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Crypto Regulation and Anti Money Laundering in Indonesia: A Comparative European Union and Switzerland
Get PDFThe rapid expansion of cryptocurrency assets has intensified the risks related to money laundering. In Indonesia, the regulatory framework governing crypto assets remains fragmented, largely depending on anti-money laundering laws and sector-specific regulations that are not designed for decentralized, cross-border digital assets. This lack of regulatory cohesion is apparent through the overlapping jurisdictions of the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (Bappebti), the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and Bank Indonesia, resulting in inconsistencies in licensing, oversight, and enforcement practices. The purpose of this study is to analyse normative weaknesses within Indonesia’s crypto asset regulatory framework and to examine comparative regulatory models. The method used is normative legal research employing statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches based on secondary legal materials. The results show that the absence of a lex specialis for crypto assets undermines regulatory coherence, weakens institutional coordination, and reduces the effectiveness of preventive and repressive measures at the placement, layering, and integration stages. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the European Union, through the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation MiCA, applies a prescriptive harmonised framework with centralised supervision. At the same time, Switzerland adopts a functional integrative approach within existing legal regimes. The conclusion is that Indonesia should pursue selective regulatory adaptation combining normative certainty, institutional strengthening, and a supportive legal culture to ensure effective crypto asset regulation
Desain Kegiatan Praktik dan Pengembangan Video Tutorial Pengujian Anti Bakteri Menggunakan Prosedur “ANKER”
Get PDFThe design of practical activities for testing anti-bacterial sensitivity in microbiology practice, often only reach the verification stage using model recipe guidance. It is suspected that the recipe model laboratory activity design has not been able to construct student knowledge. The aim of this research is to develop a video tutorial for anti-bacterial sensitivity testing using VEE diagrams based on the ANKER procedure. The research method chosen was descriptive research through object scoring and even VEE diagrams, The research object was the design of anti-bacterial testing practice activities. Data sources were obtained from documentation studies, observations and interview surveys. Supervision video tutorials resulting from the design reconstruction of practical activities were tested on respondents and an assessment was carried out using a questionnaire survey to strengthen the research results. Scoring of the design of anti-bacterial sensitivity testing practice activities obtained 12 out of 18 points in the good category. Reconstruction of the practical activity design was carried out because the choice of tools and materials had not been identified. Next, video supervision of antibacterial testing was carried out as a result of the reconstruction of the design of practical activities. The results of the questionnaire showed that 72% of respondents thought that the video was suitable for use without improvement, and the remaining 28% thought that the video tutorial was suitable for use but needed improvement
Enhancing Civil Service Competence A Comparative Study of Quality Control Inspector Standards in Indonesia and Thailand
Get PDFThis study examines and compares the competency standards of quality control inspectors in Indonesia and Thailand, with the aim of improving the effectiveness of public services. This study discusses the challenges faced by civil servants in meeting competency expectations and examines the regulatory framework that guides these standards. Using a qualitative comparative design, data were collected through document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 20 participants in both countries. These findings reveal significant differences: Indonesia emphasizes technical competence in accordance with PAN RB Ministerial Regulation No. 38 of 2017, while Thailand focuses on compliance with regulations outlined by the Ministry of Trade. Despite this framework, both countries face implementation gaps, especially in Indonesia, where inspectors often experience role ambiguity and training limitations. In contrast, Thailand has implemented a clearer competency framework as well as a comprehensive training program that has improved the consistency of service quality and public trust. The study concludes that establishing a clear and context-specific competency framework, along with a comprehensive training program, is crucial for enhancing inspector effectiveness. Recommendations include regular evaluation of standards and encourage collaboration between stakeholders to support sustainable competency development. The study provides valuable insights into public administration, highlighting the importance of well-equipped civil servants in delivering high-quality public services
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PENGAMBILALIHAN (AKUISISI) PERSEROAN TERBATAS BAGI PEMEGANG SAHAM MINORITAS
