Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
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Benefit of dorsal laminectomy without lumbosacral stabilization in lumbosacral traumatic cat
Get PDFTwo cats were diagnosed with depression of caudal equina spinal nerve and lumbosacral spinal trauma that revealed rapid improving clinical signs after 1 month of dorsal laminectomy at the region of lumbar and sacral vertebrae without internal and external stabilization devices. This report showed that dorsal laminectomy was a powerful procedure for decompression caudal equina spinal injuries in stable lumbosacral vertebral trauma in cats without ancillary fixation methods. Dorsal laminectomy is valuable technique for correction of fracture/luxation of vertebrae that this procedure can reduce spinal cord edema, and axonal disruption. Stabilization of vertebrae by the orthopedic implants may be not necessary in small cat that has enough vertebral stability as the same in two these cases
Features of seasonal dynamics of sheep Haemonchosis in the territory of Zaporizhzhya region
Get PDFThe article presents the results of studies on the indicators of invasiveness of domestic sheep Ovis aries (Linnaeus, 1758), the causative agent of Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi 1803; Cobb 1898) and its characteristics depending on the season in the climatic and geographical conditions of the Zaporizhzhya region. The research was conducted during 2015–2019 on the basis of laboratories of the departments of parasitology and ichthyopathology of the Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv and Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Examination of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy. Helminths were isolated by the results of complete helminthological sections of the digestive organs of the dead or slaughtered sheep, and the indicators of the extent and intensity of the invasion were established. Specific identification of the identified nematodes was performed taking into account the morphological features of mature males and females. It is proved that H. contortus is a fairly widespread species of nematodes in the population of domestic sheep in the territory of the studied region. The magnitude of the invasion of animals reached 66.36 %, the intensity of the invasion – 25.56 ± 1.51 samples/animal (for fluctuations from 1 to 79 sp./an.). It is noted that the causative agent of Haemonchosis is registered during the year. At the same time, the degree of sheep infection depends on the season of the year and is characterized by certain patterns in the extent and intensity of H. contortus invasion of sheep. The peak of the animals with the nematodes was detected in the autumn-winter period of the year, EI ranged from 73.23 to 78.57 %. The decline in invasion magnitude was observed in spring (52.63 %) and summer (59.68 %). Seasonal fluctuations in the infestation rates had some differences and were characterized by maximum values in the summer and autumn seasons ranging from 27.49 ± 2.52 to 37.35 ± 2.36 samples/animal. During the winter, the intensity of H. contortus infestation in sheep gradually decreased (13.73 ± 2.12 sp/an) and gained minimum values in the spring of the year (10.85 ± 1.78 sp./an). The conducted researches illuminate the current epizootic condition of sheep haemorrhage in the territory of Zaporizhzhya region, expand and supplement the already existing data that will allow to increase the effectiveness of the use of therapeutic and preventive measures in this invasion
The current state of fish market in Ukraine
Get PDFThe fishing industry is an important component of the economy of Ukraine at the present stage of development. The development and implementation of the innovative technologies in fish farming and fish processing require mandatory and ongoing analysis of a fish market infrastructure. The demand for food protein, which is characterized by a balanced amino acid content is provided by fish and seafood at 20–30 %. The aim of this work was to understand a current state of a fish products market in Ukraine, its pricing and consumption. Based on the specialized literature the evaluation of a current state of fish and fish products consumption in Ukraine and own studies of the price category of fish products in Ukraine in recent years were conducted. We studied fish and fish products consumption per year per capita in Ukraine over the last 20 years, assortment of fish in Ukraine, the import of fish and fishery products by species, the product prices in UAH per kg both in previous years and today. According to international medical standards the annual consumption of fish and seafood should be 20 kg per person. At the same time in Ukraine according to the State Statistics Committee on the 01.01.2019 14.5 kg of fish and seafood came out per capita. In 2018–2019 herring traditionally remained a leader of consumption in Ukraine. Ukraine also imported such species of fish: mackerel, hake, herring, salmon, pilchards, pollack, capelin, sardines, notating. In addition pangasius, shrimp, blue whiting, mussels, squid, saury, Jack mackerel, sea bass, tuna, flounder, anchovies, smelt, cod, salmon and other species of