Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences
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Research on the embryotoxic effect and carcinogenicity of the drug “BTF plus” – a means for normalizing metabolic processes in animals and poul-try
Get PDFLaboratory studies were conducted to determine the embryotoxic effect and carcinogenicity of the veterinary drug “BTF plus” on white rats and white mice. The drug “BTF plus” is a complex vitamin-mineral drug based on butophosphane, L-carnitine, and cyanocobalamin, which is used to normalize and correct metabolic processes in animals and poultry. The drug is used for various types of animals and poultry as a stimulating, tonic and general strengthening agent for obstetric pathologies (complicated childbirth, postpartum complications, paresis, eclampsia, sexual cycle disorders); metabolic disorders caused by irrational feeding, malnutrition, asthenic syndrome, etc.; anemia with helminthiasis; secondary anemias, as an additional means in the treatment of magnesium and calcium deficiency; to increase muscle activity, with significant loads, overstrain and exhaustion in animals; to increase the body's resistance to various pathogens; to stimulate growth, development and live weight gain in young animals and poultry; as an additional means in the treatment of diseases caused by various factors (infectious and non-infectious origin). The drug “BTF plus”, under the conditions of subcutaneous administration to pregnant female rats in doses (based on the absolute weight of the drug) of 200.0 and 2000.0 mg/kg of body weight, does not cause death and pathological changes in embryos do not have an embryotoxic and teratogenic effect since indicators of total, preimplantation, and postimplantation embryonic lethality in rats of the experimental groups had no significant differences compared to indicators in control and also did not show changes in the weight of the placenta, fetuses, and their cranio-caudal size. The drug “BTF plus”, under conditions of 5-day subcutaneous administration to white mice in doses (based on the absolute weight of the drug) of 200.0 and 2000.0 mg/kg of body weight, does not show a carcinogenic effect (during microscopic studies, the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes was not probable deviations between themselves and was 0.117-0.133%, which is within the normal range of up to 0.2 %). Further studies will be the next stage of pre-registration tests aimed at studying the ecotoxicity of “BTF plus”, which is a mandatory material of the “Safety and residue studies” section of the dossier for this drug
Effects of selenium on metabolic processes in the body of ducklings and their productive qualities
Get PDFToday, indicators controlling poultry's mineral nutrition have significantly increased. However, the physiological need of various types and technological poultry groups for certain mineral elements that perform essential biochemical functions in the body has yet to be definitively established. This also applies to such an element as Selenium, which, according to modern classification, is recognized as an indispensable biotic ultramicroelement with a broad spectrum of biological action. The inclusion of Selenium in the composition of mixed feed for young poultry changes the direction of physiological and biochemical processes in the body and improves metabolism and, as a result, contributes to the increase in their live weight, viability, feed conversion, slaughter, and meat qualities, improvement of organoleptic indicators of meat, its amino acid composition, energy, and biological value. We conducted comprehensive scientific studies to deepen and expand modern ideas about the biological role of Selenium, its influence on the productive qualities, and internal indicators of ducklings in the postembryonic period of ontogenesis. One of the tasks was to study the causal relationship between the level of consumption of Selenium with feed by ducklings and the studied indicators. Experimental studies were conducted on ducklings of the Ukrainian white breed. Following existing standards, feeding ducklings daily to 56 days of age was carried out with complete mixed feeds, balanced in essential nutrients and biologically active substances. Ducklings of the first control group did not receive selenium supplementation in mixed feed. Poultry of experimental groups (2–4) was additionally injected with different amounts of Selenium, respectively, by 0.2 mg/kg, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg. When conducting a correlation analysis of the obtained experimental data, it was found that between the economically useful and interior features included in the analysis, there are different levels and directions of the relationship, which may vary depending on the level of selenium consumption by ducklings. A scheme of modeling the effect of Selenium on the ducklings’ organism raised for meat is proposed
State epizootic monitoring of contagious diseases of bees in the territory of the Volyn region
