Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
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Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue of young pigs of large white breed and their correlation with some serum enzymes
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical parameters of blood serum, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue of young white pigs of English origin, as well as to calculate the level of correlations between the main quantitative traits. The experimental part of the work was carried out in LTd “AF” Dzerzhynets” Dnipropetrovsk region, Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of Agricultural Resources Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Ltd “Globinsky Meat Plant” Poltava region, laboratory of zootechnical analysis of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agriculture and livestock laboratories of the Institute of Cereals NAAS. Blood sampling for biochemical studies was performed in 5-month-old animals, serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and α-amylase was determined. Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the longest muscle of the back (m. Longissimus dorsi) were studied on the indicators of “moisture holding capacity, %”, “color intensity, units. ext. × 1000”, “tenderness”, c, “fat content, %”, “total moisture content, %”, “protein content, %”, “heat loss, %”, and “energy value of muscle tissue, kcal”. It was found that the biochemical parameters of blood serum of young pigs of large white breed at 5 months of age correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals. Thus, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is 1.33 ± 0.074 mmol/h/l, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) – 1.87 ± 0.063 mmol/h/l, alkaline phosphatase – 291.99 ± 12.517 IU/l,α-amylase – 169.82 ± 5.005 g/h×l. Studies of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of samples of the longest back muscle of young pigs of large white breed show that the number of high quality samples in terms of “moisture holding capacity, %” is equal to 12.0%, “color intensity, units. ext. × 1000” – 16.0 %, “tenderness, c” – 12.0 % and “fat content, %” – 16.0 %. Significant correlations were established between the following pairs of features: moisture holding capacity, % × protein content, % (-0.484 ± 0.1825, tr = 2.65), moisture holding capacity, % × heat loss, % -0.416 ± 0.1896, tr = 2.19), fat content, % × moisture holding capacity, %, (-0.450 ± 01862, tr = 2.42), fat content, % × energy value, kcal (0.836 ± 0.1144, tr = 7.31), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, mmol/h/l × pH, units of acidity, (0.443 ± 0.1859, tr = 2.37), alkaline phosphatase activity, units/l × color intensity, units. ext. × 1000 (-0.483 ± 0.1826, tr = 2.65), alkaline phosphatase activity, units/l × P, % (0.484 ± 0.1825, tr = 2.65)
The importance of metabolic processes and immune responses in the development of pathology of cows during pregnancy and postpartum periods
Get PDFThe reproductive function of cows is ensured by a homeostasis system. The aim of this study to investigate scientific data and analyze modern practical approaches related to metabolic disorders. Also investigating immune response. The object of the research was the cows (Bos taurus taurus) of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. Using the method in groups and periods. The control group of animals The control group of animals (C1, n=137) – cows with a physiological of pregnancy (248-255 days). Re-examination of control animals (C2, n=137) was carried out during the postpartum period. The first experimental group (E1, n = 32) consisted of animals diagnosed with preeclampsia. Cows with a subclinical course of ketosis constituted the second group (E2, n = 52). The development of preeclampsia of cows was accompanied by an increase in the content of medium-sized peptides from 0.2 ± 0.01 to 0.3 ± 0.03 Mol.Wt. (P < 0.01), and an increase in the level of average molecular circulating immune complexes. It is proved that an imbalance in the diet and a deficiency of metabolic energy during the dry period and for 6-8 weeks after birth negatively affects the health of animals, is the cause of metabolic disorders and the manifestation of reproductive pathologies
The effectiveness of using protein mixed feed in feeding honey bees
Get PDFThe study of effectiveness of the use of protein feeding bees was carried out in the conditions of the apiary ALLC “Volodymyr” in village Shershni Tyvriv district of Vinnytsia oblast. According to the principle of analogous groups were selected bee colonies for the formation of experimental groups. Protein feed was moistened with 50% sugar syrup and filled in the honeycomb. According to the experimental scheme during the preparatory period the bee colonies of the experimental groups II, III and IV were fed a feed mixture in an amount of 25 g per day. According to the experimental scheme during the main period bee colonies were fed a feed mixture of 70 g per day. Accounting of bees brood on the set dates was carried out at the expense of a grid frame every 12 days. Commercial honey was determined by weighing after pumping from each bee colonies separately. Forage honey was determined by weighing the honeycomb and then subtracting the conditional mass of the honeycomb. During the experimental Ukrainian breed bee colonies were involved which they were kept in long hive. Care and maintenance for bee colonies were the same. It was studied the effectiveness of using combined protein feeds in bee feeding. It is proved that in the spring during the harvesting honey use protein feeds (defatted soya flour with soy peptides and pollen) for feeding bees has a positive effect on the brood rearing by bee colonies and the production of honey and wax in the following sequence: defatted soya flour and pollen (50 % + 50 %) defatted soya flour and soy peptides (50 % + 50 %) defatted soya flour (100 %)
