Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
Not a member yet
244 research outputs found
Sort by
Influence of cadmium on the cellular part of the immune system of young cattle
Get PDFThe article presents the results of research on the effect of cadmium load on the body of young cattle. The negative effect of Cadmium on the liver causes a wide range of pathological changes at different levels of its organization. The impact of heavy metals on the immune system is particularly significant, because it performs a leading role in maintaining health and is recognized as one of the most sensitive to adverse factors, even in relatively low concentrations. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of cadmium on the cellular part of the immune system of young cattle. The research was carried out on 10 bulls of six months of age, Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, which were formed into 2 groups of 5 animals each: control and experimental. The bulls of the control group were on a normal diet. Animals of the experimental group were administered cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of the animal. It was found that feeding bulls with a diet of cadmium chloride, the number of B-lymphocytes on the 5th day of the experiment was 17.54 ± 0.95 %. The lowest number of B-lymphocytes was on the 20th day of testing – 15.12 ± 0.37 %. The study of the number of T-lymphocytes shows that at the beginning of analysis the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of animals of the control and experimental groups ranged from 40.70 ± 3.62 and 40.85 ± 2.54 %. Subsequently, the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood of the experimental group began to decline. The lowest number of T-lymphocytes was in the experimental group of animals on the 20th day of the research, compared with the control group, this figure decreased by 3.63 %. The state of immunity of animals under cadmium load significantly depends on the ratio of T-helpers to T-suppressors. It was found that the immunoregulatory index of blood of bulls of the experimental group probably decreased from 10 days of the research. The number of T-helper lymphocytes in the blood of the experimental group of bulls under cadmium loading is probably reduced by 15, 20 and 30 days of testing. A probable increase in the number of T-suppressors was noted in the bull's blood of the experimental group on the 20th day of the research. Immunoglobulins of different classes are crucial among bull’s serum proteins under cadmium loading. The concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood under cadmium load decreased by 15.9 % relative to the control group on the 20th day of analysis
Digestibility Coefficients of Cattle Hoof Meal Diet by African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Juvenile
Get PDFDigestibility trial of Cattle hoof waste subjected to five processing methods was conducted on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. A reference diet 70 % and test diet 30 % was formulated with chromic oxide biomarker. Feed and feacal samples collected at 8h interval after feeding were analysed for proximate parameters and digestibility coefficient calculated. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments crude protein digestibility was highest in Reference diet (88.26 ± 0.04) < soda ash diet (87.49 ± 0.04) < fermented diet (82.15 ± 0.10) < wood ash diet (81.26 ± 0.03) < raw hoof diet (79.57 ± 0.05) and lowest in Autoclaved diet (77.69 ± 0.02). Nutrient digestibility also showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments with highest values for soda ash diets parameters and least protein nutrient in autoclaved diet (58.99±0.08 ); fat, dry matter and energy nutrient in raw hoof diet (56.41 ± 3.49; 23.39 ± 0.16; 25.71 ± 0.75). This study concludes that Clarias gariepinus juveniles can be fed soda ash treated cattle hoof waste
Effect of supplemental Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu and their interactions on the performance of broiler chickens
Get PDFBased on the results of the analysis of feed materials on the content of micronutrient elements and conducting scientific experiments on broilers chicken, the most effective source of Manganese, Zinc, Iron and Copper in mixed feeds, which contributes to solving the problem of increasing the quality of feeding and intensifying the growth of poultry has been substantiated. The optimum source of essential elements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu) for broilers chicken through feeds, the level of their incorporation into mixed fodders have been experimentally determined, and their influence on productivity and feed costs per 1 kg of body weight gain have been investigated. The tasks set in the work have been solved experimentally using analytical (analysis of literature sources), zoo-technical (growth indices, feed intake) and statistical (processing of the results obtained) methods of research. The use of mixed feeds in feeding broilers chicken which contained glycinate of Manganese, Zinc, Iron and Copper making 75 % of the needs, contributes to increasing their body weight by 2.5 % and increasing the growth rate by 2.4 %. Feed costs per 1 kg of broilers chicken growth were 1.5 % lower than the young bird index of the control group
Influence of soy flour and its processed products on the essential amino acids content in the bees body
Get PDFProviding bees with benign and sufficient protein feeds is the key to successful beekeeping. Protein feed significantly affects on certain functions of individuals and the vital activity and productivity of the bee colonies. So, as a result of increased consumption of protein feed during the first days of life the supply of proteins in the body significantly increases in young bees, hypopharyngeal glands and other organs become developed, which provides the ability to perform various tasks depending on age and living conditions. Older bees consume protein for tissue renewal with new cells and metabolic processes. Bees raised on low protein feeds become physiologically defective and do not live long. In conditions of protein starvation, brood rearing stops and bees throw larvae out of their cells. The article presents the results of studying the effect of using soy flour and its processed products in bee feeding on the essential amino acids content in their body. It was found that the use of soy peptone in bee feeding contributes to a greater accumulation of essential amino acids in the bees body in different periods of their development, in compared to soy milk, defatted soy flour and roasted soy flour which indicates a higher efficiency of its use as partial substitutes for protein feeds
Removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solution by zeolite synthesized from Egyptian kaolin
Get PDFZeolite Na-Y was prepared from kaolin located in Wadi-Hagul, Suez, Egypt. The synthetic zeolite prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of kaolin was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Cadmium ion removal was investigated using the synthetic solution of Cd2+ ions with different concentrations at room temperature (25 °C ± 0.2), initial pH of the solution and contact times. The optimum contact time for removal of Cd2+ ion was 10 min, with 0.1g of synthetic zeolite and pH 7.57. The experimental data were correlated using Langmuir, Freundlich and Harkins-Jura adsorption isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity Qm obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was 14.006 mg/g for Cd2+ ion. Kinetic studies reveal that synthetic zeolite is more effective as adsorbent for removing cadmium ion
Influence of vitamins on the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in boars under the conditions of heat stress
Get PDFThe intensity of reproduction of the live-stock of pigs largely depends on environmental factors, in particular fluctuations in indoor temperature, which is often seasonal. It was found out the fact that in the summer with a long rise in temperature it is worsened the quality of sperm in boars, which is accompanied by a decrease in the fertility of sperm, and in multiplicity and large foetus fertility of sows. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of antioxidant vitamins on the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in blood of boars under the conditions of heat stress. In the study it was used the adult boars of the Large White breed. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory one is 30 days, basic one is 60 days (feeding vitamin A, vitamin E, ascorbic acid) and final one is 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of animals in the control group remained unchanged, and it was for two experimental ones with the addition of vitamin A, vitamin E and ascorbic acid. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10 % and 20 % compared with the control group. In the received blood samples it has been determined the state of prooxidant-antioxidant state. It has been determined that housing boars in conditions of increased temperature is accompanied by the acceleration of peroxidation processes and the depletion of the antioxidant defense system in blood. The introduction of a vitamin supplement in the feed mixture to boars significantly changes the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in this tissue depending on the amount of additionally fed vitamins with antioxidant action. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10 % above the norm after 60 days of feeding increases the content of vitamin A (P < 0.05), vitamin E (P < 0.05), reduced glutathione and slows down the processes of peroxidation – reducing the concentration of diene conjugates (P < 0.01) and TBA-active complexes. Feeding vitamins with antioxidant action in the feed mixture is 20 % more than the norm for boars, compared with the control group, after a month of the use, inhibits peroxidation processes. Two months of using these compounds probably reduced the number of diene conjugates (P < 0.01) and TBA-active complexes. It is accompanied by an increase in the content of low molecular weight antioxidants – vitamin A (P < 0.01), vitamin E (P < 0.05) and ascorbic acid, the level of which is maintained for at least a month after their use
Chemical composition of differently processed Cattle Hoof meal Waste as Feedstuff Ingredient
Get PDFWaste generation at slaughter from ruminant has led to environmental concerns. Processing slaughter house waste will reduce the problem of disposal and possible utilisation in livestock feed. Subjecting Cattle hoof meal to different processing methods can help in enhancing its nutritive value. Cattle hoof were obtained from the slaughter house; raw hoof was subjected to processing methods by boiling; chemical treatment with 10 % soda ash + boiling; fermentation treatment in water + boiling; 10 % wood ash treatment in water + boiling; autoclave treatment and samples analysed for proximate composition, amino acid profile and mineral content analysis according to standard methods. The hoof proximal analysis ranged 9.30 ± 0.06 % – 12.39 ± 0.01 % moisture content; 0.34 ± 0.01 % – 2.50 ± 0.12 % ash; 0.31 ± 0.01 % – 1.47 ± 0.02 % crude fat; 0.19 ± 0.02 % – 12.71 ± 0.15 % crude fibre and 85.27 ± 0.20 % – 90.74 ± 0.26 % crude protein in all samples. The amino acids profile of the hoof showed significant difference among treated samples. Tryptophan an essential amino acid was below detectable limit in all processed samples and raw hoof. The essential and non-essential minerals content showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments with highest (Mg, Fe, K) in wood ash; (Cu) in raw hoof; (Ca, Na, P, Mn, Zn) in autoclaved samples. This study, suggest that Cattle hoof has the potential of being exploited as a source of animal protein for feed formulation in animal nutrition. This research concludes that the different processing methods affect the nutritive profiles of treated samples hence supplementation of limiting amino acids envisaged
Prevention of hepatosis in laying hens using hepatoprotectors Hep-A-Stress and Hepasan-VS