Get PDFThe well-being of apiaries is a priority in the state's economic, social, and environmental aspects. There is a state monitoring system to ensure proper control over the prevalence of infectious, invasive, and viral diseases. This system systematically monitors the spread of diseases that cause significant economic problems. Solving these problems will further shape the state's favorability to ensure the export of beekeeping products to European countries. Data on the spread of infectious and invasive diseases of bees from official departments of the State Production and Consumer Services of particular regions. In work, such data were processed in the Volyn region from 2017 to 2022, including a plan for determining the incidence and incidence rates in this region. The results show that nosemosis and varroosis were the most common diseases in the Volyn region during the studied period. It was established that the indicator of bee colonies with the Varroa destructor mite in all analyzed years exceeds the incidence of nosemosis by 8.03 % (2020) – 24.49 % (2021). Moreover, the highest incidence of both diseases during the studied period was registered in 2021. In 2017, American foulbrood (AFB), created by a bacterium, was recorded in this region. The spread of bacterial diseases in bees is given. From the analyzed data, it is possible to note the imperfection of the monitoring system, as the research plans include a wide range of invasive diseases, but a small share is allocated to bacterial infections. Unplanned beekeeping studies include invasive and infectious diseases: bee bacteriosis and viral pathologies. The main problem is the low percentage of certified private farms. As a result, it is challenging to analyze damage to apiaries by contagious bee diseases. Thus, it is necessary to improve the state monitoring system, owing to which it will be possible to diagnose planned not only infectious and invasive diseases but also other diseases of bees that cause massive destruction of hives in apiaries of our state
Influence of Factors on the gastrointestinal microbiota of Pigs
Get PDFA complete understanding of the dynamic distribution of the intestinal microbiota in pigs is essential because microorganisms play a fundamental role in physiological processes, immunity, and nutrient metabolism by the macroorganism. Disruption of the gut microbiome can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and a cytokine storm. Gut microbiome dysfunction can be caused by short-term or long-term (environmental, nutritional, and stress) factors. The microbial ecosystem of the intestine is fundamental for the pig's proper nutrition, and physiological and immunological functions. However, the composition and function of a healthy microbial ecosystem have yet to be qualitatively and quantitatively determined to be used as a tool to maximize animal health and performance. As efforts are made to reduce the use of antibiotics in pig farming, the ability of the gut microbiota to increase disease resistance must be recognized. Generally, the genera Bacteroides, Escherichia, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella dominate in pre-weaning piglets. Then Prevotella and Aneriacter become the dominant genera, with Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus and Miscellaneous as relative minors in post-weaning piglets. Specific genera of bacteria, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus, can be detected in more than 90 % of pigs and three enterotypes – identified in animals of the same species but of different ages. This suggests the presence of a “core” microbiota in the gut of healthy pigs that may be a potential target for nutritional or health regulation. The scientists' scientific data help to determine the “optimal” gut microbial profile for evaluating or improving the performance and health status of pigs at different stages of growth. Although external and stochastic factors contribute to the individuality of the microbiota, the fundamental principles governing how environmental factors and host genetic factors combine to shape this complex ecosystem are largely unknown and require systematic study
The influence of piglet weight placed for rearing on their productive quality and efficiency of rearing
Get PDFThe article studied the effect of the initial weight of piglets when placed on rearing on their growth intensity, average daily feed consumption and feed conversion, cost indicators of the rearing process, and the cost structure of rearing piglets. It was established that an increase in the initial weight of piglets when placed on rearing by 1.1 kg caused a decrease in the rearing duration by 3.17 %, and when it increased above 8 kg by 15.81 %. At the same time, an increase in average daily gains by 1.76 % and 10.13 % and an increase in the weight of piglets when transferred to fattening was noted by 2.03 % and 2.63 %, respectively. At the same time, it caused a decrease in absolute growth by 1.46 and 7.28 %. With an increase in the weight of piglets when they were placed on rearing, their average daily feed consumption increased by 8.43 and 18.07 %, but feed conversion worsened by 5.43 % and 7.61 %. Feed consumption per piglet during the rearing period did not depend on the initial live weight during rearing. With an increase in the initial live weight of piglets in rearing above 7.0 and 8.0 kg, their value also increased by 6.22 and 19.88 %. Whereas, when transferred to fattening, the cost