Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
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Design of antigen synthesis and identification of its artificial antigen for zearalenone
Get PDFBackground: study aimed to modify the ZEN molecule and conjugate the carrier protein to prepare a complete antigen. To lay the foundation for the preparation of ZEN monoclonal antibodies. Methods: The carbonyl group at the 7 position of ZEN molecule was modified by deuteration reaction. The immunogen and antigen were synthesized by EDC method and mixed acid anhydride method, and the complete antigen was identified by UV, IR and electrophoresis. Antisera were obtained after immunization of animals, and an antiserum was designed by ELISA. Results: The immunogens were identified by UV, IR and electrophoresis, ZEN-BSA was successfully synthesized. The ratio of ZEN-BAS to ZEN was calculated to be 1 : 13. When the antibody serum was detected, the titer of the antibody reached 1:(6.4×103). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the OAE method is preferable in preparing the ZEN. These findings lay the material and technical foundation for the preparation of anti-ZEN monoclonal antibod
Biotechnology of families’ strength influence on the processes of sucrose inversion, dehydration and accumulation of monosaccharides
Get PDFThe purpose of the work is an experimental substantiation of biotechnological processes that ensure the maturation of honey during the processing of nectar by bees. During the whole period (7–9 days) of nectar treatment by bees there is a simultaneous partial dehydration of the liquid and biochemical transformations, among which the hydrolysis of sucrose and the accumulation of monosaccharides have the most significant effect on the quality of the mature product. In all series of experiments, the maturity of processed honey in the beehive at the water limit of less than 20 % occurs after 5–6 days of treatment by bees. The mature product in terms of water content remains open in almost completely filled cells for another 3–5 days, slightly reducing the water content from 19.78–20.07 % up to 16.40–18.38 %. Dynamic changes in the ratio of monosaccharides and sucrose in the process of nectar processing by bees, starting from the honey stomach during gathering from flowers to sealing in honeycomb cells have been detected. At the honey stomach-cell stage, a small amount of sucrose is hydrolyzed during the incomplete first day of processing and, as a rule, 0.48–4.11 % of monosaccharides calculated relative to the dry weight of the product are added. Sucrose inversion is more intense during the next 5–6 days, when a total of 12.94–31.42 % of splitted sugars are added, depending on their initial number and strength of families. The main processes of conversion of nectar into honey by bees are characterized by the advance of the reduction of water content in comparison with the splitting of sucrose and the accumulation of monosaccharides. According to the water content (less than 20 %), honey becomes suitable for pumping 3–5 days before it is sealed in the cells. The influence of the mass of bees of different families on the intensity of sucrose inversion in the cells and the accumulation of monosaccharides in the product has been experimentally proved. The maturity of honey in the ratio of sugars in the beehives of strong families is better than in weak ones
The influence of global warming on the productivity and quality of cow's milk
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to analyze the dynamics of productivity, quality composition and energy value of cow's milk obtained during three periods (3 years each) in central Ukraine by various technological housing variants. Over the last 20 years, there has been a global trend towards of increasing in the average annual temperature, which is especially felt in winter and affects to the cattle body, their productivity and the energy value of milk. To more effectively overcome the consequences of changing weather conditions, various continentally-achieved spatial composition and types of facility for livestock housing are used, the impact of which is not sufficiently studied. We analyzed the main weather indicators for the last decade in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv region). The time period from 2011 to 2019 was conditionally divided into three periods (3 years each): I moderate, whose main weather indicators corresponded to the average long-term (30 years) values inherent in this natural and climatic zone; II (with a deviation of +0.6 °C from normal values) and III (with a deviation of +0.9 °C from normal values). During cubicle housing in low cost facilities was observed that productivity increased by 0.19 and 0.97 kg in II and III periods compared to I. During cubicle housing in facilities with insulation systems productivity gradually increased by 0.47 kg during II periods and by 0.92 kg during III periods. The most uniform productivity indicators were observed by housing on a deep litter among low cost facilities. Thus, productivity increased by 0.24 kg during II periods period, and in III period it increased by 0.47 kg compared to the I period. The dynamics of average daily productivity have a slightly more uniform by housing in capital facilities compared to low cost facilities. During tie housing productivity increased by 0.18 kg in II periods, and in III periods it increased by 0.32 kg. Productivity increased by 0.19 and 0.43 kg in reconstructed capital facilities during II and III periods