fish, caviar and seafood are imported in Ukraine. The investigated assortment of fish in Ukraine is represented both domestic and imported products. The domestic production are: carp, pike, capelin, herring, mackerel, sprat, the imported products are: flounder, perch, pangasius, salmon, butter, hake, Pollock, capelin, nototenia, herring, mackerel, cod, tuna, tilapia (sole), sea trout, whiting and so forth. It is established that the condition of a fish market in Ukraine is affected by an unstable economic and political situation in the country, low solvency of the population, corruption and the high payables of the enterprises. In Ukraine a tendency towards a decrease in the volume of fish and fish products consumption by the population of Ukraine is observed annually, which is a consequence of the decline in fish catch and fish production, depreciation of fixed assets and a lack of financial support to the fishing industry
Structural proteins of plasmolemma of the jejunum absorbing enterocytes of cattle fetus in early fetal period
Get PDFThe data on the concentration of structural proteins of plasmolemma of the absorption enterocytes of the cattle fetus in the early fetal period are presented. Changes in the protein composition of the apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes are manifested, characterized not only by changes in their ratio within different cell domains, but also by the dynamic redistribution of the number of different fractions of polypeptides between the poles of these cells. Analysis of the results of electrophoresis of apical membranes of the cattle fetus enterocytes in the early fetal period indicates a decrease in the content of low molecular weight protein fractions and an increase in high molecular weight. In the apical membranes of enterocytes of two-month-old cattle fetus, 25 protein fractions with a molecular weight of 9.6 to 205 kDa were detected. In the basolateral membranes revealed 23 protein fractions with a molecular weight of 9.6 to 120 kDa. High molecular weight fractions of polypeptides with molecular weights of 250 kDa and 300 kDa appear from the age of three months of embryos of calves. In the basolateral membranes of enterocytes, there is a slight decrease in the content of low molecular weight protein fractions, and from the four months of age of cattle fetus, high molecular weight fractions of polypeptides with molecular weights of 22.5 kDa and 155 kDa appear, which are absent in basolateral membranes of enterocytes. Two-month-old fetus lack proteins with a molecular weight of 19 kDa, 24 kDa, and 66 kDa in the apical part, whereas proteins with a mass of 22.5 kDa, 155 kDa, 170–185 kDa, and 205 kDa are absent on the basolateral membrane. In the apical membrane of enterocytes significantly more proteins with a low molecular weight of 9.6-14.2 kDa (1.56 times; P ≤ 0.001), whereas in the basolateral membrane a significantly higher concentration of proteins with a molecular weight of 15.5 kDa (2.06 times; P ≤ 0.001) and 17 kDa (3.62 times; P ≤ 0.001)
Metabolic responses in endurance horses at exhausted syndrome
Get PDFThe article shows the results of the study of biochemical blood indices in sports horses. It is shown that in horses after exercise developing the metabolic syndrome which is a result of insufficient supply of organs and tissues of energy accompanied by development of dehydration, cytolysis syndrome, uremic syndrome, electrolyte imbalance. Evaluation of cardiac output in horses must be performed during and after physical exertion, when during latent disease manifests itself clinically. It is important to know the ways of flowing the course of metabolic processes that occur in the body of horses during physical activity of varying intensity. The most common reason for excluding horses from sports events is metabolic disorders and cardiovascular dysfunction. The aim of the work was to investigate changes in biochemical blood parameters in sports horses after physical exertion. The material for research was horses, which are used in classical equestrian sports. In all horses the general analysis and biochemical parameters of blood, characterizing the functional state of the organs (heart, liver, kidneys) were investigated. The most frequent in horses for physical overstrain is registered increased fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, less frequent arrhythmias. In sports horses after exercise develops dehydration (hyperproteinemia), uremic syndrome (increasing the concentration of urea and creatinine), cytolysis syndrome (activity increase of AST and ALT), electrolyte imbalance (decrease in serum sodium and potassium). Hyperlactatemia that occurs in horses during exercise causes changes in the permeability of cardiomyocytes and exit enzymes in the blood and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of myocardial dystrophy. Installed tests can serve for early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in horses for exercise
Productivity of growing rabbits for use of forrage with different zinc content