The influence of the preparation “Bendamin” on the morphological and biochemical indices of blood of rats in experimental modeling of heart failure
Get PDFThe purpose of this work was to study the influence of “Bendamin” on the morphological and biochemical indices of rat blood in experimental modeling of heart failure. The investigation were performed on white sexually mature young male-rats of Wistar line weighing 180–200 g, kept at the standard ration of the institute vivarium of the State Research Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Fodder Additives. To create a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, 24 male rats were selected. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals in each: control group – intact animals; experimental group E1, in which animals were modeled doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by intraperitoneal injected of doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks; experimental group E2, in which animals, after injection of doxorubicin, the preparation “Bendamin” was injected in the dose 20 mg/kg intragastrically. For experimental modeling of heart a decrease in the number of red blood cells was found in the blood of rats of the first experimental group by 34.7 % and hemoglobin level – by 24.2 %, with a simultaneous increase in the average hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte by 16.2 %. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats of the first experimental group was accompanied by a decrease in leukocyte count by 22.2 %, an increase in uric acid level by almost in 2 times, creatinine by 11.4 %, cholesterol by 61.1 %. In the research of the protein synthesizing function of the liver of rats in experimental modeling of heart failure, a decrease in total protein by 9.6 % was found. These changes were accompanied by a slight decrease in albumin levels and a slight increase in globulin levels. By intoxication with doxorubicin, rats of the first experimental group showed a violation of the functional state of the liver, indicating an increase in the activity of aminotransferases in their blood, namely: AlAT by 34.2 %, AsAT – by 21.7 %, accordingly. Positive action of cardio preparation “Bendamin” on rats organism under conditions of creation of a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was installed, manifested by the normalization of hematological and biochemical parameters, functional status and protein synthesis of the liver
Emergency contraception using progestin drugs in domestic cats
Get PDFToday, in conditions of strict quarantine, when it is not always possible to carry out surgery in cats, some methods of emergency drug contraception can be used. Over the years, many contraceptive medications have been developed for companion animals, but many secondary adverse effects have limited their use. However, in all species, the secondary adverse effects of progesterone-type drugs limit their use and vary depending on when treatment is given in relationship to the stage of the estrous cycle. An ideal non-surgical sterilant would be safe, effective, permanent, administered as a single injection and capable of being manufactured inexpensively. Contraceptives are used for cats, as a method of renewable fertility over time for breeding animals, as a method of suppressing sexual function for animals at risk for surgery, and to prevent over populations in stray cats. The use of non-surgical, safe and effective methods of suppression of sexual function in cats eliminates traumatization, anesthesia and complicated postoperative period in animals, which in some cases are impossible in the state of health, etc. The most common and affordable method of medical contraception is progestins, such as megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, proligestone (used orally or as a depot injection). These drugs are effective in inhibiting sexual function. Contraceptives for felids are available as implants, depot injections, and pills or liquid for oral administration, powder for mixing with food, or as vaccines. Regimens may differ according to the timing of first treatment, whether coinciding with the active reproductive period, preceding this period, or during anestrus. Ideally, the treatment regimen is initiated during anestrus to minimize the dose needed for reproductive suppression and to avert exposure to endogenous steroids that can cause lesions in reproductive organs
Dynamics of individual indicators of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens on the background of combined stress when included in the diet “Reasil Humic Vet” + “Laktin” and “Reasil Humic Health”
