Tokyo University of Agriculture Repository / 東京農業大学リポジトリ
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Fate of transplanted Solidago virgaurea subsp. asiatica and Lilium leichtlini at the top of Mt. Jimba for three years
Get PDF半自然草地の復元創出を試みる際，生育地から消えた植物種を積極的に導入する手法の開発は重要である。本研究では，現地採取した種子から育苗したアキノキリンソウとコオニユリの当年生苗各40苗を，2021年に陣場山山頂の裸地と既存草地に植栽した。定着状況を2023年まで追跡し，半自然草地の復元に関する知見を得ることとした。2023年の苗の残存率は，アキノキリンソウで約80％，コオニユリで約60％だった。植栽個体は周辺植生から被陰を受けており，より光要求性の低いアキノキリンソウの残存率がより高くなったと考えられた。裸地に植栽を行った区画では2023年にコオニユリの残存率がとくに低下し，その原因としてメマツヨイグサの優占化が考えられた。Seedling transplantation is a major technique for reintroducing plant species into restoration sites. This study aimed to clarify the establishment of transplanted individuals of two grassland species. Sown Solidago virgaurea subsp. asiatica and Lilium leichtlini were grown for three months. Then, eighty individuals of the two species were transplanted on two slopes (with bare ground and with existing grassland) at the top of Mt. Jimba in 2021. Survival rates in S. virgaurea subsp. asiatica and L. leichtlini were 80 % and 60 % in 2023, respectively, suggesting generally successful restoration outcomes. The difference in the survival rate between the two species would be due to the differences in the light requirements. The survival rate of S. virgaurea subsp. asiatica sharply decreased on bare ground in 2023. One possible reason is the dominance of Oenothera biennis L. This suggests the importance of introducing desirable dominant species in such restoration sites
UVH6 regulates osmotic and heat stress tolerance by modulating transcription
Get PDF植物の遺伝子修復と遺伝子発現（転写）の両方を担う重要なタンパク質「UVH6」が、乾燥や塩分過多といった浸透圧（水欠乏）ストレスや高温ストレスに対する植物の耐性を制御する、これまでに知られていなかったメカニズムを明らかにしました。Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a critical mechanism for repairing DNA damage, including UV-induced lesions and chemically induced adducts. The UVH6 gene encodes a subunit of the transcription factor IIH complex and is essential for both NER and transcription initiation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, UVH6 mutations impair DNA repair, enhance UV sensitivity, and decrease heat stress tolerance. We here isolated acquired osmotolerance-defective12 (aod12) mutant derived from osmotolerant Bu-5 accession; this mutant had pale green leaves and was osmosensitive and heat sensitive. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that a mutation in UVH6 underlies these phenotypes of aod12. RNA sequencing demonstrated that UVH6 is necessary for appropriate transcriptional responses under osmotic stress, as expression of some stress-response genes was altered in aod12. Expression of pathogenesis-related genes and cell death were increased, indicating that immune responses detrimental to osmotolerance were activated. Interestingly, UVH6-mediated osmotolerance was independent of its canonical DNA repair function, as other NER-related mutants (xpf, xpg, ercc1) were not osmosensitive. Signaling pathways involving UVR8 and SOG1 were not implicated in UVH6 mutation-induced immune responses, suggesting a novel regulatory mechanism linking transcriptional control and stress tolerance. This study highlights UVH6 as a key integrator of genome stability, transcription, and stress resilience in plants
Analyses of hyphal diversity in Trichosporonales yeasts based on fluorescent microscopic observations
Get PDFIn dimorphic yeasts, hyphal growth is primarily associated with infection and mycosis progression, with Trichosporon asahii causing deep-seated mycosis and summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Magnesium accelerates hyphal growth in T. asahii, leading to multi-septation, vacuolar expansion, and decreased lipid droplet size. However, the commonality of these phenotypes has not been studied in Trichosporonales yeasts. Therefore, to explore whether similar magnesium-induced phenotypes occur across Trichosporonales yeasts, we examined hyphal growth, multi-septation, vacuolar extension, and lipid droplet size and number in 30 species. Cell length increased with magnesium treatment in 13 yeasts: 5 Trichosporon (T. asahii, Trichosporon aquatile, Trichosporon asteroides, Trichosporon coremiiforme, and Trichosporon ovoides), three Apiotrichum (Apiotrichum brassicae, Apiotrichum montevideense, and Apiotrichum veenhuisii), three Cutaneotrichosporon (Cutaneotrichosporon cavernicola, Cutaneotrichosporon cutaneum, and Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis), Pascua guehoae, and Takashimella koratensis. C. dermatis also underwent pseudo-hyphal growth. Multi-septation increased in seven dimorphic yeasts, including