Tokyo University of Agriculture Repository / 東京農業大学リポジトリ
Not a member yet
1196 research outputs found
Sort by
Correlation of Dry Weight Between Organs in Soybean
Get PDFダイズの器官別乾物重やそれぞれの器官の乾物重が総乾物重に占める割合(器官率)について,器官間あるいは総乾物重との間に一定の関係があるのかを明らかにすることを目的とした。1999年はタマホマレ,2002年はタマホマレ,東山 69号,Peking を供試し,様々な総乾物重のサンプルを得るために遮光および間引き処理を行った。また,2003年はタマホマレの播種期を変化させ,2012年は Lee の根粒非着生系統を供試して窒素施用量を変えて乾物生産量を変化させた。これらについて器官別乾物重を測定し,その相互関係および器官率について解析を行った。その結果,器官別乾物重はいずれも総乾物重と有意な相関があり,器官間においてもそれぞれ有意な直線関係が認められた。一方,器官率は総乾物重が小さい場合に子実で低く,茎葉で高い傾向があった。それぞれの器官間における器官率の関係は,栄養器官同士もしくは生殖器官同士の間には正の相関が,栄養器官と生殖器官との間には負の相関が認められたが,器官別乾物重間でみるよりも回帰式の決定係数は低かった。また,生育期間が短くなった場合の器官率には他の条件下とは異なる傾向が認められた。以上から,各器官の乾物重や器官率間には一定の関係があり,それらの関係式を利用してある器官から別の器官の乾物重や器官率を推測できる可能性が示唆された。しかし,総乾物重が低い場合や生育期間が短い場合には器官率が変動するため,器官率を利用して他の器官の解析を行うことは精度が低くなる可能性があり,複数の器官別乾物重データを組み合わせて補正する必要があると考えられた。また,収穫指数は葉を無視した収穫指数と高い相関があり,収穫指数の代わりに葉を無視した収穫指数を利用できるものと考えられた。The objective of this study is to clarify relationships between dry weights of each organ in soybean. Field experiments were conducted in 1999, 2002, 2003 and 2012 at Shimane, Wakayama and Tokyo, respectively. In 1999, the soybean cultivar Tamahomare was grown under shading or thinning conditions to make some variation of dry weight. In 2002, Tamahomare, Tousan 69 and Peking were grown under shading or thinning conditions. In 2003, Tamahomare was sown five times from 17 May to 10 August. In 2012, non-nodulate isoline of Lee was grown under four levels of nitrogen application. There were significant linear positive relationships between total dry weight and each organ dry weights or between dry weights of organs relative to each other. Rates of each organ dry weight to total dry weight were not constant when total dry weight were less than 100 g plant^-1 ; leaf and stem rate were low and seed rate were high. Although, there were significant positive relationships between rate of vegetative organs or reproductive organs to each other, there were negative relationships between rate of vegetative organs and reproductive organs. The correlation coefficient in organs rate were lower than that in dry weights. The tendencies of these relationships in plant under short growth season conditions in 2003 were different to other conditions. These results suggest that there were significant correlations in dry weight or rate of organs to each other, and these relationships may useful for estimates of dry weight or rate of organs. However, revision from data of plural organs needs to estimate more precisely under diverse conditions.E3KJ00008890459論文Articl
Impacts of Openings on the Efficiency of Regional Wildlife Control Fences for Damage by Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)
Get PDF広域で設置される獣害防止柵では道路や河川などと交わる場所に柵のない開口部が生じる。本研究ではニホンジカの高密度生息地域である神奈川県丹沢山系に設置された広域獣害防止柵(52km)を対象に,開口部の存在がシカ侵入防止に及ぼす影響について調査した。開口部は2.0箇所/kmの割合で存在しており,道路と河川による開口部が多くほぼ同数(各0.8箇所/km)を占めた。開口部のシカ通過頻度は,開口部幅3.0m以下で有意に低くなった。広域柵には倒木や野生動物の働きによって生じた破損開口部も存在したが,野生動物由来の破損部を通過するシカは少なかった。柵の山側から農地に侵入してくるシカは,開口部1箇所あたり0.24頭/日と推定された。山から里への移動は日没後に,里から山への移動は早朝に活発となった。すなわち,農地への侵入は夜間に行われており,侵入したシカは柵から最遠2kmの農地にまで侵入していた。しかし日没後と早朝に開口部を逆方向に通過する個体も少なからずみられ,それぞれ前者の37%および30%を占めた。これは昼間に人里側のヤブに潜む個体と考えられた。獣害防止のためには人里のヤブ刈り払いが重要といえる。