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Application of Periapical Radiography in Root Canal Treatment: A Literature Review
No full textLatar Belakang: Radiografi periapikal merupakan alat pencitraan penting dalam praktik endodontik karena kemampuannya menampilkan anatomi saluran akar dan jaringan periapikal secara rinci, dengan biaya rendah dan dosis radiasi minimal. Meskipun teknologi pencitraan seperti Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) telah berkembang pesat dan menawarkan visualisasi tiga dimensi yang lebih lengkap, radiografi periapikal tetap menjadi pilihan utama dalam praktik sehari-hari karena efektivitasnya yang tinggi dalam diagnosis dan evaluasi perawatan saluran akar (PSA). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis pengaplikasian radiografi periapikal dalam PSA, serta membandingkan efektivitas dan ketelitiannya dengan CBCT sebagai teknologi pencitraan modern. Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi telaah literatur yang dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan penelusuran artikel melalui database PubMed dan ScienceDirect, menggunakan kata kunci yang relevan. Artikel yang dianalisis dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi seperti tahun publikasi, relevansi topik, serta metodologi yang sesuai. Hasil: Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa radiografi periapikal sangat efektif digunakan dalam tahap diagnosis, penentuan panjang kerja, evaluasi obturasi, dan tindak lanjut pasca PSA. Meskipun CBCT memberikan keunggulan dalam mendeteksi saluran aksesori, fraktur akar, dan lesi tersembunyi dengan sensitivitas lebih tinggi, teknologi ini memiliki kekurangan berupa biaya tinggi, dosis radiasi lebih besar, dan potensi overdiagnosis. Radiografi periapikal tetap menunjukkan reliabilitas tinggi bila digunakan dengan teknik yang benar. Kesimpulan: Radiografi periapikal efektif dalam seluruh tahap PSA dan tetap menjadi modalitas utama karena akurat, terjangkau, dan rendah radiasi. CBCT lebih unggul dalam kasus kompleks, namun penggunaannya harus selektif sesuai prinsip ALADA-IP. Pemilihan pencitraan sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan klinis, efektivitas, dan efisiensi biaya.Background: Periapical radiography is an essential imaging modality in endodontic practice due to its ability to visualize root canal anatomy and periapical structures in detail, with low cost and minimal radiation exposure. While CBCT delivers comprehensive 3D views, periapical radiography is still widely relied upon in routine dental procedures for its consistent performance in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. This paper seeks to systematically evaluate its application in root canal therapy and measure its diagnostic accuracy relative to CBCT. Methods: A literature review was conducted over a 14-day period using relevant keywords to search articles from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Selected articles met inclusion criteria based on publication year, topic relevance, and methodological appropriateness. Results: The findings indicate that periapical radiography is highly effective during diagnostic stages, working length determination, obturation assessment, and post-treatment follow-up in root canal therapy. Although CBCT demonstrates superiority in detecting accessory canals, root fractures, and hidden lesions with higher sensitivity, it is limited by higher costs, greater radiation exposure, and a risk of overdiagnosis. Periapical radiography continues to exhibit high reliability when performed with proper technique. Conclusion: Periapical radiography is effective throughout all stages of root canal treatment and remains the primary imaging modality due to its accuracy, affordability, and low radiation exposure. CBCT offers superior imaging in complex cases; however, its use should be selective and aligned with the ALADAIP principle. The choice of imaging should be based on clinical needs, effectiveness, and cost-efficiency
Correlation of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio with Stunting in Children
Get PDFBackground: Globally, stunting affected approximately 148 million children under five in 2022. Chronic infection contributes to stunting through immune hyperactivation and excessive cytokine release. Since anthropometric assessments are prone to errors and may not accurately reflect the underlying inflammatory status, common systemic inflammatory markers, such as the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), can serve as alternatives. These markers are simple, affordable, and accessible in every health center.Objective: To analyze the correlation of NLR, MLR, and PLR with stunting.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving pediatric patients aged 1-5 years from the Nutrition and Metabolic Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Soetomo Regional Hospital in Surabaya from 2022 to 2023. Forty-one samples met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on NLR, PLR, MLR, and other hematological variables were obtained from the patients' hematology profiles. Group differences, correlations, and diagnostic performance were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman, and ROC methods, respectively.Results: Forty-one subjects were obtained and divided into three groups: 21 (51.2%) normal, 10 (24.4%) stunted, and 10 (24.4%) severely stunted. RBC and lymphocytes significantly increased in normal patients, whereas neutrophils, platelets, NLR, MLR, and PLR significantly increased in severely stunted patients. NLR, MLR, and PLR differed significantly between normal and stunted children (p =<0.001; p =0.002; and p =<0.001, respectively) and showed positive correlations between the NLR (p =<0.001; r =0.687), MLR (p =<0.001; r =0.558), and PLR (p =<0.001; r =0.784) with stunting. At cutoff values of 0.844 (NLR), 88.527 (PLR), and 0.174 (MLR), their AUCs were 0.90, 0.95, and 0.82, with sensitivities of 75%, 80%, and 60%, respectively.Conclusion: NLR, MLR, and PLR significantly differ among normal, stunted, and severely stunted children, showing positive associations with stunting. These markers, particularly PLR, may serve as a practical screening tool, warranting further validation through larger studies
