Tokyo University of Agriculture Repository / 東京農業大学リポジトリ
Not a member yet
1196 research outputs found
Sort by
Precise LULC classification of rural area combining elevational and reflectance characteristics using UAV
Get PDF"With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the recent decade, very high-
resolution aerial imagery has been used for precise land use/land cover classification (LULC).
However, special structures in rural areas of developing countries such as traditional thatched
houses have posed challenges for precise LULC classification due to their undistinctive appearance
and confusable characteristics in both reflectance and structure. LULC mapping is essential
particularly in rural areas which have high data scarcity and vulnerability to natural disasters.
With high-resolution observation has been achieved by UAVs, it is important to propose high-
precision LULC classification methods which can fully use the advantages of UAVs. To emphasize
the differences among the common LULC types in rural areas, this study proposed an original
index, the rural residence classification index (RCI). RCI was calculated as the product of the
above ground height and the square of the difference between the NDVI value and one. Then, a
comprehensive classification method was established by combining the RCI, the traditional
threshold method and a machine learning method. As a result of the comparison with the
traditional threshold method, object-based image analysis, and random forest methods, the
method by this study achieved the highest overall accuracy (overall accuracy =0.903, kappa =
0.875) and classification accuracy for detecting thatched houses (user’s accuracy =0.802, producer’s
accuracy =0.920). These findings showed the possibility on identifying the confusable
structures in rural areas using remote sensing data, which was found difficult by the previous
studies so far. The method by this study can promote the further utility of UAVs in LULC classification
in rural areas in developing countries, thereby providing precise and reliable material
for hydrological, hydraulic or ecosystem modelling, which eventually contributes to more accurate
natural hazard risk assessment, rural development, and natural resource management.
味噌および醤油添加調味液の浸漬前処理が加熱調理肉の軟化に与える影響
Get PDFThe effect of seasoning on meat tenderization was evaluated by comparing unsoaked meat, meat soaked in soy-sauce-based seasoning (SBS), and meat soaked in miso-based seasoning (MBS) upon roasting. Results show that the compressive stress of MBS-treated meat was lower than that of SBS-treated meat. Water retention, determined from the weight change after roasting, was significantly higher for MBS-treated meat. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed gaps between the muscle fascicles of MBS-treated meat, with swelling of the fascicles. Sensory evaluation indicated that roasted meat pre-treated with MBS was tenderer than SBS-treated meat. Miso addition increased the total sugar content of the meat, improving water retention; this lowered the compressive stress and compressibility, and changed the structure of the muscle fascicles and tissues, thus maintaining the tenderness of the meat.調味料による食肉の軟化効果に着目し，無浸漬肉，醤油ベース浸漬（SBS）液，味噌ベース浸漬（MBS）液に浸漬した後に焼成した肉の軟らかさについて検討を行った。その結果、味噌ベース浸漬では肉の保水性が向上して，圧縮応力や圧縮率が低下するだけでなく，筋線維束の組織が構造変化することで肉の軟らかさが保持されていると示唆された
Examination of the effect of different bottom treatment conditions on rooting on wood scion in the water of Morus australis
Get PDF要旨：挿し木は鹿沼土などに挿しつける方法が主流であるが,土でなく水に挿す水挿しの方法もある。水挿しでは水に挿しつけて発根が見られる植物で行われるが，酸素の供給が充分でないため，発根が遅れたり，根が軟弱になりやすいとされている。また，実際に育てる上では，挿し穂の安定を図る必要がある。そこで本研究は，先行研究で発根が見られたヤマグワを用いて,鹿沼土に挿したものと3種類の水挿しを行ったものを準備し,育成を行った。生存率，成長量ともに鹿沼土に挿しつけたものが良好であった。水挿しにて挿し穂のまわりに空間を作ることで生存率が改善された。成長量は土に挿しつけたものが圧倒的に高かったため，水中の空気の循環などをする必要があると考えられる。
キーワード：水挿し，ヤマグワ，発根，生存率，挿し床Abstract: Main of cutting is that insert into the soil, but there is a method wood scion in the water that insert into the water. Wood scion in the water seems to be used for plants that root when they in the water, but due to insufficient oxygen supply, it is reported that delay root development and cause soft roots. When we grow wood scion in the water, we have to stabilize the cuttings. In this study, we use Morus australis, which had shown rooting by wood scion in the water in a previous study, was used to prepare and grow two types of plants, one inserted in Kanuma soil and the other in three different types of wood scion in the water. Survival rate and growth rates were higher for those inserted into the Kanuma soil than into water. Survival rates were improved by creating space around the cuttings bases in wood scions in the water. Since the amount of growth is by far the highest for those inserted in soil, it is considered necessary to circulate air, etc. in the case of wood scion in the water.