of one pig in all groups was almost equalized, although it exceeded the cost of animals with less than 7 kg of initial live weight by 2.28 and 2.36 %, respectively. At the same time, the cost of growing one head, on the contrary, decreased by 2.77 and 20.12 %, with an increase in the initial weight when setting up for growth. The cost of rearing piglets that weighed more than 8 kg at birth was 17.84 % lower than the counterparts whose initial weight at rearing was 7–8 kg and by 20.12 % compared to animals whose live weight at the beginning of rearing was less than 7 kg The cost of feed spent on growing one piglet and obtaining 1 kg of growth did not have a clear trend of dependence on the initial live weight of piglets on growing. The share of feed in the cost of rearing one piglet increased with an increase in the live weight of piglets by 2.33 and 9.41 %, while the costs of veterinary care did not depend on the weight of piglets at the beginning of rearing. The weight of piglets at the time of rearing had a probable influence of 14.2 % on the average daily growth but did not significantly affect the preservation of piglets and the cost of their rearing
Assessment of the amino and fatty acid composition and biological value of meat of broiler chickens taken by “Subtiform” probiotic bio preparation
Get PDFProbiotics are widely used for intensive technologies of growing broiler chickens due to their ecologically harmless properties, increasing productivity and obtaining safe and high-quality meat products. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the probiotic biopreparation Subtiform on the amino and fatty acid composition and biological value of chicken meat after drinking the probiotic biopreparation Subtiform in different doses. Broiler chickens from 28 to 42 days of age were given the probiotic bio preparation Subtiform, which contains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis at 2.5 × 109 CFU/g and dry milk serum per 20 birds in a cage: control - birds were not given probiotics with water; experiment 1 – 0.5 g/10 dm3 of water; experiment 2 – 2.0 g/10 dm3 of water; experiment 3 – 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water. The total content of amino acids in the breast meat of broiler chickens slightly increased in experiment 1 – by 1.71 % (Р < 0.01), in experiment 2 – by 3.57 % (Р ≤ 0.001), in experiment 3 – by 12.35 % (Р ≤ 0.001). The content of essential amino acids in breast meat was increased – 5.39 ± 0.04 mg/100 mg (Р ≤ 0.001) due to an increase in the content of methionine – 1.7 times (Р ≤ 0.01), leucine – by 1.3 times (Р ≤ 0.001), lysine and isoleucine – 1.2 times compared to the control group; the content of substituted amino acids also increased – 9.07 ± 0.04 mg/100 mg (Р ≤ 0.001) due to an increase in the content of aspartic acid – 1.2 times (Р ≤ 0.01), glutamic acid – 1.13 times (Р ≤ 0.01), as well as a decrease in glycine content – by 1.2 times (Р≤0.01) compared to the control group. The protein-quality index in experiment 3 was higher due to the increased content of tryptophan – 0.37 ± 0.025 mg/100 mg of meat (Р ≤ 0.001) and oxyproline – 0.06 ± 0.002 mg/100 mg of meat (Р ≤ 0.001). A positive effect of the probiotic biological preparation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on the fatty acid composition of the meat of broiler chickens of the research groups was established. The highest total content of saturated fatty acids to the total content of fatty acids in percentage was in experimental group 3 – 38.39 ± 0.002 %, which accordingly increased by 8.11 % compared to the control group (35.51 ± 0.002 %), due to the increase due to the increase in palmitic, stearic, iso-stearic content. The content of monounsaturated acids was characterized by the content of myrostolenic, palmitoleic, heptadeceneic, oleic, gondoic, and erucic nervonic acids. The highest content of monounsaturated fatty acids in experimental group 3 is 43.77 ± 0.002 % (Р≤0.001) due to an increase in the content of 43.77 ± 0.002 % (Р ≤ 0.001) of palmitoleic, oleic and gondoic acids. The increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meat of broiler chickens in experimental sample 3 was the highest – 25.16 ± 0.02 % (Р ≤ 0.001) due to the increase in the content (Р ≤ 0.001) of linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic fatty acids. The highest total content of omega-3 was in experimental groups of broiler chicken meat 2 and 3, respectively – 1.03 ± 0.001 % (Р ≤ 0.001) and 1.30 ± 0.001 % (Р ≤ 0.001) and omega-6, respectively – 22.98 ± 0.014 % (Р ≤ 0.001) and 23.40 ± 0.015 % (Р ≤ 0.001). The ratio ∑Omega-6/∑Omega-3 was – 22.31 and 18.00 in experimental groups 2 and 3, respectively. An increase in the relative biological value of meat (103.85 %) was observed when using Tetrachimena piriformis in a dose of the probiotic biopreparation Subtiform – 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water. The practical value of the research lies in the use of the probiotic biopreparation Subtiform to increase the biological value of meat and improve the amino acid and fatty acid profile
Effects of leonardite and lignite on blood parameters in rats exposed to lead acetate