Influence of vitamin-mineral supplement on protein metabolism in rabbits’ organisms
Get PDFThe purpose of the study is to study the influence of different vitamin-mineral supplement “Tekro” doses on biochemical parameters in blood plasma and liver of rabbits of New Zealand breed. The research methodology is based on research according to generally accepted research methods. Biochemical parameters were studied in rabbits’ organisms at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days of rearing with feeding of different doses of vitamin-mineral supplement “Tekro”, namely 3 %, 3.5 %, 4 %. The academic novelty is that nowadays the problem of the effect of different vitamin-mineral supplement “Tekro” doses on biochemical parameters in the blood and liver of rabbits has not been studied. Analyzing the indicators of the total protein content in the blood plasma of rabbits of the experimental groups and the control one for 90 days, it was noted that there was no significant difference in the indicators. In the liver of rabbits of the age from 45 to 90 days there was a tendency to increase the protein content due to the effects on the body of various doses of vitamin and mineral supplement “Tekro”. It has been established the positive effect of vitamin-mineral supplement “Tekro” on ALT activity of rabbits in experimental groups. At the age of 75 days, significantly higher ALT activity was recorded in rabbits of the 3rd experimental group by 35.8 % compared to animals in the control group
Diagnostic value of echocardiographic indices of left atrial and ventricular morphology in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD)
Get PDFMyxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is one of the most common acquired diseases of the cardiovascular system of genetic etiology in small breed dogs. A long asymptomatic course characterizes the disease. Presently, the main diagnostic technique for heart diseases is echocardiography. This study evaluates individual echocardiographic indices of the left atrial and ventricular morphology with the determination of the diagnostic value of each of them in predicting the course of the disease. The study was conducted in a private veterinary hospital “Eurovet” and on the basis of the clinic of the Department of internal animal diseases and clinical diagnostics of Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Lviv during 2018–2019. The objects consisted of 46 dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of myxomatous mitral valve disease according to the recommendations of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) and no signs of comorbidities. During the study, three experimental groups of animals were formed according to the clinical and functional status characteristic of each stage of MMVD development – B1, B2, C. According to the results, all experimental dogs showed changes in the mitral apparatus in the form of thickening of the anterior and posterior cusps, mitral valve (MV) prolapse into the left atrial (LA) cavity and regurgitation (MR), the severity of which increased with the stage of the disease (from 20 % to 60 %). In 44.4 % of animals in group B2, thickening of the left ventricular walls was diagnosed in diastole and in 22.2 % in systole. Instead, these values increase to 46.1 % and 53.8 % in group C, respectively. However, the degree of hypertrophy is disproportionate. With the development of the disease, we detect its decrease from 0.64 ± 0.03 (group B1) to 0.50 ± 0.04 (group B2) and 0.51 ± 0.03 (group C) also we observed an increase in LVEDD/2 from 1.30 ± 0.05 cm (group B1) to 1.46 ± 0.12 cm (group B2) and 1.54 ± 0.13 cm (group C). The value of nLVEDD in B1 was 1.36 times (P < 0.001) lower compared to B2 and C. Higher values of this parameter were found in 23.1 % of dogs in group C compared to the maximum value of B2. As MV insufficiency progresses, the LA/Ao index increases slightly (1.08 times) in B2, followed by an increase in C (1.38 times, P < 0.001). At the same time, we diagnose an increase (P < 0.05) in PV/PA by 1.18 times in B2 and 1.46 times (P < 0.001) in C. Thus, an increase in the severity of mitral regurgitation, a rapid increase in nLVEDD, the dynamics of the decrease in the degree of hypertrophy h/R, as well as an increase in LA/AO, PV/PA indices are predictors of unfavorable prognosis of myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve in dogs
Сell death and its significance in reproductive pathology