Keywords: wood scion in the water, Morus australis, rootage, survival rate, cutting medi
The Effects of Listening to Music in a Green Space on Eye movement and the Restorative Effect : Using Video and Focusing on Music Preference
Get PDF本研究は，イヤホン・ヘッドホン（以下，オーディオ機器）によって流行曲を聴きながら植物を含む景観（以下，緑空間）の映像を見ることによる眼球運動と回復感への影響を，流行曲の嗜好に注目して明らかにすることを目的として行なった。研究参加者に，緑空間の映像を映像と同時に記録された音とともに視聴する処理区（以下，対照区）と，流行曲とともに視聴する処理区（以下，流行曲区）の2処理区を提示した。対照区と流行曲区について，視聴中の眼球運動の測定と日本語版回復感指標による回復感の評価を行なった。得られたデータは高嗜好群と低嗜好群に分けて分析した。眼球運動測定の結果，流行曲区において，低嗜好群は高嗜好群よりも映像を注視していないことが認められた。回復感の評価の結果，高・低嗜好群ともに緑空間を見る際に流行曲区を聴くことで心理的な安らぎが得られなくなることが示唆された。また，低嗜好な流行曲区により，心理的な集中力に影響を与えることが推察された。以上の結果より，生理的な休息を目的として緑空間を利用する際に，イベントや園内放送等で低嗜好な音楽が聴こえると，期待する効果が得られない可能性があると推察された。一方，心理的な安らぎを目的として緑空間を利用する場合，嗜好に関わらず流行曲を聴くことにより，期待する安らぎや回復感を得られない可能性があることが示唆された。これらの知見は都市緑地などの緑空間を音に配慮して設計する際の基礎的情報となるものである。The purpose of this study was to clarify eye movement and the restorative effect of listening to popular music using audio equipment (earphones, headphones) alone in a scene that includes plants, referred to as green space hereafter, to focus on the preference of popular music. The participants in the experiment were subjected to two experimental treatments. In the first treatment, the participants viewed a green space video with matching sound that was recorded with the video (Control treatment) and in the second treatment, the participants viewed the green space video while listening to popular music, (Popular-music treatment). Eye movement of participants was measured during Control treatment and Popular-music treatment. Furthermore, the restorative effect after both experimental treatments was assessed by the Restorative Outcome Scale Japanese Edition. The obtained data was analyzed separately for high-preference group and low-preference group. As a result of eye movement measurement, it was confirmed that the individuals in the low-preference group watched the video less intensely than those in the high-preference group subjected to Popular-music treatment. The assessment of restorative effect indicated that the psychological relaxation effect was lost in both the high- and low-preference groups when Popular-music treatment accompanied the video. In addition, it was concluded that the low-preference and Popular-music can affect one’s concentration. The effects of listening to popular music in the green space was comprehensively discussed. In this study, the state of using audio equipment in the green space was considered equivalent to the state of listening to high-preference incongruent sound in the green space. In contrast, listening to low-preference incongruent sound in the green space was considered as the state of hearing low-preference popular music in the green space such as from an event or broadcasting in the park. When one intends to use the green space for the purpose of obtaining physiological rest, it is speculated that the expected physiological rest may not be obtained by listening to low-preference music coming from events or broadcasting in the park. On the other hand, when one uses the green space for the purpose of psychological relaxation, it is inferred that the expected relaxation and restorative effect cannot be obtained by listening to popular music. These findings provide basic information on designing a green space such as urban green space considering the effect of sound.E1P論文Articl
Relationship between the gravel species on the riverbed of the Arakawa River and the geology of the Chichibu region ─A proposal of teaching materials for stone education─