Regional wildlife control fences are often interrupted by roads and streams. To investigate the negative impacts of these openings for efficiency of fences, a sensor camera survey was conducted at a sika deer fence that was constructed along the foot of the Tanzawa Mountains in Kanagawa Prefecture over 52km. Openings were found at the ratio of about 2.0 per kilometer. The frequency of gaps by road and human trails was 0.8/km, and 0.8/km by streams. Passing frequency of the deer became low at narrow openings (<3 m). Although there were holes that were created by mid-size animals, the passing frequency of the deer for those holes was low. Daily invading frequency of the deer from mountainside to farmland through the fence was estimated to be 0.24 deer/km, indicating the effectiveness of the fence. During the nighttime, the deer invaded farmlands over a distance of two km from the edge of the mountain woodland. The deer indicated a bimodal nocturnal activity pattern. Many of them passed through gaps from mountain side to farmland around 17 : 00-20 : 00, and returned to the mountain side around 4 : 00-6 : 00. However, about one-third of the deer tended to move reversely. As the latter deer seem to be hiding in the bushes at farmland side during daytime, clearing of those bushes is necessary for removing such deer.E3KJ00009311519論文Articl
Effect of Yield Character of Normal Tillers on Appearance of Upper Nodal Tillers for Directly Sown Flooded Paddy Rice
Get PDF湛水直播水稲において,高位分げつが出現した分げつと出現しなかった分げつの収量関連形質を比較した。播種様式を点播とし,苗立ち密度50本/m2(低苗立ち密度)の50本区および100本/m2(適正苗立ち密度)の100本区の2区を設けた。両区とも高位分げつが多く出現し,その出現数は50本区で78.5本/m2および100本区で93.5本/m2であった。両区とも出現した高位分げつの殆どがbT3(止葉節から出現した分げつをbT1とし,求基的に示した分げつ位)とbT4であった。高位分げつが出現した分げつの方が,出現しなかった分げつより1穂籾数,1穂玄米重および登熟歩合が有意に大きかった。高位分げつが出現した分げつの中では,bT4が出現した分げつの方がbT3が出現した分げつより,収量関連形質が大きかった。また,葉数3枚の高位分げつが出現した分げつの方が葉数2枚の高位分げつが出現した分げつより,1穂籾数,1穂玄米重および登熟歩合が大きい傾向が見られた。高位分げつ自身も,bT4の方がbT3より,すべての収量関連形質が大きく,さらに葉数3枚の高位分げつの方が,葉数2枚の高位分げつより登熟歩合を除く収量関連形質が大きい傾向を示した。以上の結果,高位分げつが出現した分げつは,出現しなかった分げつより1穂籾数,1穂玄米重および登熟歩合が大きいことから,出穂期前の蓄積炭水化物が豊富で,しかも出穂期後の炭水化物生産量が多いと推察された。また,高位分げつが出現した分げつの収量関連形質が大きいほど,高位分げつ自身の収量関連形質も大きいことが明らかとなった。Using hill sowing at 50 and 100seedlings/m2, the related yield characteristics of normal tillers (tillers with UNT appearance and tillers without UNT appearance) were compared with the appearance of upper nodal tillers (UNTs) in direct sowing in flooded paddy field rice. UNTs appeared in 50-seedling and 100-seedling plots. The numbers of UNTs per square meter were 78.5 (50-seedling plot) and 93.5 (100-seedling plot). Those with UNT appearance were almost all bT3 and bT4. The number of spikelets per panicle, the weight of brown rice per panicle, and the percentage of ripened grains of tillers with UNT appearance were significantly higher than those of tillers without UNT appearance. Yield characteristics of tillers of bT4 with appearance were higher than those of tillers of bT3 with appearance compared with the tillers with UNT appearance. The number of spikelets per panicle, the weight of brown rice per panicle, and the percentage of ripened grains of tillers of three-leaf UNTs were higher than for tillers of two-leaf UNTs. All related yield characteristics of the bT4 were higher than those of bT3. All related yield characteristics of the three-leaf UNTs were higher than those of the two-leaf UNTs. Therefore, because