Get PDFSince the middle of the last century, scientists have been interested in the mechanisms of regulation of cell division, differentiation and aging of cells. The first objects of study were insects, helminths and other living organisms. From the very beginning, in the biology of cell development and regulation, scientists have attached leading importance to genetic factors. Later, more and more experience was gained on the influence of intracellular factors, metabolic changes and exogenous pathogens on the programmed cell death. Recent research on cell biology and pathology has focused on the study of apoptosis. The first described phenomenon of programmed cell death was apoptosis. Subsequent studies were aimed at the study programmed cell death. This review will provide an opportunity to consider the biological mechanisms of programmed cell death, differences and species characteristics. The author described the clinical aspects of apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis and their importance in the formation of cellular homeostasis. In the present review article simple classification system, where the cell death entities are primarily categorized into programmed cell death. Multiple mechanisms and phenotypes compose programmed non-apoptotic cell death, including: autophagy, entosis, methuosis and paraptosis, mitoptosis and parthanatos, ferroptosis, pyroptosis NETosis and necroptosis. Changes of cellular regulation at development of pathologies at people and animals are considered. Cell biology includes a variety of mechanisms of programmed aging and death. Modern research is aimed at deepening the study multiple mechanisms and phenotypes compose programmed. Cells. will certainly be taken into account by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death. Cellular regulation is associated with a variety of physiological mechanisms of development, and is also important in processes such as inflammation, immune response, embryogenesis maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Study of factors of influence and mechanisms of regulation of aging of cells opens a curtain for development of the newest means of diagnostics of pathologies and development of pharmacological means for correction of cellular mechanisms at development of pathologies
Economic efficiency of different treatment schemes of cats microsporia
Get PDFThe most common fungal skin disease in animals is microsporia; the principal causative agent is the fungus Microsporum canis. The disease is of fungal etiology and highly contagious. The pathogen can stay in the environment for a long time and pose a risk of human infection. Cats, especially those walking on the street, are a significant factor in transmitting the infection. Spores of Microsporum canis can persist on the surface of the cat's body for a long time and, under favorable conditions, can provoke clinical manifestations of the disease. Under these circumstances, they are intensively distributed in the environment. Therefore, choosing the optimal therapeutic approach to solving this problem is essential. Treatment of sick animals should be practical and aimed at preventing the spread of the pathogen and cost-effective and beneficial to both veterinary specialists and owners of sick cats, as the duration of treatment is on average 14–21 days in order to determine the cost-effectiveness of treatment of microsporia in cats with the antifungal agent “Micromar” and immunostimulant “Biogluk” in comparison with other schemes, the calculation of the cost-effectiveness ratio CER. This made it possible to obtain accurate and complete data, as it took into account the cost of treatment and the number of animals that recovered during the complex therapy. Sick animals were divided into three groups. Each sick animal received treatment for 21 days. The first group was treated with the systemic antifungal itraconazole and treated with a 1 % solution of clotrimazole. The second group was vaccinated twice with Vakderm antifungal vaccine and treated daily with a topical antifungal agent (1 % clotrimazole solution). The third group used the antifungal agent “Micromar” and immunostimulant “Biogluk”. To control the quality of therapy, culture was performed on the nutrient medium for dermatophytes from the affected areas of the animal's body. The calculation of cost-effectiveness indicators showed that the treatment of cats with microsporia is effective in all groups of studied animals, as recovery occurred in each patient. However, the costs of therapy are different. In particular, in the first group, the CER coefficient is – 48.00 hryvnias, in the second – 42.00 hryvnias, in the third – 13.00 hryvnias
Features of the clinical manifestation of the cutaneous form of mastocytoma in dogs