five Trichosporon spp., Trichosporon faecale, and C. dermatis. The vacuolar area was significantly extended in T. asahii, T. aquatile, T. ovoides, and C. dermatis. Lipid droplet size increased only in Trichosporon inkin; however, it decreased in T. asahii, T. coremiiforme, and T. faecale. Additionally, lipid droplet number was preferentially altered in Apiotrichum and Cutaneotrichosporon. These results suggested that magnesium-induced multi-septation and vacuolar area expansion phenotypically distinguish Trichosporon hyphae from Apiotrichum and Cutaneotrichosporon hyphae and distinguish C. dermatis pseudo-hyphae from Cutaneotrichosporon spp. Moreover, differences in lipid droplet size can discriminate species within Trichosporon. Our results suggest that phenotypic alteration via magnesium treatment can contribute to the characterization of Trichosporonales yeasts. These findings provide insights into fungal pathogenesis and may support new treatment strategies.IMPORTANCEMagnesium sulfate considerably affects hyphal growth and cellular organization in Trichosporon asahii. To examine the commonality of this phenotype in Trichosporonales, we treated 30 Trichosporonales yeasts with magnesium sulfate and observed genus-level phenotypic alterations. Using cell length measurement, lipid droplet staining, septum staining, and vacuole staining, considerable hyphal diversity was observed among Trichosporonales. Notably, differences in the multi-septation phenotype and vacuolar size distinguished Trichosporon hyphae from Apiotrichum and Cutaneotrichosporon hyphae and distinguished Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis from other Cutaneotrichosporon spp. Moreover, differences in lipid droplet phenotype divided Trichosporon hyphae into two groups. Our study revealed the relationship between hyphal morphology and phylogenetic systematics in Trichosporonales
Position and Spatial Composition of Japanese Residential Gardens Constructed in Taihoku during the Japanese Colonial Period (1895-1945)
Get PDF本論文では，日本統治時代における台湾の日本人住宅・宿舎の庭園の保存・修復の今後に資することを目的に，残存事例が台湾でも数多い台北の日本人住宅・宿舎の庭園について調査した。その結果，以下のことを明らかにした。庭園規模は，建物面積の2～7倍が理想とされ，現地調査では多くの庭園が2倍程度であり，平均では2.2倍であったこと。庭園配置は，台北市内の風向きと住宅への通風が考慮された結果，南北方向，あるいは南西・北東方向に前庭・主庭を配置する傾向があったこと。庭園構成は，芝生が太陽の輻射熱を緩和し，植栽は建物の壁体への直射日光を緩和する役割を担い，ベランダ，テラス，パーゴラが防暑のための特徴的な施設であったこと。外囲いは住宅敷地内の通風を考慮して生垣が推奨されたこと。床下通風の観点から床は高床に設定され，沓脱には自然石ではなく人造石が多用されたこと。As Japanese gardens in Taiwan will be restored in the future, the purpose of this study is to analyze the Japanese residential gardens which were constructed in Taihoku during the Japanese colonial period. The results of document analysis and field surveys led to this paper’s new findings, and are as follows : The area of the ideal garden was two to seven times that of the main house. Most of the gardens were twice the area of the main house with an average of 2.2 times the area of the house. The positioning of the gardens tended to be located in a northerly and southerly direction or a southwest and the northeast direction. The wind direction in Taihoku city seems to have been considered and connected with the ventilation to the house. Four points were discussed in the components of the gardens. The first is, that the lawn could absorb the radiant heat of the sun. The second is that plants could play an important role in soothing the direct sunlight to the walls of the main house. The third is that the main facilities for protection against the sun were verandas, terraces and pergolas. The fourth is, that not natural stone but artificial stone was used as the shoe-removing stone area, because the floor of house was set at a high level for the ventilation. Therefore, the shoe-removing stone needed to be customized and was usually made of concrete.E2P論文Articl
Control of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium Wilt by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by Using Pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) as a Rootstock of Tomato
Get PDFペピーノを台木に用いたトマトの青枯病および萎凋病に対する発病抑制効果を検討した。青枯病Ⅰ～Ⅴ群菌にそれぞれ属する15菌株を接種したところ，ペピーノ‘ゴールドNo.1’およびペピーノ台接ぎ木トマト（‘大型福寿’/‘ゴールドNo.1’）では，外部病徴および導管褐変は認められなかった。トマト萎凋病レース1，2および3の菌株を接種したところ，ペピーノ‘ゴールドNo.1’およびペピーノ台接ぎ木トマト（‘大型福寿’/‘ゴールドNo.1’）では，外部病徴および導管褐変は認められなかった。以上，ペピーノ‘ゴールドNo.1’をトマトの台木として用いることで，青枯病およびトマト萎凋病に対する発病抑制効果が期待できる。Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici induce damage during the production of tomato. In this study, we investigated the control effect of these diseases by using pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) as a rootstock. In inoculation test of R. solanacearum of bacterial groupⅠ-Ⅴ and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races 1-3, own-rooted tomato ‘Ogata-fukuju’ was highly susceptible to all of the strains, whereas own-rooted pepino ‘Gold No.1’ and tomato ‘Ogatafukuju’ grafted on pepino ‘Gold No.1’ were completely resistant to all of the strains. Our results indicate that pepino ‘Gold No.1’ is resistant to the R. solanacearum bacterial groups and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races 1-3, and application of pepino as a rootstock can be an effective method for control of bacterial wilt and wilt diseases.E2P論文Articl