the number of spikelets per panicle, the weight of brown rice per panicle, and the percentage of ripened grains of the tillers with UNT appearance were higher than those of tillers without UNT appearance, tillers with UNT appearance showed abundant accumulated carbohydrates before the heading stage, and showed high production of carbohydrates after the heading stage. Results clarified that the related yield characteristics of UNTs were high when the related yield characteristics of tillers with UNT appearance were high.E6KJ00009312399論文Articl
Survivorship and Reproductive Trend in Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, Analyzed from the Studbook in Japan
Get PDF日本国内で1931年～2012年までに飼育されたチーターAcinonyx jubatusの繁殖傾向と生存状況を調査するために,国際血統登録「International Cheetah Studbook 2012」とチーター国内血統登録を用いて分析を行った。16施設(現在飼育施設9施設)で548頭が飼育され,そのうち314頭は,雄36頭,雌42頭から産まれた。これらの繁殖個体の繁殖時の年齢について,野生個体,海外個体,国内個体間で統計的な有意差が確認された(p<0.05)。雌は海外個体が野生個体,国内個体に比べ高齢であり,雄は国内個体が野生個体,海外個体に比べ低年齢であった。国内の繁殖において,出産した雌の頭数は導入総数と雄の途中導入数で,繁殖例数は雄の導入数,導入個体の由来数及び雄の途中導入数で説明され,共に雄の新規個体の導入数が大きく関係していた。また,繁殖可能個体が同時期に同一施設で飼育されている場合,5例中4例で繁殖に優位な個体が確認された。これらのことから,雄の新規個体導入により多くの雌雄が良いパートナーとペアになる機会を増やすことが重要であり,複数頭の繁殖可能な雌が同じ施設にいる場合,繁殖に優位な雌の特定又は,雌間の関係を考慮した繁殖計画が必要だと考えられた。We investigated the reproductive trend and survival of cheetah Acinonyx jubatus, reared between 1931 and 2012 in Japan. We analyzed the "International Cheetah Studbook 2012" and the "Cheetah Internal Studbook" for the history of cheetahs reared in Japan, population movement, breeding changes, age at death, rearing and breeding results at each animal-breeding facility, and breeding results when females were reared at the same place and for the same period. A total of 548 animals were bred in 16 facilities (9 facilities at present), and 314 of them were produced in Japan. The offspring were born from 36 males and 42 females. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the age of sires and dams at mating among imported wild cheetahs (wild), imported captive-bred cheetahs from foreign zoos (foreign-bred), and captive-bred cheetahs in Japan (domestic). The average age of mating in foreign-bred female cheetahs was higher than those of wild and domestic in females, and the average age of mating in domestic males was lower than those of wild and domestic in males. The number of females that produced offspring and the number of births were explained by the total number of introductions, the number of origins of the introduced individual and the number of halfway introductions of males, and the total number of male introductions and the number of halfway introduction of males, respectively. The number of halfway introductions of males concerned both of the above items. Reproductive predominance individual was observed among females in 4 of 5 cases when mature females were reared in the same place and for the same period. Above all, it is important to increase the opportunities for mating by introducing new males to improve breeding success. Moreover, it become clear that when mature females are reared at the same place and for the same period, a breeding program in consideration of specification of a predominance female or the relation between females is required for breeding.E3KJ00009571239論文Articl
