Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
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Use of plant-derived drugs in the prevention and treatment of dairy cow mastitis
Get PDFDairy cow mastitis is one of most seriously diseases affecting dairy herds. The prevention and treatment of this pathology is especially done through antimicrobials, but the increasing antimicrobial resistance of pathogens to this disease may affect the efficiency of conventional drugs. Plant extracts are increasingly being valued by livestock producers because of their wide sources, low toxic and side effects, and high environmental affinity. Thereby, a lot of research has been conducted on the control of dairy cow mastitis by plant-derived drugs in recent years. This review summarizes the current of the plant types, main active ingredients, and the mechanism of action of plant extracts for preventing and treating dairy cow mastitis. Finally, a review was carried out to prospect the future development of plant extracts in the treatment of dairy cow mastitis
Influence of low temperatures on heat balance in easily assembled premises of different types
Get PDFThe purpose of this work was to analyze the thermal balance of easily assembled premises of different types and sizes during the periods of low average daily temperatures. The research was conducted during the winter period of 2020–2021 in the Kyiv region. The used material was easily assembled premises of different types and sizes: easily assembled ones without insulation elements; with elements of warming and premises with deep-litter. In each of the studied premises were kept 400 dairy cows. The studies were performed during two periods: the first period had ambient temperatures from -10 to -14.9 °C and the second one from -15.0 °C and below. In our studies, the average daily temperature (during the ambient temperature from -10 to 14.9 °C) in easily assembled premises with the use of insulation elements was 6.20 and 5.31 °C higher than in premises without insulation and deep-litter. A similar trend was observed during the period of lowering the ambient temperature up to 15 °C and below. Thus, the advantage of the premises without insulation constituted 6.28 °C, and of the premises with deep-litter per 5.84 °C, respectively. It was found that keeping in easy-to-assemble premises with insulation elements, the consumption of free thermal energy from the whole herd during the experimental periods was lower compared to the keeping in a boxing cowshed and a cowshed with deep litter. This is due to the smaller range of fluctuations in the average daily temperature in a room with insulation elements. A similar trend was observed for energy consumption through enclosing structures and for moisture evaporation and, accordingly, total heat consumption. In general, heat deficiency was observed during the keeping of cows in the investigated premises of easily assembled type at negative temperatures (-10–14.9 and -15 °С and above). Accordingly, the thermal balance of the premises was negative. The highest values of heat balance among easily assembled premises in both research periods were observed for keeping in rooms that used insulation elements
The effect of the drug “Bendamine” on the clinical and morphological parameters of dogs in heart failure
Get PDFThe study aimed to investigate the effect of the drug “Bendamine” on dogs' clinical and morphological parameters in heart failure. Two groups of dogs were formed for research: control (healthy) and experimental (sick). The 30-day experiment included ten dogs from the control group, ten dogs of the observed (unhealthy) spaniel breed, and 10–12 years old dogs. The treatment regimen for sick dogs: furosemide was administered orally on an empty stomach at 2 mg/kg every 12 hours; enalapril was administered orally at 0.5 mg/kg every 12 hours; Bendamine was administered orally on an empty stomach at 20 mg/kg every 24 hours. It is recommended to divide the dose into two doses. In the study of hematopoiesis, we found that erythrocytes in dogs with heart failure increased by 18.2 %, while hemoglobin levels decreased by 1.8 %. Before treatment, red blood cell counts were found to reduce the mean hemoglobin in the erythrocyte and the mean erythrocyte volume. In the experimental group of dogs treated with the “Bendamine”, normalization of morphological blood parameters was found. The number of erythrocytes was 5.8 ± 0.06 T/L, and the hemoglobin level was 143.5 ± 4.7 g/L. The use of the drug “Bendamine” contributed to the gradual restoration of the functional state of the hematopoietic system in dogs with heart failure. This is also indicated by the red blood cell index of the dogs after the course of treatment. The therapy application in the experimental group significantly reduced the frequency and severity of shortness of breath and increased endurance during exercise. There was also a decrease in the frequency and duration of cough attacks. After treatment, signs, and intensity of ascites decreased in dogs of the experimental group. It has been suggested that this is due to an increase in myocardial contractile function due to the positive ionotropic action of Bendamine. The owners also recorded an improvement in appetite in animals after 30 days of therapy. Even in the dogs of the experimental group, after treatment, physical activity and emotional reactions improved. They were less depressed and more inclined to communicate with the owners. Thus, the use of the cardiac drug “Bendamine” in dogs with heart failure positively affected the restoration of hematopoiesis and the normalization of morphological parameters of the blood
Antimicrobial peptide MPX alleviates the lethal attack of Escherichia coli in mice