HOUSEHOLDS’ ADAPTATION TO INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICIT IN ILE-IFE, NIGERIA
Get PDFIn Nigeria, low quality of life is an indication of failure in infrastructure provision by government. Households therefore adapt as a coping strategy to infrastructure deficit in Ile-Ife, one of the traditional cities in Nigeria. Using multistage sampling procedures, residential areas in Ile-Ife were stratified into developmental zones comprising the core, transition and suburban. Due to homogeneity in each zone, one residential area was randomly selected in each of the three zones from which 117 residential buildings were systematically selected. Target respondent for questionnaire administration was any household member above 18 years of age from each selected building. Findings from the study revealed that similarity exists in the level of household’s infrastructure deficit across the developmental zones. However, households’ adaptation to infrastructure deficit varied across the developmental zones as determined by socioeconomic characteristics such as income, although respondents in the suburban zone adapted more to infrastructure deficit than those in the core and transition zones. The study recommended that community-based organizations, philanthropists and international organisations should complement the effort of government in the provision of infrastructure across the three developmental zones
Mapping of Submarine Geomorphological Structures Using Satellite-Derived Bathymetry and Depth Data in the Waters of Lambasina Island, Kolaka Regency
Get PDFThis research examines the geomorphological characteristics of the seabed around Lambasina Besar and Lambasina Kecil Islands, Kolaka Regency, by integrating Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) and the Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM). Depth estimates were derived from Sentinel-2 imagery using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and compared with in-situ depth measurements. The validation results indicated a high level of agreement, with R² values ranging from 0.81 to 0.82. The bathymetric data were then processed using Bathymetric Position Index (BPI), slope, and rugosity parameters, which allowed the classification of the seafloor into 13 geomorphological structure classes. The analysis identified various seabed forms, including flat plains, steep slopes, broad slopes, ridges, narrow depressions, and localized basins. These morphological patterns correspond well with coral reef zonation observed in the field. The findings highlight the important role of geomorphological variability in shaping benthic habitats and influencing biodiversity distribution. This approach demonstrates strong potential for supporting marine spatial analysis, conservation planning, and the identification of areas suitable for marine protection. Moreover, the study provides a basis for further research on the relationships between habitat complexity, biomass, coral diversity, and reef-associated fish abundance, which are essential for advancing ecosystem-based coastal management strategies
Balancing work and life: Social media’s mediating role in enhancing employee performance
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between work-life balance, social media usage, and employee performance, focusing on social media's mediation role. Drawing on Boundary Theory, which studies the blurring of work and personal boundaries, the study looks at how social media can help or hinder employee performance in the context of work-life balance. Data were gathered and analyzed to evaluate four hypotheses: Work-life balance improves employee performance; Work-life balance boosts social media usage; Social media usage improves employee performance; and Social media usage mediates the link between worklife balance and employee performance. The data confirm that work-life balance has a favorable relationship with both social media usage and employee performance, with social media acting as an effective mediator. These findings underscore social media's dual role as a productivity tool and facilitator of work-life balance. The study adds to the expanding corpus of research on digital technologies in the workplace, recommending that firms use social media to improve employee well-being and performance. Future research should look into the potential obstacles and long-term repercussions of social media use in various job settings
Connecting for mompreneur success: The essential role of quality of network ties and knowledge sharing across partners
Get PDFKnowledge sharing activity and quality of network ties play a crucial role for mompreneurs as it provide essential support, resources, and opportunities for performance growth. This study aims to examine, from the perspective of women entrepreneurs (mompreneurs), the impact of the quality of mompreneur network ties and knowledge sharing across networks on product innovation, and business performance. This study investigates mompreneurs in the tourism industry, particularly several tourist destinations in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study's samples consist of 167 mompreneurs in the tourism industry. We analyzed the data using structural equation modeling partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and WarpPLS version 8.0 was used to process the data. We utilize SEM-PLS due to the relatively small sample size of 167 tourism industry owners or managers. The findings of this study indicate that the quality of mompreneur network ties has a significant impact on knowledge sharing across networks, product innovation, and business performance. Other findings indicate that knowledge sharing across networks positively and substantially affects product innovation. This research offers insights into enhancing the performance of SME enterprises operated by mompreneurs
Prosedur dalam Penerapan Tertib Pemeliharaan Tanah dan Lingkungan Hidup pada Pertambangan Batu Gamping Semen A di Banyumas