Get PDFThe results of studies on the optimal level of zinc, which are additionally introduced into feed for rabbits grown for meat, are presented. Experimental researches were conducted in the conditions of the problematic research laboratory of feed additives of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. A scientific and economic experiment was carried out on young rabbits of HYLA hybrids of the French company EUROLAP. The study was conducted by group method. In the 42-day age, 60 rabbits were selected, out of which, according to the analogues principle, three groups were formed – one control and two experimental, with 20 rabbits (10 females and 10 males) in each. The research lasted for 42 days. It was used full-grain granulated feed for feeding the experimental young rabbits, which according to the chemical composition differed in content of zinc in them. Rabbits of the control group received feed containing zinc 50 mg/kg, the second – 100 mg/kg, the third – 150 mg/kg. It was established that feeding of rabbits in the 43–84-day-old age with feed containing zinc 100 mg/kg contributes to an increase in body weight by 2.9%, and an increase in average daily growth during the growing season, respectively, by 4.7%. Feed costs per 1 kg growth in young rabbits consuming feed containing Zinc were 1.0% lower than the control group's young. Rabbits which were fed with feed containing zinc 150 mg/kg were inferior to body weight and average daily increments, respectively, by 1.4% and 2.7% of animals fed with a feed with a zinc level of 50 mg/kg
Preclinical research of the experimental preparation “Ferosel T”
Get PDFoai:ojs2.ujvas.com.ua:article/1The results of preclinical studies of the new ferrodextran preparation “Ferosel T”, which contains ferrum and selenium, are presented. It has been established that at oral administration of ferrocellus T in a prophylactic dose of 2 ml/kg b.w. and the therapeutic dose of 4 ml/kg for 3 days in a row in the stomach of laboratory rats did not show toxic effects. No toxic effect of T ferrocellus is established at introducing it into the stomach in doses in 3 and 10 times higher than the therapeutic ones. Under conditions of subcutaneous administration of the drug, the death of white rats was not observed, only short-term inhibition of laboratory animals, which was prescribed the drug in a dose of 10 ml/kg b.w. It was established that in the preventive and optimal therapeutic doses the drug did not affect the detoxification function of the liver. In rats, which ferrocellus T was administered at maximum therapeutic and possibly toxic doses, the duration of hexenal sleep was for 32 and 35% higher relative to control values. The investigation of the emotional and behavioral reactions of laboratory animals after administration of ferrocellus T for 21 days in therapeutic and maximum therapeutic doses did not show a significant effect on the nervous system. In terms of hyperemia and swelling of the skin and the thickness of the skin, ferrocellus T in prophylactic and therapeutic doses upon application to rabbit skin did not cause local irritation. Separate injection of the drug “Ferosel T” by sub-planar way to guinea pigs in 0.1 ml. did not cause swollen reactions of the paws. As a result of the conducted research, no allergenic properties of the drug “Ferosel T” were found. In laboratory rats, which were introduced ferrosel T in the prophylactic dose of probable changes in the weight of the heart, liver, spleen and kidneys is not established. In rats, which were administered ferrocellus T in an optimal therapeutic dose, in comparison with control weights of the spleen and liver, respectively, was in 10.3 and 6.4% higher. When introducing ferrocellus T at the maximum therapeutic dose, the mass of the spleen and liver was in 14.0 and 15.0% higher, respectively. The results of the studies indicate that the drug “Ferosel T” is safe when used for the prevention and treatment of animals
Activity of washing-disinfecting means “San-active” for sanitary treatment of equipment of meat processing enterprises in laboratory and manufacturing conditions
Get PDFThe article presents the results of the research of the new detergent agent “San-active” for meat processing enterprises. It was established that “San-active” in the concentration from 0.3 to 2.0% is moderately alkaline (concentration of hydrogen ions is 11.44–12.7), at a concentration of 2.5% and above, with very alkaline pH ≥ 13.11 units. In the “San-active” detergent, at the concentration from 0.3 to 2.5%, the surface tension is 34.97–28.24 mN/m. The absorbability of the parts of the technological equipment with the solutions of the “San-active” means sharply increases with increasing concentration. At the temperature of solutions of the medium 19.0 ± 1.0 °С the angle of wetting decreases from 69.8 degrees. at a concentration of 0.3% to 50.5 degrees. at a concentration of 2.5% (in 1.4 times). It has been established that “San-active” in 0.5% concentration provides the bactericidal effect on test cultures of conditionally pathogenic bacteria, spore-forming microorganisms and fungi. The “San-active” agent at 0.5% concentration is bactericidal to S. aureus and E. faecalis cells that are in a biofilm in 10 minutes of exposition. For the inactivation of E. coli and P. aeruginosa cells in a biofilm, it is necessary that the “San-active” acts in a concentration not lower than 0.5% and not less than 30 minutes. The agent shows a washing effect on the evaluation of “good” at 0.5% concentration, and 1.0% and above the concentration on the score “excellent”. “San-active” in the concentration from 1.0 to 2.0% shows very weak corrosion activity on stainless steel. The use of “San-active” detergent for the sanitary treatment of equipment surfaces in the intestinal workshop at the concentration of the working solution 1.0–2.0% and the temperature 60 ± 5 °C for 20 minutes provides 99.9–100% efficiency of sanitary treatment
