Tokyo University of Agriculture Repository / 東京農業大学リポジトリ
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Differentiation and Maturation of Sclereid in the Bark of Japanese Larch
Get PDF東京農業大学奥多摩演習林内のカラマツ1個体を供試木とし,5～11月に地上高1.2,4.2,7.2,9.0mの部位から樹皮試料を採取し,内樹皮横断面でスクレレイドの月ごとの変化を観察した。さらに,11月にこの供試木を伐採して得た円板から樹皮および木部試料を得て,スクレレイドの観察および寸法測定,仮道管の寸法測定を行った。(1)スクレレイドの厚壁化は5月下旬から6月下旬の間に開始し,9月にはほぼ完了した。(2)スクレレイドには大きく分けて3つの形態があった。I型は細長い紡錘形をしており,形成層年齢が高い試料で多く観察された。III型は多方向に分枝が出ており,形成層年齢が低い試料で観察された。II型はI型とIII型の中間の形態であった。(3)スクレレイドの長さや形状比の変動傾向は,仮道管の長さのそれに極めて類似していた。Anatomical characteristics of sclereid in the bark of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) CARRIERE) were investigated focusing on sclereid development within a growth season. The bark samples were collected at 1.2, 4.2, 7.2, and 9.0m high in the university forest of Tokyo University of Agriculture, Okutama, Tokyo, Japan, and were embedded with methaclylate resin. Transverse sections of the inner barks were cut and observed under the optical microscope with saflanin-fast green double staining and also the reaction with phloroglucinol-HCl solution. Several indicators of sclereid characteristics such as cell wall thickness, cell diameter, lumen diameter, sclereid density, and area ratio of lignified sclereid cell wall were measured on the transverse sections. Tracheid length and tracheid microfibril angles in radial wall of late-wood tracheid were measured. The relationship between sclereid and tracheid maturation age were discussed. The results were as follows : (1) Sclereids firstly expanded their diameter and then started cell wall deposition, during late May to late June, and the cell wall deposition was completed in September. (2) The form of sclereids was categorized into three types. Type I was observed in the phloem of mature stage ; type III was observed in the phloem of juvenile stage ; type II that was an intermediate of types I and III was observed in all stages. (3) Sclereid length variation was fairly similar to tracheid length variation.E13KJ00004074149論文Articl
On the growth and photosynthesis of dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by near ultraviolet radiation and UV-B irradiation
Get PDF屋外の自然光下において,紫外線透過特性の異なるビニールフィルム被覆下で,紫外線の存在の有無がインゲンの生育,生産に及ぼす影響を調査した。さらに,自然光中の紫外線をほとんど含まない光環境下で,UV-Bの照射量がインゲンの生育並びに光合成速度に及ぼす影響を考究した。得られた結果の要約は次の通りである。1)自然光中の紫外線を除去することによりインゲンの伸長生長は高められたことから,紫外線はインゲンの生育に対して抑制的に作用することが認められたが,実験後半になって紫外線が存在する環境下で生存葉数の増加が見られた。2)紫外線の存在の有無と光合成との関係について,紫外線は光合成に抑制的に作用することが認められ,葉の糖含有率も低下する傾向を認めた。3)UV-B照射によるインゲンの生育への影響は,照射強度が増すにつれて生育に対する抑制作用が増大した。光合成速度に対しても同様の影響が見られ,葉の糖含有率が低下した。このことから,オゾン層の破壊に伴う生物に有害な紫外線の増加が,作物生産に重大な影響を及ぼす可能性が示唆された。The effect of the existence of near ultraviolet radiation on growth and production of dwarf bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was investigated in green house conditions with a vinyl film covering, of which the ultraviolet ray permeation characteristic differed. In addition, the effect of irradiation quantity of UV-B on growth and photosynthetic rate of dwarf bean was studied under the light condition which contained almost no near ultraviolet radiation in natural light. Results of the investigation are as follows. 1) The near ultraviolet radiation might inhibit the growth of dwarf bean, because the plant height was elongated by removing near ultraviolet radiation in natural light, but an increase in the number of leaves was observed under the condition of near ultraviolet radiation in the latter half of the experiment period. 2) On the relation between existence of near ultraviolet radiation and photosynthesis, the near ultraviolet radiation tended to also lower suger content rate of the leaf, while it worked to inhibit the photosynthesis rate of crop. 3) It was observed that the effect of the UV-B irradiation for the growth of dwarf bean also lowered photosynthetic rate and sugar content rate of the leaf, while the inhibitory effect for the growth increases with the increase of the irradiation intensity of UV-B. From this fact, the possibility of causing the effect which is important for the crop production, when noxious ultraviolet ray increases by ozone layer depletion, was considered.E5KJ00004074154論文Articl