Get PDFLimited Company is a legal subject. Regulations on limited liability company are generally regulated in Act Number 40 of 2007 About Limited Company. The establishment of special arrangements concerning the Company is to protect the interests of shareholders and creditors, as well as other related parties and the interests of the company itself. To create a healthy and efficient business climate, among others, can be pursued by merger, merger and takeover of limited liability company. The presence of minority shareholders is not only protected in the interests of ownership of shares, but also has an important function in decision making at the General Meeting of Shareholders. In terms of legal minority shareholders need special attention and treatment that can be realized one of them with Apprisal Right. Keywords : Limited Company,Takeover, Minority Shareholder
Karakteristik Tinggi Gelombang Laut di Perairan Halmahera Utara dan Morotai pada Periode Waktu ENSO Tahun 2012-2021
Get PDFNorth Halmahera and Morotai are strategic regions in the North Maluku Islands, Indonesia, rich in marine biodiversity and with great potential in the maritime, trade, and fisheries sectors. These regions serve as crucial routes for maritime transportation and regional trade, making accurate information about the physical conditions of the sea, particularly wave height, essential for ensuring the safety and security of shipping lanes. This study aims to analyze the impact of the El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on ocean wave heights in the waters of North Halmahera and Morotai during the period from 2012 to 2021. Additionally, the study measures the correlation between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Significant Wave Height (SWH). The data used in this study include wave data from the Marine Copernicus platform and SOI data obtained from http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/enso/soi/. Three observation stations were selected in the waters of North Halmahera and Morotai to monitor changes and variations in SWH during the ENSO phenomenon. A correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between SOI values and SWH at each observation station. The results indicate that during the El-Nino phase, wave heights decreased significantly at several stations, particularly at stations 1 and 3, with a negative correlation between SOI and SWH. Conversely, during the La-Nina phase, wave heights increased, especially at stations 2 and 3, showing a stronger positive correlation. The relationship between SOI and SWH varied depending on location and time period. This study concludes that ENSO has a significant impact on the variation in wave heights in the waters of North Halmahera and Morotai. These findings are important for supporting maritime safety and managing maritime activities in the region
Inventarisasi endoparasit pada budidaya ikan kakap putih (Lates carcarifer) di keramba jaring apung
Get PDFAbstrak Keramba jaring apung adalah salah satu metode budidaya kakap putih. Salah satu masalah yang muncul adalah serangan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh endoparasit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis dan tingkat pravelensi endoparasit yang menyerang ikan kakap putih. Lokasi pengambilan sampel adalah salah satu KJA di Desa Tapian Nauli I, Kabupaten Tapanuli. Di Desa tersebut banyak ditemukan kegiatan budidaya dengan keramba jaring apung. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 50 ekor kakap putih dengan ukurang 31–32 cm. Pengamatan dilakukan di laboratorium Akademi Komunitas Negeri Sibolga dengan hasil Jenis endoparasit yang menginfeksi saluran pencernaan ikan kakap putih adalah cacing Rhadinorhynchus bicircumspinis dengan tingkat pravelensi 56 % serta nilai derajat infeksinya 2.67 ind/ekor yang dikategorikan rendah. Kualitas air pada penelitian ini dikatagorikan layak yaitu Suhu 23 – 24°C, DO 13,6 mg/L, salinitas 20 ppt, kecerahan 5 m, kedalaman 6–7 m serta pH 7. Kata kunci: Endoparasit, ikan kakap putih, KJA, Rhadinorhynchus Abstract Floating net cages are one method of cultivating for Barramundi. One of the problems that arise is disease attacks caused by endoparasites. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and prevalence of endoparasites that attack Baramundi The sampling location was Tapian Nauli I Village, Tapanuli Regency. In the village, there are many aquaculture activities with floating net cages. The number of samples used was 50 white snapper with a size of 31–32 cm. Observations were made in the laboratory of the Sibolga State Community Academy with the results that the type of endoparasite that infects the digestive tract of Barramundi in Tapian Nauli Village I is Rhadinorhynchus bicircumspinis with a prevalence rate of 53.3 %% and the value of the degree of infection is 2.67 / fish which is categorized as low. The water quality in this study was categorized as feasible, namely temperature 23 – 24 °C, DO 13.6 mg/L, salinity 20 ppt, brightness 5 m, depth 6-7 m, and pH 7. Keywords: Endoparasites,Barramundi, KJA, Rhadinorhyncus
Pengaruh El Nino Kuat 2023 Terhadap Variabilitas Suhu Permukaan Laut Dan Curah Hujan Di Laut Sawu
Get PDFLaut Sawu merupakan salah satu wilayah perairan di Indonesia yang memiliki tingkat kesuburan dan potensi akan sumber daya lautnya. Laut Sawu termasuk peraian yang terpengaruh dari ENSO. Fenomena ENSO dapat mempengaruhi distribusi Suhu Permukaan Laut, curah hujan di Laut Sawu. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh ENSO terhadap Suhu Permukaan Laut dan curah hujan telah banyak dilakukan, namun tidak spesifik pengaruh El Nino kuat tahun 2023 di Laut Sawu masih sedikit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan mekanisme El Nino terhadap Suhu Permukaan Laut dan curah hujan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari SPL, curah hujan dan Angin yang bersumber dari OSTIA, CMORPH, CCMP. Pengolahan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan Bahasa pemrograman Interactive Data Laguage (IDL) dengan menampilkan data klimatologi, timeseries dan anomali. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai SPL, angin, dan curah hujan di Laut Sawu mengalami fluktuasi saat El Nino terjadi pada tahun 2023. Kondisi SPL mengalami peningkatan selama periode El Niño, dimana SPL memiliki nilai 29°C di bulan Desember pada musim barat. Sedangkan curah hujan mengalami penurunan selama El Niño dengan nilai 3 mm. Musim timur kondisi SPL di Laut Sawu mengalami peningkatan dengan nilai 27,4°C. Sedangkan curah hujan memiliki nilai yang sama dengan klimatologi. Ketika terjadinya fenomena El Niño 2023 angin memiliki kecepatan yang kuat. Pada periode El Niño 2023 yang terjadi di akhir tahun SPL meningkat secara signifikan di musim barat pada bulan Desember. Namun berkebalikan dengan penurunan intensitas curah hujan di Laut Sawu. Hal ini dikarenakan pengaruh dari pola angin yang berasal dari Benua Australia yang membawa udara kering dan mengakibatkan rendahnya curah hujan di Laut Sawu