Effects of Phosphorus Application in the Form of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Phosphorus Absorption and Yield in Wheat
Get PDFCharacteristics of Job Satisfaction in Agricultural Corporations by Farming Type： Case Study Analysis of Six Agricultural Corporations
Get PDFInhibitory Effects of Dicyandiamide and Neem (Azadirachta indica) on N Dynamics and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Paddy Saline‐Sodic Soils: A Laboratory Study
Get PDFApplication of nitrifcation inhibitors (NIs) with nitrogen (N) fertilizer is an efcient way to increase soil N availability with minimum greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from diferent soil types; however, there is scarce information for salt-afected soils.
Tisstudy explored the efect of two NIs—dicyandiamide (DCD) and neem leaf powder—applied with urea on the soil N content and the emissions of nitrous (N2O) oxide, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) using aerobic and anaerobic conditions in a 56-day incubation experiment with three diferent levels of salinity and sodicity in saline-sodic soils. Urea combined with both NIs hadaslight impact on delaying nitrifcation and signifcantly decreased the nitrate (NO3−-N) content compared to urea alone, while the release of all GHG was successfully suppressed except CO2. Te levels of all GHG emissions were the greatest with anaerobic conditions and peaked when the soils were submerged for 14days, while the inhibition of GHG emissions due to these NIs with anaerobic conditions was less efective than for aerobic conditions. Based on a paired comparison between NIs, both NIs equally reduced CH4 emission; however, neem leaf powder reduced signifcantly more N2O than DCD. Te fndings from this study indicated that, to some extent, both NIs could be used to increase the efciency of N fertilizer in these salt-afected soils; however, there were no determinable impacts of these NIs on GHG emissions from soil with the highest levels of salinity and sodicity, refecting that their inhibitory efects were wholly retarded at such levels
Association Between Adiposity Rebound and the Frequency of Balanced Meals Among Japanese Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: The Healthy Japan 21-Phase III dietary recommendations comprise a staple food, main dish, and side dish to maintain nutritional balance and support healthy child growth. The relationship between the frequency of such balanced meals and early adiposity rebound (AR), a predictor of obesity, remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between the frequency of balanced meals (staple food, main dish, and side dish) and early AR in preschool children. Methods: In this cross-sectional secondary analysis of nationwide online survey data of 688 mothers of children aged 3–6 years, dietary habits were assessed using a validated NutriSTEP-based 22-item Japanese Nutrition Screening Questionnaire. AR constituted a body mass index (BMI) increase from the 18- to 36-month health checkups recorded in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook. Risk scores reflecting lower frequency of balanced meals were calculated for staple foods, main dishes, and side dishes. Logistic regression evaluated associations between dietary risk scores and AR, adjusting for the child’s sex, age, gestational age, birth weight, daycare attendance, and parental obesity. Results: Among 688 children, 193 (28.1%) exhibited early AR and had significantly higher BMI at age 3 and the most recent measurement (both p < 0.01). A higher total dietary risk score was independently associated with AR (adjusted odds ratio; 2.58 [95% CI: 1.08–6.16]). In addition, the absolute risk difference between high- and low-risk groups was 8.5% (95% CI: 1.7–15.2%). Conclusions: A lower frequency of balanced meals is associated with early AR. These findings suggest that a simple, meal-balance screening tool could potentially aid in the early identification of the risk of later obesity and timely nutritional guidance