Jurnal Online KIMIA FMIPA (Fakultas Matematika & Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam), Universitas Mulawarman
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ANALISIS KOMPOSISI KIMIA PRODUK PIROLISIS LAMBAT OFF-GRADE RUBBER PADA SUHU 300 °C
Full text linkThis study was conducted to determine the yield and chemical composition of slow pyrolysis products of off-grade rubber at 300 °C. From the pyrolysis experiments, the yield of bio-oil was 28.25%. Analysis with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry showed that the bio-oil from off-grade rubber was mainly composed of γ-Elemene, 1H-Benzocycloheptene, octahydro-3,5,5-trimethyl-9-methylene-, (4aS-cis)-, 1,5-Cycloundecadiene, 8,8-dimethyl-9-methylene-, Geranyllinalool Isomer B, and Geranylgeraniol.
Keywords: Slow Pyrolysis, Off-grade Rubber, bio-oil, GC-MSThis study was conducted to determine the yield and chemical composition of slow pyrolysis products of off-grade rubber at 300 °C. From the pyrolysis experiments, the yield of bio-oil was 28.25%. Analysis with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry showed that the bio-oil from off-grade rubber was mainly composed of γ-Elemene, 1H-Benzocycloheptene, octahydro-3,5,5-trimethyl-9-methylene-, (4aS-cis)-, 1,5-Cycloundecadiene, 8,8-dimethyl-9-methylene-, Geranyllinalool Isomer B, and Geranylgeraniol.
Keywords: Slow Pyrolysis, Off-grade Rubber, bio-oil, GC-M
BIOSORPSI LOGAM OLEH BAKTERI
Full text linkThe growth of industry in Indonesia, especially in the textile sector, has led to an increase in the production of liquid waste containing heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu). These metals can pose significant health risks if they enter the body of living things. To overcome this, one alternative method of reducing liquid waste is to utilize biosorption by bacteria. This study aims to determine the ability of metal absorption by several bacteria, namely Streptococcus mutans, Flavobacterium sp, Pseudomonas sp, and Bacillus subtilis. The results showed that Streptococcus mutans was able to absorb Cr (VI) with a maximum efficiency of 90.80% at a concentration of 5 ppm on the 5th day. While Flavobacterium sp was able to absorb Pb at a maximum of 96% at a concentration of 2 ppm on the 18th day. Pseudomonassp showed maximum uptake of 96.192% for Cr(VI) at 5 ppm on day 14, 36.874% for Pb at 4 ppm on day 16, and 84.447% for Cu(II) at 3 ppm on day 16. Bacillussubtilis showed maximum uptake of 97.42% for Pb at 10 ppm. These findings indicate that bacteria have significant potential for heavy metal biosorption in wastewater treatment.
Keywords: Absorption,Metal,Bacteri
PENENTUAN NILAI SUN PROTECTION FACTORS (SPF) PADA EKSTRAK DAUN SURIAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
No full textExcessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause various negative effects on the skin, including erythema, hyperpigmentation, premature aging, and even skin cancer. The use of natural-based sunscreens is considered a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic sunscreens. This study aimed to determine the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the crude extract and fractions of surian leaves (Toona sinensis (Juss.) M. Roem) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer based on Mansur\u27s equation. Extraction was carried out by maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by liquid-liquid partition using solvents with different polarities, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, quinones, tannins, and steroids, which are known to have photoprotective potential. The SPF test results revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest SPF value of 34.34 at a concentration of 250 ppm, classified as ultra-protection. The ethanol extract and ethanol-water fraction also showed high SPF values of 31.02 and 24.51, respectively, while the n-hexane fraction had the lowest SPF value. These findings indicate that surian leaves, particularly the ethyl acetate fraction, have promising potential as an active ingredient in natural sunscreen formulations
PENENTUAN STATUS MUTU AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODE INDEKS PENCEMARAN PADA SUNGAI SANGA-SANGA
Full text linkPencemaran Sungai Sanga-Sanga dapat disebabkan oleh buangan sektor pemukiman maupun sektor industri pertambangan Penggunaan indeks kualitas air dapat mempermudah penentuan kualitas air sungai serta mempermudah juga dalam pemberian informasi kepada pihak yang membutuhkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kualitas air Sungai Sanga-Sanga ditinjau dari parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi serta menentukan status mutu Sungai Sanga-Sanga dengan metode Indeks Pencemaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang bersifat ex-post facto dengan menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran untuk menentukan status mutu air Sungai Sanga-Sanga. Status mutu air Sungai Sanga-Sanga berdasarkan Indeks Pencemaran berada pada kondisi tercemar ringan
UJI FITOKIMIA, TOKSISITAS DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRSAK (Annona Muricata L.)