Effectiveness of phytobiotic for prophylactic non-contagious gastrointestinal diseases in suckling piglets
Get PDFThe article presents the results of prophylactic effectiveness phytobiotic feed additive XTRACT™ 6930 for non-contagious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the composition of the basic diet of suckling pigs on modern pig farm. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract make up from 40 to 60% of internal pathology in pigs. Used phytobiotic XTRACT™ 6930 with preventive measures, which had positive influence on oxygen-transport function of blood, hemoglobin synthesis and erythrocytopoesis in animals, as indicated by the number of erythrocytes, MCH and hematocrit in blood of suckling piglets from experimental group. Feeding of XTRACT™ 6930 had also positive influence on leukopoesis, as indicated by increased leukocyte rate in blood of suckling piglets from experimental group within physiological fluctuations. Increase of leukocyte rate can be caused by stimulation of non-specific resistance in piglets, which plays main role in defence of animals during early ontogenesis. As it is known, stabilization of phagocytic activity of leukocytes occurs during first months of age, when the body of pigs is able to synthesize most humoral factors of protection. Application of suckling piglets feed additive XTRACT™ 6930 for 18 days resulted in a positive impact on metabolism: increased levels of total protein, albumin, glucose serum; reduced levels of urea, phosphorus; reduced the activity of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT within physiological fluctuations. The use of phytobiotic feed additive XTRACT™ 6930 in experimental group of piglets increased the survival of piglets from experimental group in sucking period compared with control group of animals by reducing the percentage of morbidity and mortality from non-contagious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, it was established that the use XTRACT™ 6930 has positive effect on biochemical blood parameters of piglets, decreases their morbidity and mortality before weaning
The role of insulin-like growth factor and leptin in the pathogenesis of internal non-contagious pathology of dairy cows
Get PDFThe endocrine system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the non-infectious pathology of dairy cows. However, the role of a number of hormones in pathology is not clear. These hormones include insulin-like growth factors and leptin. The insulin-like growth factor is synthesized predominantly in the liver in response to an increase in the level of somatotropic hormone in the blood. According to its physiological properties, it is close to insulin, structurally similar, has common receptors that trigger the same chain of reactions: stimulates transport of amino acids and glucose in the muscles, increases the sensitivity of cells to insulin, in adipose tissue, transport glucose, oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide, the inclusion of glucose in lipids. Leptin is synthesized by adipocytes, and its main physiological function is to reduce the synthesis of macroergic compounds and increase energy expenditure. Circulating in the blood, it helps to maintain an optimal level of glucose, which is necessary for the energy needs of the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of insulin-like growth factor, leptin, glucose, pyruvate and lactate in the blood of cows under secondary osteodystrophy, ketosis and hepatodistrophy. This will give an opportunity to better understand the pathogenesis and create theoretical preconditions for the development of informative diagnostic tests and effective means of treatment. The experiment was conducted on dairy cows, analogues by age, breed, productivity and physiological state. According to clinical features, urine analysis and values of biochemical parameters of blood of experimental cows were divided into four groups: 1 – clinically healthy cows, 2 – patients with osteodystrophy, 3 – patients with ketosis, 4 – patients with hepatodistrophy. The obtained results of research indicate that the internal non-contagious pathology in dairy cows deficiency of exchange energy is recorded, which induces an increase in the activity of gluconeogenesis and is expressed by lowering the concentration of glucose and increasing the content of pyruvate and lactate. At the same time, a decrease in the level of insulin-like growth factor and leptin was found. The lowest level of insulin-like growth factor and leptin was determined by ketosis. The decrease in the level of tissue hormones in the blood plasma of cows under osteodystrophy was within the statistical error