Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
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Influence of the technology of processing of meat of snails in anabiosis on the content of toxic elements
Get PDFAn important problem today is the pollution of the territory of Ukraine with heavy metals: lead, cadmium, copper, zinc and others. Relevance of the topic is that nowadays the issues of safety and quality control are not fully resolved in the country, as well as the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the meat of snails of the genus Helix, which are used for food purposes; in particular, there is no data on the content of toxic elements in a meat of different species of snails for different processing modes. The aim of the study was to investigate the meat of snails of the genus Helix for different processing to find heavy metals in it. The meat of snails of genus Helix has been used for the study, sub-species: Helix pomatia, Helix aspersa maxima and Helix aspersa muller. 30 samples of snails of each species grown in snails farm in the Kyiv region have been selected for the study. Meat of snails has been studied after different technological processing: live, chilled, and cooked and frozen (n = 30). The research has been conducted in the winter, when the snails have been in anabiosis. Results of the study show that in accordance with the requirements of DSTU 7821:2016 “Live edible gastropod molluscs. Specifications”, the content of toxic elements in the meat of live snails corresponds to the maximum allowable level. One of the key indicators of safety of meat, in accordance with the requirements of DSTU 7821:2016, is the content of toxic elements in it: lead, cadmium, copper, zinc. It has been found that the meat of snails, in addition to the above mentioned heavy metals, contains also arsenic and iron, which relate to toxic elements as well. Therefore, when developing a complex system of veterinary and sanitary assessment of quality and safety of snails’ meat, we propose to control it on the content of such toxic elements as arsenic and iron. In addition, we recommend to improve the “The Required Minimum List…” (2004) with the studies of the meat of snails of the genus Helix for different technological processing on the content of toxic elements: lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, arsenic and iron
The current state of fishing and extracting the living aquatic resources in the Black Sea region of Ukraine
Get PDFThe development of open spaces and resources of the Black Sea is one of the main directions of the Black Sea region (the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions). The essence of the region policy allows to cooperate with the most countries of the world community and brings an income both to the budget of the regions and to the state budget. Industrial fisheries is an extractive branch of the fishing industry that uses the natural resources of the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, reservoirs: various species of fish, marine mammals, shellfish, crustaceans and aquatic vegetation. Fisheries can be considered as one type of nature using which consists in the extraction of fish and other sea products (fish, invertebrates, algae, etc.). The purpose of the work was to find out a current state of fishing and extracting the living aquatic resources in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions. An assessment of a current state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions for the period from 2010 to 2018, was carried out on the basis of specialized literature. The state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies from 2010 to 2018; the amount of caught fish in this region; the state of fisheries of the studied region were investigated. Fish farming is a branch of the national economy that is engaged in farming, increasing and improving a quality of the fish stocks in the water bodies and filling the fish resources. In order to maintain and increase the stocks of valuable industrial fish in our country the extensive measures for artificial fish farming, improving the conditions of natural reproduction of fish, as well as the development of lake and pond fisheries for the commercial fish production are being taken. Much work is being done to acclimatize valuable industrial fish species and other fishing objects, aimed at expanding a fish species composition and increasing the fish stocks. It was found that according to the statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the analysis of the exraction of fish and aquatic biological resources in the Black Sea region (Odesa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions) showed that an increase in the volume of fish catching and extracting the living aquatic resources occurred only due to inland waters
A long-term analysis of the common agricultural policy financial subsidies towards Italian farms
Get PDFIn Italy since 2000 there has been a significant decrease of farms and a notable increase of the usable agricultural areas. In order to reduce the socioeconomic marginalization in rural territories the European Union has supported financially the rural development in a pattern of pluriactivity and productive diversification in farms. The core purpose of this research was to assess by a multiple regression model the impact of financial subsidies allocated by the Common Agricultural Policy on the farmer net income since 2004 to 2016 in Italian farms belonging to the Farm Accountancy Data Network. Findings have pointed out a direct impact of financial supports disbursed by the European Union; by contrast, no impacts have had payments disbursed by the second pillar. Drawing the conclusions, it is fundamental to increase the financial supports of the Common Agricultural Policy aimed at implementing the land capital endowment which is the one of the main bottlenecks in Italian farms
Comparison between new design interlocking nail with plate fixation and intramedullary pin with external skeletal fixation in long bone fracture in the dogs