Get PDFCatur tertib pertanahan pada dasarnya dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mengimplementasikan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria untuk mengembangkan perlindungan hak-hak atas tanah serta penggunaannya. Hal ini berbanding terbalik dengan kondisi yang ada di tambang batu gamping Semen A, di mana terdapat lubang galian tambang yang berdampak terhadap lingkungan. Penambangan ini menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan yang signifikan, seperti debu akibat angin kencang, peningkatan suhu udara, kebisingan dari alat berat, serta kekeringan sumber air sejak adanya tambang. Bertolak dari masalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun prosedur penerapan catur tertib pertanahan keempat, yaitu tertib pemeliharaan tanah dan lingkungan hidup pada pertambangan batu gamping di Tambang Semen A. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah studi kualitatif menggunakan Soft System Methodology (SSM) dengan alat bantu Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data yang digunakan meliputi data primer berupa hasil observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi, serta data sekunder berupa laporan peneliti terdahulu, studi literatur, dan telaah regulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah prosedur dalam penerapan catur tertib pertanahan keempat, yaitu tertib pemeliharaan tanah dan lingkungan hidup pada pertambangan batu gamping di Tambang Semen A
Surgical Site Infections at the General Referral Hospital of Niamey, Niger
Get PDFIntroduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant cause of morbidity, driven by surgical practices and the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SSIs at the General Referral Hospital of Niamey in 2023, characterize the affected patients, and analyze the isolated pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance profiles.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 1,625 medical records from digestive surgery, trauma orthopedics, neurosurgery, and intensive care units in 2023. SSI cases were identified using the national clinical criteria, and microbiological data were extracted from laboratory reports. Data were extracted from registers, medical records, nursing care files, and laboratory databases. Data validation and reliability assurance were performed through double data entry, completeness and consistency checks, and data collector training.Results: The SSI prevalence was 1.7% (28 cases), predominantly in trauma orthopedics and neurosurgery (36%). Among the 26 isolates, gram-negative bacilli represented 69%, mainly Escherichia coli (27%) and Pseudomonas spp. (15%). Gram-positive cocci accounted for 31% of cases, with Staphylococcus aureus (27%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (24 isolates) showed high resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (40–80%), presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, and one MRSA isolate. Carbapenems remained highly effective (>90%), whereas fluoroquinolones exhibited moderate activity (40–60%).Conclusion: The predominance of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria underscores the need to strengthen infection prevention and control measures, optimize antibiotic prophylaxis, and enhance microbiological surveillance within surgical unit
Value Added Analysis of Hanjeli Raw Materials and its Development Strategy at Pantastik Cooperative, Wado, Sumedang
Get PDFHanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) has potential as a high-value local food crop, yet studies on its value-added potential and business development strategies remain limited. This study aims to analyze the added value of hanjeli and formulate development strategies at Pantastik Cooperative, Wado, Sumedang. A case study approach was applied using mixed methods. The Hayami method was used to measure added value, while SWOT, IFE, EFE, and QSPM analyses were employed to formulate strategic directions. The results of the Hayami analysis show that hanjeli processing generates a value-added ratio of 66.00%, with profits predominantly accruing to the business owner, although the workforce receives a considerable share. The SWOT analysis identified that internal strengths outweigh weaknesses and external opportunities exceed threats. Based on the QSPM analysis, the most recommended strategy is to leverage healthy food trends and government support followed by expanding digital marketing. This research fills a gap in integrated analysis combining value-added assessment and strategic business formulation for underutilized crops like hanjeli. The findings imply that strengthening the value chain, increasing production capacity, and optimizing digital marketing are essential to enhance competitiveness. Effective implementation is expected to position hanjeli as a sustainable agribusiness commodity that contributes to food security, rural economic development, and the welfare of business actors
Understanding Tea Consumer Loyalty in Banyumas: A SEM Analysis of Attitudes, Decisions, and Satisfaction
Get PDFIndonesia, a major black tea, exported approximately 89% of black tea between 2018-2022, faces a substantial surplus, highlighting the need for producers to understand domestic consumer behavior amidst evolving tea consumption patterns. This study analyzes the influence of product attributes and the purchasing decisions of tea consumers in Central Java, Indonesia. This study employed a survey method. The study site was selected from the Banyumas District. Data were collected using purposive sampling techniques from 300 respondents and interviews with consumers who consumed black tea in tea bag packaging of original tea variants and/or jasmine tea, and made tea buying decisions. Data were analyzed using a combination of quantitative and structural equation modelling (SEM) with the analysis software AMOS 24. The results show that taste and brand have a significant effect on consumer attitudes; consumer attitudes have a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions; consumer purchasing decisions have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction; and consumer satisfaction has a significant effect on consumer loyalty. The Ministry of Agriculture wants to reduce the export of raw materials and make the most of extra tea production. They plan to do so by promoting local tea brands. This will help Indonesian tea to become more known both internationally and locally. This will also improve the income of farmers and small businesses by increasing the value of their products