoodizin” disinfectant
Get PDFAn important element in ensuring the epizootic well-being of the poultry industry is disinfection. Modern poultry farming requires a large number of effective disinfectants. It is known that the resistance of microorganisms to the effects of disinfectants is based on a genotypic mechanism. The nature of the formation of resistance to disinfectants and antiseptics is different than antibiotics. With regard to disinfectants, resistance is formed more slowly and the proportion of resistant strains in the population of microorganisms may not be high for a long time. This is due to different mechanisms of formation of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, in the first case – plasmid mechanism, in the second – chromosomal. However, increasing the resistance to the active substance in disinfectants can be widespread, so it is necessary to periodically rotate disinfectants. The goal of the work – to investigate the parameters of acute toxicity of the disinfectant biocide “Zodizin”. The studies were conducted in the laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacy and the Vivarium of Sumy National Agrarian University. The drug “Zodizine” contains: polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride – 21.0 %, alkylldimethylbenzylammonium chloride – 3.0 %. For toxicological examination of the disinfectant, healthy white male rats and white female rats weighing 200 ± 10 g 1.5 years of age were used. In the study of acute toxicity of animals observed daily, noted the general condition of the animals, features of their behavior. Studies have found that the toxic effect of the disinfectant “Zodizin” clinically manifested almost equally in both males and females. The average lethal dose for the rat female was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. Therefore, according to the classification of substances by toxicity, the drug by intragastric administration can be attributed to low-toxic substances. Observations on animals revealed that 1–3 hours after oral administration of the drug in a subtoxic dose in laboratory animals, shortness of breath and inhibition of the central nervous system were noted. Most of them died during the first day. Subsequent observations of the surviving animals indicated that their motor response was suppressed over the next 24–72 hours. Conclusions and prospects for further research: 1. It was found that the average lethal dose of the drug “Zodizin” with oral administration to rats-females was 1000.0 ± 35.0 mg/kg body weight, males – 1033.0 ± 34.3 mg/kg. 2. Experimental studies have proved that the disinfectant “Zodizin” according to GOST 12.1.007-76, belongs to the IV class of danger, that is, to the low-dangerous compounds, and according to GOST 12.1.07 – to the III class of hazard of substances and can be used for disinfection premises where animals and poultry are kept. Further, the sporoсide and corrosion properties of the “Zoodizin” biocide will be studied
The quality of gosling meat depending on the level of lithium in mixed fodders
Get PDFMicronutrients are an important component of a complete poultry feeding. Current detailed feeding standards provide guaranteed feed additives for farm poultry of the microelement complex. Among the normalized microelements there is no lithium, which according to the classification based on biological role for living organisms belongs to the group of conditionally essential elements. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of various doses of lithium in compound feed on the chemical composition and toxicological and biological parameters of caterpillar meat. The effect of additives of different doses of lithium (0.05 mg/kg, 0.10 and 0.15 mg/kg) in compound forages on the quality and safety of the products of slaughter of 70-day gosling was studied. The studies were conducted on gosling of the Legart breed. Feeding of gosling from day to 70 days of age was carried out by full-feed compound feeds. The birds of the experimental groups were additionally injected with lithium in the feed, mg/kg: the second group was 0.05; third – 0.10 and fourth – 0.15. The gosling of the control group did not receive lithium. Analysis of the results of the studies revealed differences between the control and experimental groups in the chemical composition of the muscular tissue of the gosling in favor of the latter. It was found that the introduction of lithium compound feed had a positive effect on the deposition of dry matter, protein and fat in the gosling of the experimental groups, which contributed to its increased energy and biological value. The best indicators of meat quality were in young animals, which during the growing period were fed compound feeds enriched with lithium at the rate of 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg
The intensity of the processes of oxidative modification of proteins and the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant protection system of broiler chickens under the action of vitamins E and C
Get PDFChickens in the control group received a standard ration, the first experimental – ration with the addition of tocopherol acetate, the second experimental – ascorbic acid, and the third – a complex of these vitamins. On the basis of the conducted researches the influence of vitamin supplements on the indexes of oxidation intensity of lipid and protein structures was analyzed. The intensity of the processes of oxidative modification of proteins largely depends on the level of vitamins E and C in the ration of broiler chickens. Supplementation with vitamin C and with vitamin E resulted in an inhibitory influence on the content of OMP products, the level of which is largely regulated by the enzyme and non-enzymatic links of the antioxidant protection system. Searches have shown the stimulating influence of the addition of vitamins on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In particular, SOD activity increased by 19 % on the 34th day, by 32 % on the 41st day, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was 5.7 and 20.8 %, respectively, compared to the control chickens group. An increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes occurred against the background of a decrease in the intensity of oxidation processes. At the same time, there was also an increase in the content of recovered glutathione in the blood of chickens of the second and third experimental groups at 34th and 41st days of age. Thereby, searches have shown that supplementing the ration with vitamins E and C with a positive influence on the organism's adaptive capacity and antioxidant potential, which is extremely important to ensure the metabolic homeostasis of chickens during critical periods of their cultivation