Get PDFThe article presents the results of preventive efficacy of hepatoprotectors Hep-A-Stress and Hepasan-VS in laying hens with hepatosis. The research was conducted in modern poultry farm. Three groups of laying hens (control and two experimental) Lohmann Brown breed (n = 1500) aged 224 days were formed. The poultry was kept on the main ration according to the technological map for the use of this breed. Laying hens from the first experimental group were additionally given hepatoprotector Hep-A-Stress and the second – Hepasan-VS. Blood sampling for the study was performed three times: before the start of drug administration, after 10 and 30 days from the beginning of hepatorotectors administration. The prophylactic effect of these drugs was determined by studying the preservation and productivity of poultry, interpretation of biochemical analysis of blood serum. The use of hepatoprotectors has allowed to increase the preservation and egg production of laying hens. The results of our studies showed insignificant changes of biochemical parameters in blood after 10 days administration of drugs, which indicates a slow effect of hepatoprotectors on the regenerative processes in the body of poultry. The prophylactic effect was established after 30 days use of hepatoprotectors. Our results showed that the use of these drugs had a positive effect on the protein-synthesizing function of the liver, as indicated by a decrease in serum total protein and an increase a albumin contents. There was also a positive effect on the intensity of protein metabolism, indicated by decreased uric acid and an increased urea in the blood serum of experimental groups. The use of hepatoprotectors helped to reduce the activity of hepatospecific enzymes AST and ALT, which indicates the stabilization of cellular structures of hepatocytes. These drugs have increased the function of bile secretion, which is key of lipid metabolism, as evidenced by an increase in serum cholesterol. Thus, the use of these hepatoprotectors has a positive effect on metabolic processes in the body of laying hens, in particular, normalizes liver function and prevents the development of hepatosis
Non-surgical methods of regulation reproductive function and contraception males of domestic animals
Get PDFThe regulation of male reproductive function today is not limited to surgical castration; there are many other methods of controlling reproductive function. Non-surgical methods of controlling male reproductive function can be reversible and not reversible, i.e., reproductive function is preserved or completely suppressed. Castration of males or orchiectomy leads to irreversible sterility of the male, when the male completely loses the ability to reproduce. This operation can also entail some side effects: obesity, underdevelopment of the external genital organs, an increased risk of diabetes or hypothyroidism, problems with frequent urination and behavioral problems. Therefore, methods of non-surgical management of reproductive function and contraception in males are being actively developed. The article presents the latest methods of contraception and the management of the reproductive function of male domestic animals (cats, dogs): clinical application GnRH and agonists GnRH, Non-Peptide GnRH Antagonists, GnRH-Toxin Conjugate, GnRH Vaccines and other immune contraceptive vaccines, chemical sterilants for intratesticular injections, calcium chloride, zinc gluconate, chlorhexidine digluconate, hypertonic saline, sex steroids (progestines), gene silencing, kisspeptin and GnIH, targeting delivery of cytotoxins, single-dose hormonal male and female sterilianr, FSH – receptor ligand cytotoxin conjugates, Sperm Protein Reactive with Antisperm Antibodies (SPRASA) Reversible Inhibition of Sperm under Guidance(RISUG)
Antioxidant status of piglets under nitrate-nitrite load and the action of corrective factors
Get PDFThe article presents the results of research on the state of the antioxidant defense system of piglets under nitrate-nitrite toxicosis and the action of corrective factors (methionine, phenarone and methyphene). Nitrate-nitrite load in piglets caused inhibition of the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, that indicates a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the serum of testing animals. The lowest activity of antioxidant enzymes under chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis was on the 60th day of the experiment in the serum of piglets of the control group, where accordingly the activity of superoxide dismutase decreased by 14 %, catalase activity – by 18 %, glutathione peroxidase activity – by 12 %. Lipid peroxidation processes are activated in the blood of animals, namely the level of lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates increases under the conditions of experimental nitrate-nitrite load. It should be noted that the highest level of lipid peroxidation products in the serum of piglets with chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis was on the 60 th day of the testing, and accordingly the content of lipid hydroperoxides increased by 67 % and diene conjugates – by 33 %. Administration of methionine, phenarone and methyphene under nitrate load contributed to the activation of the antioxidant defense system compared to animals in the control group. The use of antioxidant drugs in sick piglets also contributed to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, as indicated by a decrease in the content of lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates in the serum of experimental group. More pronounced antioxidant effect was shown by administrating methyphene. The mechanism of action of phenarone and methyphene is associated with the direct effect of its components on the inhibition of the absorption of metabolites that have a toxic effect on cell membranes of animals. As a result of the adsorbing action of zeolite, which is part of the drugs, in the digestive tract there is a decrease in the concentration of substances that can be substrates for lipid peroxidation, as well as removal of toxic metabolites in the blood, which are prooxidants. This process occurs by osmosis and diffusion of these substances through the capillaries of the microvilli of the small intestine and their subsequent fixation on the sorbent granules