Get PDFAccording to foreign researchers, mastocytoma is one of the most common (7–12 %) skin tumors in dogs. The study aimed to study the features of the clinical manifestation of cutaneous mast cells according to the criteria of the clinical TNM classification. We analyzed 24 cases of cutaneous mastocytoma in dogs during 2016–2020, of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in the Department of Surgery and Clinic of the Small Pets Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv. According to the criteria of the international clinical TNM classification at the time of admission to the clinic in 7 (29.2 %) dogs established stage I of the tumor, 10 (41.7 %) – II, 6 (25 %) – III, and 1 4.1 %) animals – stage IV. Based on cytological evaluation of biopsy material selected from tumors and regional lymph nodes of low-grade mastocytes, 17 (70.8 %) animals were found, and in 7 (29.2 %) cases, neoplasia was characterized as high-grade
Evaluation of the state of industrial water bioresources in fish areas of Ukraine
Get PDFAgriculture, fisheries, and the food industry play a key role in ensuring the country's food security. The modern fishing industry in Ukraine is a highly industrial, capital-intensive, integrated production with high production costs, which is designed to ensure the socio-economic development of many coastal regions and provide the population with valuable protein products necessary for healthy eating. The total volume of extracted aquatic organisms in III and IV zones of aquaculture of Ukraine was studied; dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms by regions and fishery zones on the territory of Ukraine; the structure of fishing by regions in the inland waters of Ukraine is analyzed; the leading representatives of catches in inland waters of Ukraine by regions were identified. Considering the dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms in inland waters from 2005 to 2020, it was found that production decreased significantly in almost all Ukraine regions and some regions decreased to almost zero. Studies have shown that the total production of aquatic bioresources in 2005 amounted to 42.364 tons, in 2010 – 37.615 tons, in 2015 – 35.985 tons, in 2020 – 22.267 tons. In all periods, leaders among the production in inland waters are Odesa and Cherkasy regions. Comparing the data for 2005 and 2020, it can be seen that catches have almost halved. It is established that, according to the analysis, the main representatives of the caught ichthyofauna are: grass carp, carp, crucian, bream, silver carp, ram, pike perch, pike, perch, catfish. The structure of catches for the whole period remains almost unchanged. The largest catches (2019) are: carp – 1704 tons; silver carp – 675 tons Sumy region; crucian carp – 398.8 tons; ram (flat) – 364.5 tons Kyiv region. The main species found in the catches of other regions are – the Volyn region – carp (237 tons), Zhytomyr region – silver carp (300 t), Lviv region – carp (499 tons), Rivne region – carp (134 tons), Ternopil region – carp (342.4 tons), Khmelnytsky region – carp (279.2 tons), Chernihiv region. – carp (352.8 t). Pike, grass carp, and catfish were the least caught in the whole territory of Ukraine. It should be noted that several factors that affect fish stocks of inland waters, and consequently catches, most often consider the impact of environmental factors, destruction and inefficiency of spawning grounds, age and sex structure of populations, poaching, etc
Comparison of cytotoxicity evaluation of chlorogenic acid extract between Real-time cell analysis and CCK-8 method
Get PDFCritical cytotoxicity evaluation of pharmaceuticals is necessary for the clinical practice of chemotherapy. To quantitatively evaluate cell viability, currently there are two main types of sensitive methods including real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and CCK-8 assay, in which RTCA records electrochemical signal changes around an incubated cell, whereas CCK-8 is based on the colorimetric method. Despite the different detection principles adopted for the cytotoxicity assessment, the comparison of the two methods in terms of the application scope is lacking. In order to compare and determine the best experimental method for the study of the toxicity of chlorogenic acid extract from taraxacum officinale on dairy cow mammary epithelial cells. The real time cell analysis (RTCA) and CCK-8 method were used to analyze the cytotoxicity of chlorogenic acid extract to BMEC and calculate its IC50. The results of the real time cell analysis method and the CCK-8 method showed that different concentrations of chlorogenic acid extract reduced the viability of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells, and the decrease was most obvious at 400 ug/mL. The IC50 of the two analysis methods were 326.8 and 320.4 ug/mL, respectively. In contrast, the CCK-8 method had limitations in fixed-point determination. However, the real time cell analysis method can monitor the dynamic biological response process of cell growth and proliferation in real time. Therefore, the real time cell analysis method can observe cell growth more intuitively and accurately, compensate for the shortcomings of the CCK-8 method, and it is a new experimental method for studying cytotoxicity