Get PDFNew design interlocking nail and plate fixation was used in comminuted femur fracture in an old dog that the results showed primary bone healing and she had been quickly weight baring in fifteenth day after surgery, and could be walk in twenty day after operation. Another case was a young dog that showed transverse fracture of both humerus and one transverse fracture of femur that were repaired by intramedullary pin and external skeletal fixation. The results showed secondary bone healing of these three bone fractures and she could be walk after 2 months of operation. An old dog did not show any complication but a young dog showed pin migration in femur healing. This study revealed that the superior result in bone healing was found in rigid fixation by new design interlocking nail and plate fixation greater than intramedullary pin with external skeletal fixation
Biochemical indices of piglets blood under the action of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus”
Get PDFThe purpose of the search was to investigate the influence of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” on the biochemical indices of piglets blood when weaned. The experiments were conducted on the basis of Ltd. “KOSHET” of Mukachevo district, Transcarpathian region. Two groups of pigs were formed – control (C) and experimental (E), in the number of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the basis of analogues – age, breed and body weight. In the suckling period, pigletss were kept under sows in special machines, had constant access to the mother, and from 5 days of age – free access to concentrated feed. The research material was blood collected in the morning by puncture of the cranial vena cava on the 20th day of life (period before weaning), on the 25th day of life (period before weaning), on the 30th day of life (2 days after weaning), for 35 days of life (7 days after weaning), for 40 days of life (12 days after weaning). Weaning of piglets from sows at 28 days of age leads to a slight decrease in total protein and increased activity of aminotransferases. Increased activity of ALAT and ASAT in pigs' serum after weaning from sows reflects the nonspecific response of the organism to the action of stress factors and indicates an increased release of enzymes into the extracellular space. Feeding of piglets with feed additives “Butaselmevit-plus” promotes to enhance the protein synthesizing function of the liver and reduce the activity of aminotransferases. The decrease in the activity of aminotransferases in the blood of piglets of the experimental group, indicates that the components of the feed additive counteract the influence of stress, and also contribute to the maintenance the integrity of cell membranes specific to these organ enzymes, which prevents their output from the cells
The level of lipid peroxidation products in the rats blood under prolonged cadmium and lead loading
Get PDFLipid peroxidation is a form of tissues respiration. This process is characteristic of normal tissues and occurs, as a rule, after the construction of lipid membrane structures, their updates and during the biosynthesis of many hormones. However, free radical oxidation can be activated in an unfavorable environmental situation, since in our case it happened under the action of Cadmium and Lead. The purpose of the work was to investigate the Cadmium and Lead effects on the lipid peroxidation processes intensity in rats. The experiments were carried out on 200 – 220 g male “Wistar” rats, from which 4 groups of animals were formed: 1) control group – animals were administered drinking water through a metal probe in bulk, which is equivalent to the volume of aqueous salt solution Cd2+ і Pb2+; 2) experimental group 1 – animals were administered 0.029 % an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride in a dose 4.0 mg/kg; 3) experimental group 2 – animals were administered 16.6 % aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose 200 mg/kg; 4) experimental group 3 – animals were administered 16.6 % aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose 100 mg/kg and 0.029 % an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride in a dose 2.0 mg/kg. Throughout the experiment, rats were kept in a balanced diet containing all the necessary components, the animals were given drinking water without restrictions from 0.2 liter glass bowls. Based on our research, we detected activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the blood of rats under lead-cadmium loading, as indicated by the growth of intermediate and final products in comparison with the group of intact animals. Probable level increase of LPO products was observed from the first day of the experiment. For the 7th day of the experiment, the level of diene conjugates in the blood of the third experimental group increased by 88.9 %, and the level of Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased by 31.8 %. At 14 and 21 days of the experiment, the level of of LPO products in the rats blood under the lead-cadmium load was the highest. These changes in the LPO products level indicate an increase in the intensity of radical formation processes. Peroxide oxidation forms, at almost all stages of its course, a number of products that result from the interaction of free radicals with each other and with biological macromolecules
The first report of direct skeletal attachment method applying for tibia prosthetic leg in a chicken by cortical screw
Get PDFThis is the first report of successful method for direct skeletal attachment for invent tibia prosthetic leg in a chicken amputee by using 3.0 mm stainless steel cortical screw as an intramedullary bone stem for right tibia endoprosthesis leg part and using acrylic with some part of endotracheal tube as an exoprosthesis leg part. This surgery was performed in a chicken amputee without bone cement using. A chicken could stand and sometime walk after 15 days of surgery. No complication problem with a screw’s stump. This intramedullary bone stem technique by a screw can adapt using in other parts of long bone animal amputee. This technique can apply for invent endoprosthesis limb in other small animal amputees and can use intramedullary screw technique with other long bones such as femur, humerus, radius, and ulna because this technique uses only one stainless 316L screw so the surgery cost is not too much. The surgical procedure is not complicated and blood loss during surgery is not much so the risk for this technique is low
Selection of the optimal composition of vegetable oil and chlorophyllipt oil components