Get PDFThe study aimed to research in vivo changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters of laboratory rats' blood when they were continuously exposed to a moderate dose of lead acetate while receiving humic feed additives made of leonardite and lignite. Two-month-old white rats were used to assess the detoxifying properties of the humic compounds leonardite and lignite. The analog pair approach was used to create four groups of eight animals from 32 male laboratory rats for the study. Rats received a pre-meal injection of lead acetate at a dose of 7 mg/100 g of animal weight (1/110 LD50) using a veterinary feeding needle. By creating solutions from lignite and leonardite at a dosage of 18 and 25 mg/kg depending on the active ingredient, humic feed additives were supplied to animals. It has been demonstrated that lignite- and leonardite-based feed additives may affect the morphological parameters of lead acetate-treated rats' blood, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, and platelet count. These parameters were very near to the levels of the intact rats, which suggests that these humic feed additives may have an anti-anemic impact. The effects of feed additives from leonardite and lignite on laboratory rats in groups that were also exposed to a toxic agent for all 21 days of the experiment led to the normalization of markers of the state of protein metabolism in the group of intact animals (serum protein, albumins, urea, creatinine), particularly activity of the enzyme’s aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. As one of the most crucial indicators of lipid metabolism together with cholesterol, the concentration of triglycerides was slightly lower in the humic substances treated groups than in the intact animals. It was discovered that using a feed supplement made from leonardite in a dosage of 18 mg/kg, which contained more fulvic acids than lignite, led to more favorable blood test results in the research group
Biochemical, clinical manifestation of vitamin D deficiency in calves
Get PDFToday, one of the priority tasks in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine is the creation of a highly productive, stable herd with a stable level of metabolism. A large load on the animal's body reveals high milk productivity; in connection with this, metabolic processes slow down, directly reducing milk productivity and requiring a balanced diet and high-quality feed. An increase in milk productivity is often directly related to metabolic disorders and the appearance of diseases, including the intensity of physiological and biochemical metabolic processes associated with converting a significant amount of energy and nutrients from feed into milk. Metabolic pathologies in animals can be caused by hereditary defects in the metabolism of nucleic acids, congenital insufficiency of enzymes responsible for the synthesis and breakdown of amino acids, disorders of organic acid metabolism, fatty acid deficiency, etc. Timely diagnosis of rickets and rapid therapy in the initial period is essential in treatment because the earlier the diagnosis is made, the easier it is to treat the disease. This will lead to the termination of the further destructive process, the occurrence of bone deformations, and changes in internal organs. The article deals with the issue of vitamin D deficiency in young cattle from a modern perspective. Materials on the classification, etiology, and pathogenesis of vitamin D-deficient rickets in calves are covered. The role of vitamin D in the prevention of rickets and its importance for general animal health and welfare are summarized. It is noted that this disease's characteristic feature is mainly the course's hidden stages. Clinical symptoms of D-hypovitaminosis appear in the late stages of the disease when restoring the animal's health is impossible. The essence of the pathology is a violation of mineralization of the organic matrix of bone tissues (D-hypovitaminosis) or osteolysis of already formed structures. The work aimed to find out the distribution, etiology, biochemical and clinical manifestation of D-hypovitaminosis in calves in one of the farms of the northern districts of Zhytomyr region, which belongs to the natural-geographical zone of Zhytomyr Polissia. The material for the study was clinically healthy calves and calves with rickets aged 1–3 months. The conditions of keeping and feeding animals on the farm were studied. Diagnosis and spread of D-hypovitaminosis among calves 1–3 months old were carried out with the help of clinical and unique methods; first, preference was given to laboratory studies. Clinical manifestations are described, and laboratory features of the course of vitamin D deficiency in animals are presented. It has been established that vitamin D deficiency in calves is quite widespread on the farm. Thus, the subclinical (hidden) course was registered in 45.8 % of animals and the clinical – in 24.1 %. The disease was more often registered in the winter-spring period. The leading cause of the disease in calves is insufficient motor activity (hypodynamia) in the absence of insolation, as well as a low level of feeding: reduced provision of cholecalciferol (25.8 %), violation of the calcium-phosphorus ratio (2.7–4.2:1 versus 1.5–2.0:1), deficiency of microelements – cobalt, zinc, copper, the provision of which was, respectively, 57.6, 85.6 and 96.2 % of the need. Pathognomotic manifestations of the disease in calves are licking, allotriophagia, thickening of carpal joints, partial resorption of the last ribs and tail vertebrae, and loose teeth. Vitamin D deficiency prevents the efficient absorption of calcium and phosphorus in feed. With vitamin D deficiency, only 10–15 % of feed calcium and 50–60 % of phosphorus are absorbed. The most informative laboratory markers for diagnosing pathology are determining cholecalciferol content, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity, and its bone isoenzyme in blood serum