Analysis of water quality of a reservoir on a small river and the status of ichthyofauna in anthropogenic conditions
Get PDFThe surface waters of the estuaries of the estuary are mostly characterized by low quality, which was formed as a result of considerable anthropogenic loading and transformation of the catchment area. The monitoring data of the ecological and sanitary status of the surface waters of the Basov Kut reservoir are presented, as well as the results of accounting for dead fish due to the frosts that occurred in the mouth of the Ustye River during 2011–2017. It is established that the Bas Basin is not suitable for recreational use. Amateur fisheries are also a danger to the population, as lactose-positive E. coli, the Staphylococcus aureus index, the Enterococcus microorganism index, Lamblia intestinalis cysts and eggs are detected in this reservoir annually. In 2017, cholera vibrios (Vibrio cholera non O1) were detected. Hydrochemical indicators, in particular in 2018, revealed inconsistency with the following indicators: odor – 2 points; color 3; BOD5 – 6.5–7.5 mgO2/dm³; COD 40–50 mgO2/dm³. In samples tested for sanitary – microbiological and parasitological parameters, cholera – like vibrio (non O1) was detected. The deterioration of water quality by the content of biogenic elements, in particular, compounds of Nitrogen and Phosphorus, which leads to increased eutrophication of the reservoir. The “flowering” of water in 2018 began in the third decade of June and lasted until October. This process harms not only hydrobionts, but also humans, as blue-green algae toxins can accumulate in fish tissues and cause poisoning when consumed by such products. In addition, there was a significant percentage of fish that did not meet the requirements of DSTU 2284: 2010 in terms of organoleptic characteristics. The greatest damage to the populations of fish that inhabit the Estuary during the fatalities was caused in 2012. When the estimated loss of fishery resources amounted to 377.4 thousand individuals, according to scientists and control bodies. Annual fatalities have led to quite significant losses of populations of industrially valuable fauna. A significant loss of fishery resources was noted in 2017 – about 10.32 thousand. It was noted that the following populations of fish were most affected by the frost in the estuary: Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Leucaspius delineatus, Perca fluviatilis, Carassius gibelio, Tinca tinca, Esox lucius, Sander luciocaper, Abracerperis This poses a significant threat to the further reproduction of ichthyofauna in the mouth of the Ustya River, and also calls into question the possibility of amateur fishing in these sites
Zoohygienic and economic aspects of construction and operation of the average complex for the conservation of wild haves
Get PDFThe formation and development of a market-based management system for hunting in Ukraine require fundamentally new approaches to the organization of business management. The practical implementation of any commercial project is significantly complicated without a previously developed zoo-hygienically and economically sound business plan. The purpose of the study was to improve measures for the organization and operation of the aviary complex for the maintenance and breeding of wild ungulates. The work used sanitary-hygienic methods of scientific research, in addition applied theoretical analysis of scientific literary sources, synthesis, generalization, comparison, concretization. According to the results of the research on the basis of zoohygienic norms and economic calculations, the project of organization and development of the aviation complex “Hunting farm “Polisske-Sarny” is located near the village. Terrible of Sarnensky District on the lands of the State Forest Fund of Strashevsky Forestry of SE Sarnenskoye Forestry. The area of the enclosure is 146.7 ha, which is divided into 4 contours to hold the fallow deer, red deer, wild boar and European mouflon. Proposed measures for construction and operation of the aviary complex for keeping wild ungulates (fallow deer and mouflon European, as well as wild boar and red deer), owned by the Polisske-Sarny Hunting Enterprise. The total amount of capital investments for the creation of a cage for the maintenance of wild animals, including the cost of construction, purchase of livestock breeders is from 1337.1 thousand UAH. Due to the sale of animals to other farms, you can receive from 280–320 thousand UAH income per year. Taking into account the initial investments for the establishment of the aviary complex, the payback period is 3 years
The formation of colostral immunity and its duration in calves during the first months of life
Get PDFThe paper presents the results of a study on the formation of colostral immunity and the determination of its duration during the first months of life of calves according to the indications of the level of total IgG and antigen-specific antibodies to pathogens of рarainfluenza 3, respiratory syncytial infection and viral diarrhea of cattle. It has been established that blood serum of newborn calves does not contain antigen-specific immunoglobulins of class G to pathogens of viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection and parainfluenza-3, and the level of total IgG is 2.2 ± 0.61 g/dm3. The concentration of total IgG is increased to 50.50 ± 6.33 g/dm3, and decreases to 27.25 ± 5.82 g/dm3 for 28 days, which contributes to the formation of the immunosuppressive state at the 7th day of a calf life. Starting from 35th day, there is an increase in the concentration of total IgG due to seroconverting of its own antibodies by the body of calves. Immunization of cows-mothers against viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection and parainfluenza-3 contributes to the formation of antigen-specific colostral immunity in calves in the first days of life, which is preserved in diagnostic titers during 63 days after birth