Get PDFInvestigate the antimicrobial properties of various concentrations of vegetable essential oils in combination with an oil solution of chlorophyllipt as possible ingredients for ointments for wounds. Microbiological tests were performed according to standard methods using E. coli test cultures, S. aureus, Str. agalactiae and P. fluorescens. The results of studies of antibacterial activity of both individual ingredients and their combinations are presented, namely: 4 % essential oil of Siberian pine, 2 % essential oil of eucalyptus, 1.5 % essential oil of cloves, 1.5 % of essential oil of cedar, 2.0 % tea tree essential oil and 1.0 % chlorophyllipt oil solution. Bacteria, which are usually typical agents of wound infections, have been found to be quite sensitive to the drugs tested. High activity of essential oils and oily solution of chlorophyllipt with respect to E. coli and S. aureus was revealed. In particular, a 1.0 % oily solution of chlorophyllipt caused staphylococcal growth retardation zones whose diameters were 1.4 times larger than the antibiotic clindamycin. It was determined that representatives of gram-negative microflora were more sensitive to the investigated essential oils and chlorophyll. The optimal composition of the experimental drug called “Ointment for wounds” is offered. The results of preclinical testing showed a sufficiently high efficiency compared to traditional means. The results obtained with regard to antimicrobial activity indicate the prospect of using preparations based on the essential oil of Siberian pine, eucalyptus, carnation, cedar, tea tree and oil solution of chlorophyllipt for the treatment of skin diseases in animals. This data will help to develop new effective and safe veterinary treatments for wound care
Characteristics of the microscopic hair structure of domestic mammals from Equidae family
Get PDFHair is an indispensable component of the animal body. Having structural features of the structure, it allows you likely to identify the type and age of animals, conditions of keeping animals, feeding and even sex. Paleontologist's findings prove, the hairline stores the undisputed information on its “owner” for thousands of years. According to the results of the conducted research it is established, that the hair coat of the studied animal species – Equinus asinus and Equus caballus – has significant differences in the structure of the brain substance and superficial drawing of the cuticle. Microscopic examination of discolored samples of animal hair well-recognizes the structure of the brain substance, which makes it possible to differentiate the species of animal. The brain substance in the donkey mane hair occupies most of the hair, is represented by densely grouped cells, sometimes interrupted, whereas in the horse mane hair, it has the appearance of grouped rounded cells with small intervals between sections of 6–10 cells. The brain substance of the donkey covering hair is represented by cells of different size and shape, which disappear from the middle of the hair to the peripheral end. This tendency is also typical for the brain substance of the horse covering hair, but unlike donkey hair – cells of the same size, begin with a continuous cord at a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the root of the hair, towards the peripheral end of the hair the gaps between them increase to the complete disappearance of cells. Ultramicroscopic examination of the cuticle superficial drawing of hair samples allowed to establish the peculiarities of two species of the same animal genus. The donkey and horse mane hair had almost the same thickness, the number of scales (waves) per 100 μm of hair length and the size of the scales (wavelength), however, the overall drawing was significantly different. Superficial drawing of hair cuticle from horse mane represented by irregular waves with sharp pointed edges of scales, instead, the donkey has fringed edges of scales. The horse's covering hair was thicker than the donkey's hair and had differences in the location and shape of the scales. Superficial drawing of covering hair cuticle of donkey represented by a regular wave of scales with clear and even edges, while the scales on the surface of the covering hair of the horse have indistinct torn edges and collected in intermittent (irregular) waves
The modern methods of reproduction physiology of horses
Get PDFThe concept of development of horse breeding in Ukraine until 2020 provides for an increase in the number of horses through the intensive use of modern methods of reproduction biotechnology. However, the imperfection of these methods hinders their widespread use in practice. The aim of the work was to draw attention to the most important problems of the physiology of horse reproduction in Ukraine and to show ways to solve them that have already been proposed by domestic and foreign researchers. The development strategy of the physiology of horse reproduction in order to increase its effectiveness should take into account the least studied aspects that were discussed above. The article shows that taking into account the influence of micromycetes, the absolute number of colony forming units of E. coli in semen of stallions; immuno-and cytogenetic features; new methods of sanitary preparation of horses for sperm and insemination; the effect of permissible levels of feed mycotoxins on physiological functions improves the efficiency of equine reproduction physiology methods. However, we first discovered new physiological features of the effect of erythrocyte antigens of blood groups of horses of Ukrainian selection on the indicators of their native sperm. In the presence of ad/bcm and dg/cgm alleles of the blood group D system in stallions, sperm motility is on average less than 5 points; alleles ad/cgm, ad/d, ad/de, ad/dk, bcm/d, bcm/de, bcm/dg, bcm/dk, cegm/cgm, cegm/d, cegm/dg, cegm/dk, cgm/ceg, cgm/cgm, cgm/dg, cgm/dk, de/cgm, de/dk, dg/di, dk/d, dk/de, dk/dk is accompanied by sperm motility from 5 to 7 points; alleles bcm/cgm, dg/dk, de/d, cgm/d, cgm/de sperm motility is observed more than 7 points. The results obtained allowed us to develop for practice ways to increase the efficiency of sperm cryopreservation by immunogenetic parameters. In addition, open physiological correlations can increase the fertility of mares during mating