On the growth of the crops and leaf tissue as affected by increase in UV-B radiant quantities
Get PDFオゾン層の破壊による自然光中のUV-B放射量の増加を想定して,作物の生育,乾物生産および葉の組織形態に及ぼす影響から,UV-B放射量の増加が作物生産に及ぼす影響を検討した。得られた結果の要約は次の通りである。1)自然光中のUV-B放射量が増加すると,作物(ツルナシインゲン,水稲,キュウリ)の生育は増加量に伴って極めて抑制的となった。2)UV-B放射量の増加の影響は特に葉の発育に大きな障害を与え,乾物生産量が低下した。3)インゲン葉の組織に及ぼすUV-Bの影響として,表皮細胞の枯死,さらには柵状組織細胞の形態異常が観察された。4)本研究の結果から,自然光中のUV-B放射量が概して20%増加するような状況になると,作物生産は極めて重大な影響を受けることが示唆された。On the assumption of the increase in UV-B radiant quantities in natural light by the ozone layer depletion, the effect of UV radiation on the growth, dry matter production and leaf tissue of crops were investigated. Results obtained are as follows. 1) The growth of dwarf bean, rice plant and cucumber became very inhibited, when UV-B radiant quantities in natural light increased. 2) Especially the effect of the increase of UV-B radiant quantities caused large failure in the growth of the leaf, and the amount of dry matter production lowered. 3) As an effect of UV-B on the tissue of dwarf bean leaf, death of epidermal cell and morphological abnormality of palisade tissue cell were observed. 4) From the result of this study, it was considered that crop production received a very important effect, when UV-B radiant quantities in the natural light increased 20% further than the present.E6KJ00004074155論文Articl
A Seasonal Change of Evapotranspiration by the Short-term Water Balance Method in a Forest Area
Get PDF本研究は,丹沢山地東部に位置する大洞量水試験地(流域面積0.48km^2)において観測された日雨量,日流量のデータをもとに,森林における蒸発散量の季節変化を追究したものである。蒸発散量の推定には短期水収支法を採用した。その結果,蒸発散量の季節変化を周期関数により表現することできた。その変化は気温の年間変動と一致した。蒸発散量の変化には,熱エネルギーの影響が大きく関与していると考えられる。This study investigated a seasonal change of evapotranspiration in the forest based on the hydrological data observed in Ohora Hydrological Station located in the eastern part of Mt. Tanzawa (basin area 0.48km^2). This study adopted the Short-term Water Balance Method in order to estimate evapotranspiration. The seasonal change of evapotranspiration was expressed by sine curve. Changes of evapotranspiration were fitted to annual changes of temperature. It was found that the influence of thermal energy had a great effect on change of evapotranspiration.E2KJ00004074162論文Articl
Effect of Exogenous Estrogen during Incubation on Sexual Behavior in Male Japanese Quail
Get PDF本実験では,ニホンウズラ(パンダ羽装)の種卵を用い,エストラジオールベンゾネイト(EB)を孵卵4日目に投与した。投与量は,0.0125mg, 0.025mg, 0.05mg, 0.1mgの4区とし,対照区はゴマ油投与のものを用いた。行動の観察は,10週齢において実施し,ADKINS(1975)の方法に従った。観察終了後,体重及び精巣重量を測定した。その結果,育成率はEB投与量の増加に伴い低下した。性行動に関しては従来の報告と異なり,投与濃度の如何にかかわらずEB投与区ではまったく性行動が発現しなかった。また,EB投与区ではクロアカ腺の萎縮が見られ,精巣は左側が肥大,右側が萎縮するという傾向が認められた。以上のことより,ニホンウズラ(パンダ羽装)に対する孵卵中のEB投与は,低濃度においても孵化後の性行動のみならず,育成率及び精巣の発達に大きな影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった。On the 4^ day of incubation, Japanese quail (panda) eggs were injected with either estradiol benzonate (EB) or sesame oil. The amount of EB injected was 0.0125mg, 0.025mg 0.05mg, or 0.1mg in 0.05ml sesame oil. Observations of the behavior were carried out at 10 weeks of age, following the method of ADKINS (1975). After the observation was finished, body weight and testes weight were measured. In spite of previous reports that the birds treated with less than 0.05mg of EB still showed a little masculine behavior, such behavior was not observed in any of the birds treated with EB in this experiment. Male birds treated with EB showed a poorer cloacal gland, hypertrophy of left testes, and atrophy of right testes. In the histological examination, the inside of the seminiferous tubule of EB-treated groups were rough in structure. The results of this experiment showed that the injection of EB during incubation influenced greatly not only masculine behavior, but also the viability and development of gonads of male Japanese quail (panda).E8KJ00004074194論文Articl
Review on the tropical forest and the global change in environment
Get PDF熱帯林の喪失が地球環境変動に連鎖していることが謂われて久しい。そして今日まで熱帯林の再生回復を目指す研究も盛んに行われてきた。しかしこの熱帯林に関する一般的な認識は必ずしも正確とは言い難い。高温多湿な環境条件下で成立する熱帯雨林が熱帯林の全てであるかに思われているが,実際の熱帯域には様々な熱帯林が分布している。特に東南アジアを中心に,南太平洋も含めて,現地で実際に観察したデータから,熱帯林植生の種類を分類し,特にタイ国での調査結果から熱帯の乾燥地に発達するモンスーン林(季節風林)について群系下位単位を分類した。これは植物社会学的に群集分類を行ったのではなく,熱帯乾燥地における植生遷移過程を解析するための手段として試みたものである。もう一つの問題は,森林伐採が大気中の炭酸ガス固定能力を著しく失うことなど,熱帯林の喪失が様々な地球環境変動に関わっていることが知られている。しかし森林伐採は確かにその時点で炭酸ガス固定能力を失うなど,環境を大きく変動させるが,森林伐採後,その森林が最も大きく変わるものは何か,また伐採後その森林はどうなって行くかなど,熱帯林自体の変化,すなわち植生遷移を見つめることが重要である。そこで熱帯林植生の種類よって構成種が違っていることが,その植生遷移を推測する一つの手がかりとなるものと考え,構成種の問題,すなわち熱帯林の多様性の問題に触れた。最後にこれらの熱帯林の生態的特性から,熱帯林と地球環境変動とが,どのような連鎖関係を持つかについて検討する基礎的な事項を取り上げ,以て熱帯林と地球環境変動問題を再考した。The UNSED that held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 1992, suggested "Sustainable development" for the save global environment. These detail contents were Agenda 21, 1. is an act for conservation global ecosystems. 2. A treaty of framework for global warming. 3. Conservation for the bio-diversity. 4. Statement on the principle of forests. And the others. According to these agendas has impact to natural scientists in the world, they are acting developed research on the conservation of nature. Especialy, Ecologists were concerned anxiety to the loss of tropical forests. As one of the related research project, title are "Bio-diversity and bio-productivity in the tropical dry forest, northeastern Thailand" started 1997 and concluded on 2000, by us, leader me. This research have been made an inquiry on the type of forest vegetation and recognized several paterns of the succession. This paper are review and proposed that global change has most relation to destroyed and increase succssetion of tropical forest, refered to our research and some of other research papers.E1KJ00004074200綜説Revie
Effects of Daylength, Temperature and Light Intensity on the Flowering of German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and Flower Bud Differentiation
Get PDFジャーマンカモミールの開花に及ぼす日長,温度及び光強度の影響と花芽分化発達過程について検討した。日長は8,12,16,24時間,温度は20,25,30℃,光強度は自然光を100%として遮光により25,50,75%の条件下でそれらの効果を見るとともに,花芽発育過程を外観と走査型電子顕微鏡から観察した。その結果,長日で出蕾,開花ともに促進され,開花時の主茎葉数が減少した。また,30℃で出蕾までの日数が短くなった。遮光が強くなるほど出蕾は遅れる傾向が見られ,25%の光強度では生育が劣った。以上の結果からジャーマンカモミールは量的長日植物であり,30℃の高温条件が開花までの日数を早めることがわかった。花芽発達段階は10段階に分類でき,それらは未分化期,生長点膨大期,総苞形成前期,総苞形成後期,小花形成前期,小花形成後期,花弁形成前期,花弁形成中期,花弁形成後期,開花期であった。Among applied daylengths of 8, 12, 16, 24-h, longer daylength promoted the flower bud development of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and resulted in earlier flowering. Therefore, German chamomile could be designated as a quantitative long-day plant. Also, budding and flowering were accelerated at high temperature of 30/25℃ (day/night). Reduction of light intensities by shading had the effect of retarding flower bud development, especially in the lot reduced into 25% of full sun light. Flower bud differentiation and development was observed by scanning electron microscope. Floral stages of German cbamomile were divided into 10 stages 0) Vegetative stage, 1) Pre-differentiation stage, 2) Involucre differentiation stage, 3) Later stage of involucre differentiation, 4) Early stage of floret formation, 5) Later stage of floret formation, 6) Early stage of petal formation, 7) Middle stage of petal formation, 8) Later stage of petal formation, 9) Flower opened. At stage 5, budding was observed.E4KJ00004074203論文Articl