Get PDFEscherichia coli is an important zoonotic pathogen causing intestinal diseases. In recent years, due to the unreasonable use of antibiotics, the drug resistance of bacteria has been increasing, and the proportion of multi-drug resistant strains has also been rising, which directly threatens the health of animals and humans. The antimicrobial peptide MPX was isolated from wasp venom and had better antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Studies have found that MPX had better bactericidal activity against E. coli in vitro. However, whether MPX also has better bactericidal activity in mice is still unknown. This study found that E. coli infected mice lost appetite, diarrhea, and grouping together, while MPX treatment significantly alleviated these symptoms. The autopsy results found that the intestinal congestion, bleeding, thinning of the intestinal wall, yellow viscous fluid in the intestinal cavity, congestion of the lungs, necrosis in the liver, congestion, and bleeding of the spleen, and MPX treatment effectively relieved the above symptoms. The qRT-PCR results found that MPX could increase the mRNA expression of the antibacterial protein TFF3 in the jejunum and colon and reduce the expression of the antibacterial protein Remlβ and REG3γ in the jejunum and colon. H&E staining results further found that MPX could alleviate the pathological damage of mouse intestines and organs caused by E. coli infection. The above results show that MPX has good bactericidal activity against E. coli infection in mice, providing an essential reference for screening drugs for the clinical treatment of E. coli infection
Hematological, immunological and histological changes in guinea pigs in the treatment of microsporia with drugs “Micromar” and “Biogluk”
Get PDFMicrosporia is a common infectious disease in the practice of a veterinarian. This disease carries a risk of human infection because it is anthropozoonotic. The main pathogen Microsporum sanis affects the upper layers of the skin and has the ability to stay on the body of an animal for up to two years. Therefore, treatment should be carried out by a complex method and be aimed at preventing the spread of the pathogen in the environment and increase the body's resistance in the fight against the disease. “Micromar” based on clotrimazole and povidone iodine and the immunostimulant “Biogluc” based on beta glucan and biotin were used to treat patients with microsporia. Clotrimazole and povidone iodine have antifungal and antiseptic properties, and beta glucan in combination with biotin stimulates the immune response and accelerates the regeneration of damaged skin. In order to determine the immune reactivity of the organism in the treatment of microsporia, hematological, immunological blood tests and histological examinations of the skin of guinea pigs infected with the pathogen M. canis were performed. The obtained results showed that when using the antifungal drug “Micromar” and immunostimulant “Biogluk” the number of leukocytes decreases from 11.13 ± 0.72 to 6.95 ± 0.10 109/L, rod-shaped neutrophils from 16.00 ± 1.29 to 6.17 ± 0.65 %, ESR from 5.67 ± 0.67 to 2.17 ± 0.31 mm/h, and the number of segmental neutrophils increases from 12.17 ± 1.47 to 22.00 ± 0, 86 %. There is a tendency to increase T-helpers. These changes indicate the development of an active immune response to the inflammatory process. In the structure of the skin there is a decrease in exudation and infiltration in the dermis, active trophism of hair follicles, which indicates the course of regenerative processes
Prevalence of some common bacterial diseases in commercial poultry farm
Get PDFBacterial disease of poultry is one of the major constraints to the expansion of poultry industry. The study was undertaken to investigate some common bacterial diseases in commercial poultry farm. A total of 100 sick and dead chickens (67 broilers, 26 layers and 7 sonali) were collected from different poultry farms which were subjected to postmortem examination for tentative diagnosis. After the post-mortem examination, out of 100 collected dead chickens, bacterial diseases were confirmed 58 %. Among them 52 % of the chickens were diagnosed tentatively to be the case of colibacillosis, 4 % salmonellosis, and 2 % of fowl cholera. In post-mortem examination, some pathological lesions like: omphalitis, fibrinopurulent fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity, air sacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis, extreme congestion and septicemia in intestine for colibacillosis infection; unabsorbed yolk mass, bronze discoloration and friable liver, hemorrhages in spleen, misshaped ova for salmonellosis as well as swollen and hardening of comb, congestion of skin, multiple pin point pale color necrotic lesion on liver, pin point hemorrhage on fat muscle of heart were observed for fowl cholera infection. Hence, this study will definitely help to perceive the prevalence of common bacterial diseases like colibacillosis, salmonellosis and fowl cholera infection in commercial poultry farm
System of antioxidant protection of the body of piglets under the action of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus”
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” on the state of the antioxidant defense system of piglets during weaning. The experiments were conducted on the basis of the LTD “KOSHET” Mukachevo district of Zakarpattia region. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental, in the amount of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the principle of analogs – age, breed and body weight. Animals were fed according to the norms for this age of pigs. On the 28th day of life, the piglets were weaned from the sow and regrouped from different nests for further maintenance during fattening and rearing with a change in the structure of the diet, which served as technological stress for the animal's body. Piglets of the experimental group, from 21 to 40 days of age, were additionally fed the feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day. The material for the study was blood, which was taken in the morning before feeding the animals by puncture of the cranial vena cava for 20 days of life (the period before weaning), for 25 days of life (the period before weaning), for 30 days of life (2 days after weaning), for 35 days of life (7 days after weaning), 40 days of life (12 days after weaning). It is proved that feeding piglets feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” enhanced the antioxidant status of piglets after weaning. It was found that under conditions of technological stress, the use of feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” in the amount of 100 mg/kg body weight per day improves the antioxidant defense of the body, as evidenced by an increase in blood 35-day-old piglets superoxide dismutase activity by 26.7 % (P < 0.001), catalase – by 39.5 % (P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase – by 51.7 % (P < 0.05), glutathione reductase – by 52.9 % (P < 0.05), the content of reduced glutathione – at 58.3 % (P < 0.001). These results confirm the effectiveness of the use of milk thistle, methionine, selenium, and vitamins A, E, and D3 in the feed additive “Butaselmevit-plus” to piglets in the period before and after weaning to activate the protective systems of their body