Deployment of Policies, Methods and Technology of Urban Greening Business in Japan─Introduction towards Building up of "Urban Greening Studies"
Get PDF本稿では,都市緑化の特異性とその事業を具体的に実践する上で,基幹となる都市緑化の「起源と系譜」「方途に関しての基本的認識」「意義と効果」「環境特性と緑化用植物の生育との関係」「植栽基盤整備」「緑化用植物の種類」「外来生物法と生物多様性との関係」「機能植栽」「街路樹」「建築空間域(屋上・壁面・室内)の緑化」「森づくり」「植栽の維持管理」「都市緑化技術」等の現状の展開と今後の課題について,筆者なりの視点やこれまでに得られた知見から取りまとめてみた。In this paper, in order to elucidate the specific practice of urban greening and its business, issues and current status of deployment are considered to include the following points. The author compiled these points from knowledge of the field and his own point of view of urban greening as follows ; "origin and genealogy," "basic recognition regarding methods", "significance and the effect", "development of infrastructure for planting", "relationship with the growth of environmental characteristics and greening plants", "kind of greening plants", "foreign species act and the relationship with biodiversity", "functional planting", "street trees", "as architectural space area, greening of roof, wall and in the room", "making the forest", "maintenance of planting", "urban greening technology".E2KJ00009651179総説Revie
Biomass Estimation Using MODIS Imagery and its Response to Precipitation in Mongolian Grasslands
Get PDFモンゴルで頻発しているゾド(冬季の異常寒波)は,先行して起きる夏季の草地劣化が助長要因の一つである.計画的な放牧のために,夏季の草地状況を広域的かつ連続的に把握することが必要である.また,モンゴルの植生は降雨量の多寡に影響されることが知られており,降雨量によりバイオマスの分布をある程度予測できる.しかし,近年都市周辺の過放牧が深刻化しているため,降雨量とバイオマスの関係が変化していると考えられる.本研究では,MODISデータを用いたバイオマス推定手法を考案した.次に,降雨量に対するバイオマスの応答性を評価し,現地測定したバイオマスとMODIS-LAI(葉面積指数)データの関係からバイオマス推定式を考案した.これまで広く利用されてきたMODIS-NDVI(正規化植生指数)データよりもMODIS-LAIデータを用いた方が,良好な精度で推定できることを示した.次に,降雨量とバイオマスの関係を解析した結果,森林域が近い北部のモンゴル草地と半沙漠域に位置する南部の草地において相関が認められた.したがって北部および南部は,降雨量の多寡にバイオマスが応答していることが示唆された.しかし,首都ウランバートルが位置する中部の草地では,降雨量とバイオマスとの間に相関が認められず,バイオマスは降雨量以外の要因に影響されていることを示した.In recent decades, global climate change and overgrazing has caused grassland degradation in Mongolia. Key industry is livestock husbandry by nomads in this country. However, the damage called dzud which death of livestock by pasture shortage due to grassland degradation has occurred. Thus, development of biomass estimation method and understanding of biomass response to precipitation and the characteristics for planned grazing are needed. Firstly, in order to calculate the biomass estimating equation from MODIS imagery, a regression analysis was performed using the amount of biomass from field survey and vegetation index from MODIS-NDVI and MODIS-LAI in 2003 to 2012. Secondly the relationship and response to estimated biomass from MODIS imagery and precipitation was investigated. Then analysis was conducted in three areas: north area near forest region, central area including Ulan Bator and south area near Gobi desert. As a result, it was found that the accuracy of biomass estimating equation using MODIS-LAI was higher than that using MODIS-NDVI. It was found that biomass reached a peak in the summer season (July or Aug.), and after that, rapidly decreased in each area every year. Precipitation had slightly increased for 10 years in north and central areas, however biomass was remained static. Moreover a significant correlation was found between biomass and precipitation in the north and south area but not the central area. Thus the biomass response to precipitation is shown in north and south areas. It is suggested that condition of grassland degradation by overgrazing exist in the central area, since no relationship exists between precipitation and biomass.E4KJ00009843679論文Articl