Reproductive Ability of Ceylon Jungle Fowls (Gallus lafayettei) after imported in Japan
Get PDFセイロン野鶏は,スリランカ共和国の国鳥として手厚く保護されているものであるが,本報告は,本邦に導入後におけるその繁殖性を検討したものである。セイロン野鶏と岐阜地鶏との間のF1及びF2が作出できることを示した。Ceylon Jungle Fowls (CJFs) are designated as the national bird of the Republic of Sri Lanka and are strictly protected by the government. The present paper reports the reproductive ability of CJFs after being imported to Japan. The production of the first and second filial generation between CJFs and Gifujidoris (Gallus domesticus) was successful.E10KJ00004074209資料Research Dat
Trends and Issues in Agricultural Production in Peru : A Preliminary Consideration of Potato Cultivation in the Highlands
Get PDFペルーは農業的には沿岸地帯,高原・山岳地帯および熱帯雨林地帯の3つに区分できる。アンデス山地の農民は長い歴史の中で多種類の作物・家畜を順化させ,独特な山地農業を構築してきた。とくに高標高地帯ではジャガイモ栽培を中心としている。本稿では,本格的なペルー農業研究の準備として,生態系視点から3地帯の特徴を整理し,農業生産動向をマクロ的に検討し,さらにアンデス山地での実態調査に基づいて,ジャガイモ栽培の技術と経済性について考察する。アンデス山地農業は低生産性と低所得水準を特徴としているが,ペルーの食料自給化の推進のために重要な役割が期待されており,NGOを中心とする民間団体が技術普及に協力している。本稿ではこうしたNGO活動も紹介し,普及を図っている生態系農業の技術と経済性をジャガイモを軸に論述する。Peru consists of three agro-ecological zones : Coast, Highland, and Tropical Rainforest. Many kinds of crops and animals adapted to local conditions of Andes over a long history, and not only came to constitute unique highland agricultural systems but also diffused useful crops to the rest of the world. Especially well known is the adaptation of potato in Andes. In preparation for a full scale research in Peru, this paper aims to clarify agricultural and ecological characteristics of the three zones, examine agricultural production trends in recent decades, and discuss technological and economic aspects of potato cultivation based on field study conducted in the Andes. Although Andean agriculture may be characterized by low levels of productivity and income, it is expected to play a greater role in increasing domestic food production in Peru. Not only government institutes but also NGOs are actively involved in research and extension for the promotion of Andean agricultural development. Ecological agriculture promoted by one such NGO will be taken up for a case study of potato cultivation in highland areas.E7KJ00004019077論文Articl
Morphological Study of Flower Bud Development of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Get PDFスイートバジルの花芽の発達過程を光学顕微鏡と走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察した。花芽発達段階は,0 : 未分化,1 : 肥厚期,2 : 分化初期,3 : 分化期,4 : がく片分化期,5 : 花弁分化期,6 : 雄ずい分化期,7 : 雌ずい分化期と8 : 雌ずい発達期の9ステージに分類できた。スイートバジルを昼温30℃/夜温25℃,12時間日長で栽培したところ,花芽分化は播種33日後に,開花は播種58日後にみられた。スイートバジルの子房の内部では4個の胚珠が発達したが,子房壁はほとんど肥厚しなかった。子房壁は肥大せずに4個の痩果となり,薄くて硬い子房壁が内部の種子を覆っていた。Flower bud development of sweet basil was observed by using scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. Floral stages of sweet basil were divided into 9 stages : 0) vegetative stage, 1) thickening stage, 2) pre-differentiation stage, 3) differentiation stage, 4) sepal differentiation stage, 5) petal differentiation stage, 6) stamen differentiation stage, 7) pistil differentiation stage and 8) pistil development stage. Flower bud differentiation occurred at 33 days and bloomed 58 days after sowing under 30℃ daytime and 25℃ nighttime temperature, respectively. Regarding sweet basil, since the ovary wall was thin, each ovary developed like the shape of ovules. Sweet basil is an indehiscent fruit plant and makes achenes. A thin and hard mericarp enclosed the inner seed.E3KJ00004019092論文Articl