Genetic Counselling Empowers Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilities : A Fragile X Syndrome Perspective
Get PDFBackground: Intellectual disabilities (ID) profoundly affect individuals and their families, leading to financial strain, emotional distress, and limited access to healthcare and education. Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited cause of ID, remains largely underdiagnosed in Indonesia due to limited awareness and resources. Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of genetic counselling on parental empowerment. Methods: This pre-experimental study employed a before and after counselling. A total of 238 parents of children with ID from four special schools in Jakarta participated. Data were collected using the Genetic Counselling Outcome Scale-24 (GCOS-24), which assesses empowerment. Purposive sampling was applied, and data were analysed using paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean GCOS-24 score increased significantly from 106.79 (SD = 16.36) before counselling to 125.11 (SD = 15.42) after counselling (p < 0.001). Only 27.3% of parents were aware of genetic disorders, reflecting their limited baseline knowledge. A one-way ANOVA analysis showed a statistically significant difference in GCOS-24 score improvements based on parental education level (F=4.035, p=0.008) with parents with primary school education showing the greatest improvement compared to those with high school (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Genetic counselling significantly enhanced parent empowerment, as evidenced by increased GCOS-24 scores. These findings emphasize the importance of expanding genetic counselling services and educational initiatives in Indonesia to improve awareness and support for families managing ID
FAKTOR RISIKO TERJADINYA HEPATITIS B PADA IBU HAMIL DI KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA : CASE CONTROL STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Hepatitis B is a liver infection with the potential to become chronic and lead to death. The prevalence of Hepatitis B in Purbalingga Regency remains above the targets set by the 2020-2024 RPJMN and SDGs 3.3.4, which aim to reduce the incidence of Hepatitis B to 0.1% by 2030. This study analyze the risk factors for Hepatitis B among pregnant women in Purbalingga Regency.Methods: This study employed a case-control design with an accessible population. The accessible population comprised all pregnant women, both HBsAg reactive and non-reactive, recorded in the SIHEPI application of the Purbalingga District Health Office between January 2023 and September 2024, totaling 112 pregnant women. The sample in this study consisted of the entire accessible population. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and logistic regression. Results: This study identified four variables significantly associated with the occurrence of Hepatitis B in pregnant women: maternal knowledge (p-value = 0.032, OR = 2.33 [1.08-5.05]), family history of Hepatitis B (p-value = 0.001, OR = 2.331 [1.076-5.049]), sharing nail clippers (p-value = 0.022, OR = 2.35 [1.13-4.89]), and sharing razors (p-value = 0.011, OR = 2.469 [1.228-4.963]).Conclusion: Risk factors for Hepatitis B among pregnant women include maternal knowledge, a family history of Hepatitis B, sharing nail clippers, and sharing razors. To prevent Hepatitis B transmission, policymakers should implement early detection for family members of HBsAg-reactive pregnant women
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ketidakpatuhan Minum Obat Antihipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nguter Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Get PDFBackground: Adherence to treatment is crucial for those with hypertension, particularly in order to avoid consequences. Although there is no treatment for hypertension, it must always be managed to prevent it from becoming worse and becoming a condition that can lead to death and disability.Methods: Studi case-control was used in this research. Patients with hypertension who had been diagnosed by a doctor in Nguter Sub-district constituted the study population. The total sample was 220 with a ratio 1:1. Accidental sampling was used in the sampling procedure according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The chi square test was used for bivariat, and logistic regression for multivariate analysis.Result: Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there were three factors that had a significant impact on the level of non-adherence of hypertension patients in taking medication in the Nguter District area: a low motivation to seek treatment (p=0,000), a lack of support from family (p=0,009), and a lack of active role of health workers (p=0,042).Conclusion: Treatment motivation is the most influential factor on non-adherence to taking antihypertensive medication (p= 0,000; OR= 3,49; 95% CI= 1,81–6,73)