A Nutritional Physiological Study on the Excessive or Deficient Intake of Dietary Minerals and Their Interrelationships
Get PDF微量栄養素の一つであるミネラルの生理作用については，多くの研究がなされている現状であるが，ミネラル単独の効果や生理作用についての研究がなされているのみである。ミネラルと他栄養素との関係並びにミネラルの相互関係について，ミネラル摂取の過不足が生体内ミネラルの相互関係に対する影響について実験動物を用いて検討した我々の結果を中心に総説する。Current literature contains many studies on the physiological activity of minerals, a type of micronutrient. However, these studies have only considered the efficacy and physiological activity of individual minerals in isolation. Here, we review how different minerals interact and relate to other nutrients, using the results from our experimental animal studies that show how these factors are affected in vivo by the excessive or deficient intake of dietary minerals.E1綜説Revie
Discovery of Alien Species, Topmouth Gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) in Kitami, Hokkaido
Get PDF2015年11月4日，北海道北見市内の野付牛公園内において国内外来種のモツゴを採捕した。このことは，オホーツク海側近辺域に本種が分布することを明らかにした初めての報告になる。侵入の経路は不明だが，過去に近隣で販売されていたことから飼育個体の遺棄や，他生物の放流時に混入した可能性が考えられる。また，当歳サイズの個体も採捕され，池内で再生産している可能性が高いと考えられた。今後は，定着の有無と在来種への影響を確認するため，モニタリングの継続とともに，更なる分布拡大を防ぎ，地域住民への啓蒙活動を進めるべきである。The alien species topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) was captured in the lake at Notsukeushi Park, Kitami, Hokkaido on November 4, 2015. This study is the first report on the discovery of topmouth gudgeon observed around the area near the coast of the Okhotsk Sea. The reproductive status and the introduction process in Notsukeushi Park are currently unknown. However, the probability of reproduction is high because a fish measuring 32mm was observed and was considered to be a the yearling fish. There are two possibilities for the introduction: one is that topmouth gudgeon was sold around the area, and might have been dumped. The other is that other fishes were released into the lake and topmouth gudgeon was accidentally introduced with them. We should continue monitoring to confirm whether topmouth gudgeon has already been established in Notsukeushi Park and what the impact on the native species is. Then we have to develop methods to prevent the further spread of this species and bring awareness to the general public.E6短報Not
Seed Germination Traits of a Threatened Plant, Euonymus oligospermus Ohwi
Get PDFアンドンマユミEuonymus oligospermus Ohwiはニシキギ科の落葉小低木で，環境省により絶滅危惧種IA類に指定されている。本種は福島県桧枝岐村でのみ記録されており，日本固有の植物種である。しかし，自然環境下における本種の自生状況は現在不明であり，わずかな個体が栽培保護下にあるのみである。このような背景から本研究では，アンドンマユミの個体群の維持に寄与するため，アンドンマユミの発芽特性を明らかにすることを目的とした。発芽試験の結果，試験に供試した6種のニシキギ属植物のうちアンドンマユミおよびマユミのみで発芽が確認されたが，すべての種子の発芽前処理や発芽条件において，アンドンマユミの発芽率はマユミに比べて極めて低かった。しかし，植物ホルモンであるジベレリン処理を行った試験区において無処理区に比べて高い発芽率が確認された。また，発芽しなかった種子においてもジベレリン処理による高い種皮の離脱率が確認された。このことからジベレリン処理は，アンドンマユミ種子の発芽促進に有効であり，種子休眠の打破には異なる要因が寄与していると考えられる。