A study on obesity and risk factors among leisure and polo horses in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Get PDFDespite the growing concern about the impact of obesity on equine health, little information is available on equine obesity in Nigeria. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity in leisure and polo horses as well as associated risk factors in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 116 horses were selected for the study, and the modified Henneke method (1–9 scale) was used to assess body condition scores, with animals having a score of ≥ 7 classified as obese. Information regarding age, breed, and sex was documented, while information regarding feeding and management was obtained from a structured questionnaire. Factors associated with obesity were assessed using logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of obesity in horses sampled was 12.1 % (14/116). The prevalence of obesity in leisure horses (21.4 %) was higher than in polo horses (3.3 %). Factors associated with increased odds of obesity were being a local breed of horse (18.6 %), being a stallion (21.4 %), horses not being exercised (66.7 %), horses tethered to a stake in the ground (23.2 %), and horses fed ad libitum on concentrates (21.4 %). Knowing the prevalence of obesity in this population and associated risk factors will enable optimal targeting of owner education regarding management strategies to reduce the prevalence of equine obesity, reducing the risk of conditions such as laminitis and insulin dysregulation
Dynamics of acute-phase and endothelial reactions and immune complex formation during bone replacement with germanium-doped calcium-phosphate ceramics of bone fragment fractures in dogs
Get PDFBone defects that occur with fragment fractures lead to an increase in the number of postoperative complications. Therefore, to restore the structure and function of the bone, there is a need for bone replacement, in particular doped calcium-phosphate ceramics. The purpose of the work is the biochemical assessment of acute-phase and endothelial reactions and immune complex formation during bone replacement with germanium-doped calcium-phosphate ceramics of bone fragment fractures in dogs. Dogs with fragment fractures of long tubular bones and plate osteosynthesis were included in the study. In the experimental group (n = 10), bone defects were replaced with germanium-doped calcium-phosphate ceramics (HА/β-TCP/l-Gе-700), in the control group (n = 10) – unalloyed (HА/β-TCP-700). Blood samples were taken after the injury and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th, and 60th days after osteosynthesis. Partial recovery of limb function in the experimental group was faster by 1.3 times (P < 0.001) and full by 1.2 times (P < 0.01) compared to the control. On the 60th day, in experimental animals, the defect was filled with a regenerate of high X-ray density without a periosteal reaction, while in the control animals, the bone regenerate did not have sufficient density with a significant periosteal reaction. In both groups, total protein and albumin content varied within the normal range. The activity of protein C on the 3rd day in the experimental group was 1.3 times higher (Р ˂ 0.001), and on the 7th day, it was twice as high (P ˂ 0.001) compared to the control group with normalization by the 14th day. The concentration of ceruloplasmin from the 7th day in the control animals was 1.1 times higher (Р ˂ 0.001) than in the experimental animals, with normalization in the latter by the 60th day. The level of small molecular circulating immune complexes (CIC) after the injury increased by 1.1 times (Р ˂ 0.001) and reached a peak in the control and experimental groups on the 14th day, with an increase in indicators by 2.1 and 1.4 times (Р ˂ 0.001), respectively, with normalization in the experimental group on the 60th day. The level of nitric oxide (NO) in the control group increased from the 7th to the 60th day, with a peak on the 30th day, and in the experimental group – from the 3rd to the 30th, with a peak on the seventh day. Osteoreplacement of fragment fractures of long tubular bones in dogs with calcium-phosphate ceramics doped with germanium is accompanied by a moderate level of the acute phase reaction and immune complex formation, an increase in the endothelial reaction and the anticoagulant potential of the blood, which contributes to a decrease in the intensity of the inflammatory-resorptive stage of reparative osteogenesis and an increase in its proliferative phase, which, respectively, accelerates the consolidation of fractures