Natural biologically active additive in feeding calves
Get PDFStudies on the effectiveness of the inclusion of sodium humate in the diet of young cattle were conducted on four groups of animals. Installed improvement in the consumption of hay by the bulls of the experimental groups by 12.5–20 % compared with the control young was found, as a result of which they consumed more feed units by 1.5, 2.3, and 3.5 %, exchange energy – by 2.4, 3.9 and 5.1 %, digestible protein – by 1.2, 2.1 and 3.7 %. As a result of the inclusion of sodium humate in the diet as part of the KR-2 compound feed, the amount of hemoglobin in the blood of animals of the II experimental group increased by 5.8 %, in III – by 6.8, in IV – by 7.8 % compared to control analogs. With the growth of calves in the blood, the bactericidal activity of blood serum increased by 1.3, 1.9, and 2.5 %, lysozyme activity increased by 0.1 %, 0.2, 0.3 %, which indicates an increase in natural resistance in animals whose diets were injected with the studied peat and sapropel preparation. The use of sodium humate in the feed of bulls in the composition of compound feed KR-2 has a positive effect on the feed consumption, physiological condition, resistance of animals, which provides an increase in the average daily increase in live weight by 3.2–9.4 % while reducing the cost of its production by 2.9–8.5 percent
Contemporary approaches to assessment of the body's condition of dogs with gastrointestinal pathologies based on the intensity of the inflammato-ry process and the level of endogenous intoxication
Get PDFDue to the existing methods of diagnosing diseases of domestic animals are ineffective and imperfect, our goal was to develop a technology for assessing the state of the body of dogs to be able to diagnose the occurrence of diseases at an early stage. The article provides data on the development of technology to assess the state of the body, as well as to check its functioning in practice by determining the presence of such typical pathological processes (TPP) as inflammation and endogenous intoxication of the German Shepherd dogs. Clinical, laboratory, and statistical methods were used for the study. As a result of the study, an effective method of assessing the condition of the dog's body was developed and based on two algorithms for determining the intensity of the inflammatory process and endogenous intoxication. This method is effective, sensitive, and fully reproducible in practice, which allows the veterinarian to correctly diagnose and effectively carry out therapy and rehabilitation of sick animals
The enzyme activity dynamic relationship with the content of structural polypeptides of enterocyte membranes in cattle fetal
Get PDFThe article performs new data on the relationship between the hydrolytic and transport enzyme activity at different poles of the enterocytes plasmolemma of cow's fetal large intestine with the content of individual fractions of polypeptides. An expressive direct dependence of enzyme activity dynamics on the apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes containing low molecular weight proteins and an inverse relationship with the concentration of proteins with medium and large molecular weights has been proved. It was found that the alkaline activity of the phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase on the apical domain of enterocyte plasmolemma is directly related to the proteins content with molecular masses of 9.6–14.2 kD, 21 kD, 22.5 kD, 26 kD, 33 kD, 35 kD, 170–185 kD, and 205 kD (P ≤ 0.05–0.001). Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity is straightly related to protein quantity with molecular weights of 15.5 kDa and 39 kD (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase and GGT activity have inverse correlations with the content of polypeptides with molecular masses of 46 kD, 63 kD, and 250 kD in the apical membrane of enterocytes (P ≤ 0.01–0.001). The lactase activity in the cattle enterocytes apical membrane during the test period has significant direct correlations only with the amount of the polypeptide of polypeptides with molecular weights of 31 kD, 39 kD, and 100 kD (P ≤ 0.05–0.01) and inverse relationships containing proteins with molecular masses of 46 kD and 120 kD (P ≤ 0.05). A linear dependence of the different ATPase activity of the apical membrane of red blood cells containing proteins with molecular weights of 9.6–14.2 kD, 15.5 kD, 21 kD, 22.5 kD, 33 kD, 35 kD, 39 kD, and 205 kD (P ≤ 0.05–0.001) was observed. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the apical membrane of enterocytes is only directly related to the number of proteins with molecular weights of 17 kD and 24 kD (P ≤ 0.001) in this domain. It inversely depends on the content of proteins with molecular masses of 9.6–14.2 kD and 52 kD (P ≤ 0.001). G-glutamyltransferase activity is inversely related to protein content with molecular weights of 43 kD, 52 kD, 66 kD, 87 kD, and 100 kD and 155 kD (P ≤ 0.001). The Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase of the basolateral membrane activity of enterocytes is directly related to the protein amount with molecular weights of 26 kD (P ≤ 0.01), Mg2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase with protein content with the molecular value of 100 kD (P ≤ 0.05)