Euonymus oligospermus Ohwi (Celastraceae) is a threatened species of deciduous shrub. It is endemic in Japan, and located in Hinoemata village, Fukushima Pref. northern Japan. However, it is a domesticated plant and only a few individuals are cultivated in the village. There is no information on native population. The purpose of this study was to determine seed germination traits in E. oligospermus. In this study, we used a combination of gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment and cold stratification treatment to test seed germination rates versus untreated controls. The germination was confirmed only in E. oligospermus and E. hamiltonianus. The seed coat split after GA3 treatment. However, the rate of germination was lower than E. hamiltonianus in all GA3 treatments. Therefore, GA3 treatment was effective for promotion with seed germination, while, it is also thought that to breaking seed dormancy may be caused by other factors.E1P論文Articl
Characterization and detection methods of Papaya ringspot virus from the Philippines
Get PDFフィリピンのルソン島バタンガスで採集した輪紋症状を示すパパイヤ(Carica papaya)からウイルスの1分離株(PRSV-P-B)を得た。このウイルスを各種植物へ汁液接種したところ,全身感染したパパイヤ,ズッキーニ(Cucurbita pepo),メロン(Cucumis melo),シロウリ(Cucumis melo var. conomon),ニホンカボチャ(Cucurbita moschata),およびキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)と局所感染したC. amaranticolorの7種に感染した。電子顕微鏡観察ではパパイヤ病株や汁液接種したズッキーニに幅12nm,長さ700～800nmのひも状ウイルス粒子と細胞質封入体の破片とが認められた。PRSV-P-BはELISAでパパイヤ輪点ウイルス抗血清(ATCC)と陽性反応を,ズッキーニ黄斑モザイクウイルス抗血清(ATCC)および真岡哲夫博士より分譲を受けたパパイヤ奇形葉モザイクウイルス(PLDMV)の抗血清とは陰性反応を示した。ウイルス外被タンパク質の分子量は約36Kであった。以上の性質から,フィリピンのパパイヤから分離されたPRSV-P-Bはパパイヤ輪点ウイルスと同定,確認された。PRSV-P-Bに対する抗血清を作製し,健全ズッキーニ葉汁で吸収してからELISAに用いた。PRSV-P-Bは新鮮なあるいは乾燥したパパイヤあるいはズッキーニ病葉からELISA,DIBA,そしてTIBAによって検出された。さらに,PRSV-P-Bは渡辺ら(1998)によるPRSV特異的合成プライマーを利用したRT-PCRによって増幅された。PLDMV(真岡哲夫博士から分譲)は同プライマーで増幅されなかったので,RT-PCRはPRSVとPLDMVの迅速な類別に有効と考えられた。An isolate of virus (PRSV-P-B) from papaya (Carica papaya) showing ringspots on leaves collected at Batangus, Luzon, the Philippines was characterized. The virus was manually inoculated and showed to be infectious to 7 species of plants in 3 families including papaya, zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), two types of melons (Cucumis melo, Cucumis melo var. conomon), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus), as systemic hosts, and Chenopodium amaranticolor as a local lesion host. Filamentous virus particles of 700～800nm length and 12 nm width and debris of inclusion bodies were observed in diseased papaya or manually inoculated zucchini under electron microscope. PRSV-P-B was positively reacted with antiserum to Papaya ringspot virus (ATCC) but showed negative reactions with antisera to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ATCC) and Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (Gift from Dr. T. Maoka) in ELISA. Molecular weight of coat protein was approximately 36K. Based upon these results, the virus (PRSV-P-B) obtained from papaya plant collected in the Philippines was identified as Papaya ringspot virus. Serum against PRSV-P-B was produced and used for ELISA after absorption with healthy sap of zucchini. PRSV-P-B was detected by ELISA, DIBA and TIBA with fresh or dried leaves of infected papaya or zucchini. PRSV-P-B was also detected by RT-PCR using the synthetic primers designed by Watanabe et al. (1998) which was specific for PRSV. As RNA of PLDMV (Gift from Dr. T. Maoka) was not amplified by RT-PCR with specific primers for PRSV, it was shown that RT-PCR was useful to distinguish PRSV from PLDMV rapidly.E8KJ00004074136論文Articl