Full text linkSirsdak (Annona muricata L.), is a plant whose fruit is edible and the leaves and fruit have been used by the community as traditional medicine. This study aims to test the chemical content, toxicity, and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.). Phytochemical tests were carried out to identify bioactive compounds contained in the extract, while toxicity tests used the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method to determine toxic potential. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method to measure the ability to scavenge free radicals. The results showed that the ethanol extract of soursop leaves contained steroid, saponin and quinone compounds, had significant toxicity potential with an LC50 value of 31.19 ppm, and showed weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 111.27 mg/L
Keywords : Soursop Leaves., Phytochemical Analysis Antioxidant and Toxicit
SKRINING FITOKIMIA, UJI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN UJI TOKSISISTAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH HUTAN (Piper aduncum L.) DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)
Full text linkPiper aduncum L. or better known as Sirih hutan (Indonesia) has been utilized by the community as a traditional medicine. Forest sirih leaves are commonly used in wound healing, facilitating digestion, as an antiseptic to beauty products. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct phytochemical screening, antioxidant testing and toxicity testing of secondary metabolite compounds of sirih hutan leaves. On the extract of Piper aduncum L. leaves, phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the secondary metabolite compounds contained, toxicity testing using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method and antioxidant activity testing using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Based on the results of phytochemical tests, the secondary metabolite compounds obtained were alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics and quinones. The BSLT test of the ethanol extract of Piper aduncum leaves showed an LC50 value of 2,857.6 ppm, indicating that forest betel leaves (Piper aduncum L.) do not have toxic activity and have very significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 0.977 ppm.
Keywords: Antioxidants, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Sirih hutan, Phytochemical Test
 
MINI REVIEW: ADSORPSI NANOPARTIKEL ALUMINIUM OKSIDA (Al2O3) TERHADAP ZAT WARNA ORGANIK SINTETIK
Full text linkAluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles are a strong and versatile material with good mechanical strength, large specific surface area, and high adsorption capacity, making it very favorable for adsorption processes. In addition, aluminum oxide is non-toxic, easy to use, and has good chemical stability. The presence of many hydroxide groups on Al2O3 nanoparticles increases their ability as adsorbents. Therefore, aluminum oxide has attracted widespread attention in the removal of pollutants from the environment, such as heavy metals, pigments, dissolved organic materials, antibiotics, and dyes. This mini review examines the latest developments regarding the use of Al2O3 nanoparticles as adsorbents for synthetic organic dyes, both cationic and anionic, such as Methylene Blue, Orange G, Acid Orange 7, and Eriochrom Black T. The discussion focuses on the efficiency and potential applications of Al2O3 nanoparticles in dye adsorption.
Keywords: Adsorption, Al2O3 Nanoparticles, Dye
STUDI PIROLISIS OFF-GRADE RUBBER DENGAN KATALIS Ni/Ga-SBA-15 MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS TERMOGRAVIMETRI PADA LAJU PEMANASAN 10°C/MENIT
Full text linkA study of off-grade rubber pyrolysis with Ni/Ga-SBA-15 catalyst using thermogravimetric analysis has been conducted. This study aims to determine the thermal decomposition process of off-grade rubber pyrolysis with Ni/Ga-SBA-15 catalyst using thermogravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 10°C/min. The pyrolysis decomposition temperature of off-grade rubber was divided into three stages, namely water evaporation at a temperature of ≤147°C, active pyrolysis at a temperature of ±147-454°C, and passive pyrolysis at a temperature of ≥454°C.
Keywords: Thermogravimetric analysis, Ni/Ga-SBA-15 catalyst, Off-grade rubbe
PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM LEMAK BEBAS PADA MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ABU KALSINASI DARI BEBERAPA BAHAN ADSORBEN
Full text linkCooking oil has a primary function as a heat transfer medium in food processing. Repeated use of
cooking oil can reduce its quality, which is often referred to as used cooking oil. Many people use
cooking oil repeatedly to save money without considering the impact. The purpose of this study was to
determine the results of refining used cooking oil in terms of free fatty acid (FFA) levels through the
adsorption method using calcined ash from several different types of adsorbents, namely chicken
eggshells, Tegillarca granosa shells, zeolite, and bricks. Based on the results of the study, the results of
the FFA content of the used cooking oil sample were 2.735%. The results of the FFA content of the used
cooking oil sample after being adsorbed using calcined ash from chicken eggshells, blood cockle shells,
zeolite, and bricks were 0.638%, 0.464%, 1.691%, and 0.921%, respectively. Of the four adsorbent
materials, the type of adsorbent obtained is calcined blood cockle shell ash which is the most effective
in reducing the ALB levels of used cooking oil samples, which is 83.03%. Then followed by chicken egg
shells, which is 76.67%, bricks, which is 66.32%, and commercial zeolite, which is 38.17%.