Get PDFThe body of broiler chickens is characterized by a high metabolism, which promotes rapid growth and development, but their performance indicators are largely related to housing conditions, which are known to include a number of technological stressors. With the development of stress in the body of poultry changes the course of metabolic processes, which causes changes in all types of metabolism, including protein. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in individual indicators of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens against the background of combined stress when included in the diet “Reasil Humic Vet” + “Laktin” and “Reasil Humic Health”. At 13th day of life, all clinically healthy poultry were exposed to combined stress – revaccination (intranasal Newcastle disease) plus cold stress (for 60 minutes by air conditioning and 5 °C in the vivarium). Material for research was selected for 3 days after the action of the stress factor (stage of anxiety), 13, 20 and 26 days after the action of the stress factor (the resistance stage). The material for the study was blood plasma, which determined the concentration of total protein, as well as the content of albumin, globulin fraction (α1, α2, β, γ). It was found that 3 days after the action of stress in chickens of Control group the development of adaptive reactions is manifested by the stability of the total protein content and redistribution of the fractional composition of plasma globulins in the form of increased albumin and α2-globulins. At different stages of development of the stage of resistance in birds of Control group, the content of total protein decreases by an average of 14.6 % due to the content of albumin by 6.9 % and α2-globulins – by 15.9 %, against the background of increasing α1- and γ-globulins by 23.1 and 33.5 % with the stabilization of individual studied indicators at the final stages of development of the resistance stage. The use in the diet of broilers feed “Reasil Humic Vet”, probiotic feed supplement “Laktin”, feed “Reasil Humic Health” under the influence of complex stress helps to increase the intensity of protein metabolism in poultry with the development of adaptation syndrome, as evidenced by the growth of total protein on average by 37.8 % (P < 0.05) and albumin – by 17.0 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the intensity of protein-synthesizing properties of the organism. In different periods of stress in the blood of broiler chickens Research groups there is an increase in the ratio of individual protein fractions, especially the content of γ-globulins - an average of 21.3 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the immune status of their body with a predominance of numerical values in the Research 1 group of poultry
Evaluation the effect of using thyme and oregano powder in comparison to the antibiotic and probiotic supplementation on growth, some immune responses and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks
Get PDFTo determine the effect of using thyme and oregano powder supplementation on performance, some immune response and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks a total of 200 one-day-old Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were divided into the four treatments consisting of five replicates of 10 chicks each. The treatments were as control groups with no herbal, antibiotic and probiotic supplementations. control groups + virginiamycine antibiotic, control groups + protexin probiotic, control groups + 2 % of each thyme and oregano powder supplementation and Control groups + 4 % of each thyme and oregano powder supplementation. The performance parameters such as feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured during the study period. To determine immunity parameters on days 28, 0.5 mL of 10 % sheep red blood cells suspension was administrated to two chicks per each replicate through and at day 31, 3 mL blood samples were collected from left wing. On day 42, jejunum tissue samples were separated and fixed in (10 %) neutral buffer formalin and were analyzed by auto-processing apparatus, there after the slide sections were prepared by rotary microtome type (Manubeni, Erma-Tokyo, Japan) and the average of villi measurements was reported as a mean for each bird. The result of this study showed that the dietary inclusion of herbals and probiotic had no significant effects on FI and FCR of broiler chicks but higher body weight gain were seen with they received thyme+oregano supplementation. Inclusion of thyme+oregano and probiotic increased humeral immunity in broiler chicks compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally heterophil, lymphocyte and their ratio were not influenced by experimental treatments. The villus length, villus width, and crypt depth were increased were the birds feed by oregano and thyme powders. In conclusion in current study some of beneficial acts toward using thyme and oregano powders on performance, some immune parameters and intestinal morphology on broiler chicks were demonstrated
Modern state of fish and fishery products export in Ukraine
Get PDFFor every country in the world trade plays an important role in the fishing industry as an employment center, a food supplier, a source of income, a contribution to economic growth and development, as well as it provides food security and nutrition. In fisheries the fierce competition not only for resources but also for markets is not weakening. Leading fishing states are implementing the strategies aimed at ensuring the excellence in both domestic and foreign markets. The purpose of the work was to find out a current state of the fish and fish products export in Ukraine. Based on the specialized literature a current state of the fish and fish products export in Ukraine has been evaluated. A state of the fish and fish products export in Ukraine from 2015 to 2019 was analyzed; the main consumer countries of Ukrainian fish and fish products were identified; the structure of Ukrainian fish and fish products export was analyzed and the ways to increase the export of Ukrainian fish products in the main fish markets of the World were determined. Nowadays Ukraine has excellent resources for growing and catching fish and is gradually gaining the fish markets of many countries around the world. To develop the fishing industry the state constantly allocates the funds that are to support the industrial species of aquatic bio-resources, especially herbivorous fish, which do not breed naturally in Ukraine, to update the material and technical base for genetic research and cryopreservation work, etc. It was established that in recent years there is a tendency to increase the export of fish and fishery products of Ukraine in the markets of different countries of the World. In 2015 this figure was 6.4 thousand tons of fish and fishery products, and in 2019 it reached 7.6 thousand tons. The main countries that buy Ukrainian fish are: Moldova, Denmark, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Germany. The main export is processed fish products: crab sticks, canned sardines, coleslaw, while sprats or sprats, frozen cod, salmon and other fish
Energy evaluation of cows using genetic markers
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to research the polymorphism of allelic variants of somatotropin GH genes and pituitary-specific transcription factor PIT-1 and its influence on bioenergetic parameters of high-yielding of Holstein breed cows in intensive milk production technology (cold method of growing heifers, early insemination of heifers. high daily operating loads on the body, etc.). Genotypes of cows were determined by PCR. Blood DNA was examined in a genetic laboratory. Isolation of genomic DNA was performed using resin “Chelex-100”. The reaction was performed in an amplifier “Tertsyk”. For the energy assessment of first-born cows used indicators of net maintenance energy (MJ per day), net milk energy (MJ per day), total net energy consumption (MJ per day), the value of the energy index (the share of energy released from milk, %), productivity index (kilogram of 4 % milk per 1 MJ), net energy consumption per 1 MJ of milk (MJ), energy released with milk per 1 kg of metabolic mass (MJ). The best energy parameters in cows by GH gene – LL genotype, by pituitary-specific transcription factor PIT-1 – AB genotype, and among paired genotypes – LL/AB and LL/BB. In these animals, bioenergetic indicators for the first and second periods of lactation were higher than their peers of LV, BB and LV/BB genotypes by 2.0–15.2 %, with a reliable result for most traits. In particular, during the first lactation period, the advantage of cows of the LL/AB genotype over the LV/BB genotype in terms of bioenergetic indicators was 3.9–15.2 %, significantly less than in the second lactation period in the range of 1.8–7.4 %. In the genome of pituitary-specific transcription factor PIT-1, better bioenergetic parameters were found in cows of genotype AB than in cows of genotype BB. The difference in bioenergetic parameters is explained by the higher lactotropic function of the L and A alleles, and is the result of a greater complementary effect on the functioning of the alleles of the associated genes in the complex genotype. This was confirmed by the analysis of variance of one-factor complexes, which revealed a stronger influence of genotypes on bioenergetic parameters during the first period of lactation than the second. However, the strength of the influence of the paired genotype on the GH and PIT-1 genes was always high regardless of the lactation period and ranged from 8.9 to 20.9 % (P < 0.01–0.001). In the future, it is of interest to study the formation of the exterior and constitution of cows of different genetic influences under the influence of polymorphisms in the GH and PIT-1 genes
Pathoanatomical and pathogistological changes in organs and tissues of indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) during histomonosis
Get PDFHistomonosis is a fairly common disease in poultry – turkeys, laying hens, guineafowls, geese, ducks. Spontaneous cases of histomonosis in Indian peafowls do not occur very often, thus they feature less frequently in the scientific literature. Among possible reasons for this to happen is that they are kept in zoos or at private farms, where their death is mainly attributed to complications caused by E. coli or Clostridium microorganisms. The article demonstrates pathoanatomical and pathohistological changes in the organs of Indian peafowls during spontaneous histomonosis characterized by liver and caecum lesions alongside developed multifocal necrotic hepatitis and diphtheria typhlitis. Clinical signs of the disease in Indian peafowls manifested with gradual feed refusal, the bird was becoming depressed and hiding its head under the wing. The first death of a female Indian peafowl was recorded 10–14 days after the onset of such clinical signs. During histological examination, massive necrotic lesions were detected in the liver and in places of intensive development of histomonas. Cell infiltration consisting of pseudo-eosinophils, lymphoid and histiocytic cells was formed around these lesions. The penetration of histomonas into the mucous membrane of the caecum caused proliferative processes by cellular elements, which was also accompanied by heterophilic-leukocyte infiltration and the formation of cell granulomas in places where histomonas were located