Get PDF本研究は，関東地方有数の石材産地である秩父地方において，荒川上流の河原の礫種がどのように秩父地方の地質を反映しているかを把握することで，造園石材や建築石材の教材を提案することを目的とした。公共交通機関からアクセスでき，河原に降りて調査を実行可能な場所，かつ荒川の流路が湾曲し，礫が多く堆積している場所から6地点を選定した。それぞれ5mのひもを3回のばし，ひもに触れた長径5～20cmの礫を対象とした。「地質図Navi」から秩父地方の岩石の分布域を抽出し，石材に多用される岩石の種類をもとに3回調査した結果，6地点はいずれも砂岩類（緑色岩類を含む）・泥岩類が上位を占めており，花崗岩類・チャート・石灰岩・蛇紋岩・緑泥石片岩およびその他の結晶片岩類が認められた。6地点の礫種の変化は，支流上流の地質にも大きく影響されていると考えられる。また，人工護岸の有無や，礫の大きさや形状を左右する岩石自体の性質も，礫種の変化に影響を与えていると推察される。以上の6地点は石材教育の教材として，造園石材や建築石材に対する理解の向上，地域の石材と地質の関係性に対する理解の向上，調査スケジュールの高い自由度が期待できる。The Chichibu region is one of the important stone-producing areas in the Kanto region. We aimed to propose teaching materials for the education of gardening stone and building stone, by understanding how the gravel species on the riverbed of the Arakawa River reflect the geology of the Chichibu region. We selected 6 sites on curved riverbed where public transportation is available, and where the Arakawa River is curved. On each site, a string of 5 m was pulled in 3 places and the gravel with a major axis of 5 to 20 cm that touched the string were recorded. After extracting the geological information from GeoNavi (GSJ/AIST), the investigation was conducted 3 times. As a result, sandstone (including greenstone) and mudstone occupied the top-level in 6 sites. Granite, chert, limestone, serpentinite, greenschist, and other crystalline schist were confirmed. It is considered that the changes in gravel species at the 6 sites are also affected by the upstream geology of the tributaries. In addition, the artificial revetments and the hardness of the rock also possibly affect the change of gravel species. The 6 sites can be scheduled conveniently, as teaching materials for the education of gardening stones and building stones, as well as the understanding of the relationship between the material regionality and geology.E6PノートNot
Effects of Exercise and Spleen Function on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility (EOF) in Athletic Horses
Get PDF競走馬の赤血球浸透圧脆弱性（Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility, EOF）は運動強度と脾臓機能の影響 を受ける。高負荷運動はEOF を上昇させ，低負荷運動はこれを低下させる。運動時のEOF 変動の主因は， 従来の「脾臓からの脆弱な赤血球動員」という説では説明できない。われわれは，①アドレナリン投与（動 員のみ）ではEOF が上昇せず，②脾臓摘出馬においても運動によるEOF 変動（低負荷で低下，高負荷で 上昇）が健常馬と同様に起こることを示した。これらの結果は，運動時のEOF の急性変動が，脾臓からの 赤血球動員とは独立した要因，すなわち運動ストレスそのものによって引き起こされることを明確に示して いる。運動によるEOF 変動の真のメカニズムは，化学的ストレスである。高負荷運動は，血中乳酸値の上 昇に伴う代謝性アシドーシス（血液pH 低下）によりEOFを亢進させる。一方，低負荷運動は，軽度の呼吸 性アルカローシス（血液pH 上昇）や血液温度の上昇が赤血球膜を安定化させ，EOF を低下させる。一方で， 脾臓の役割はEOF の長期的なレベル調節にある。脾臓摘出馬のEOF は術後に漸減し，健常馬より有意に 低い値を示した。これは，脾臓が赤血球を繰り返し捕捉する過程で老化した赤血球の脆弱性を高め，その淘 汰（ターンオーバー）を亢進させていることを示唆する。以上の知見から，EOF は生理的ストレス（特に 酸塩基平衡）や血管内溶血の鋭敏な指標となり得ることを示している。そのためEOF は，運動，輸送，暑 熱ストレスの評価や，飼料添加物・汚染物質の影響評価のバイオマーカーとして，ウマ，ウシ，ブタ，ニワ トリなど多くの家畜で広く活用されている。The erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) of athletic horses is influenced by both exercise intensity and splenic function. High-intensity exercise increases EOF, while low-intensity exercise decreases it. However, the primary cause of exercise-induced EOF changes cannot be explained by the conventional theory of “splenic mobilization of fragile erythrocytes” theory. Our research has shown that (i) EOF does not increase with adrenaline administration alone, and (ii) splenectomized horses exhibit the same exercise-induced EOF fluctuations as intact horses (decreasing with low-intensity exercise and increasing with high-intensity exercise). These findings clearly indicate that acute EOF changes during exercise are caused by factors independent of splenic mobilization, namely exercise stress itself. The true mechanism of these exercise-induced EOF changes is chemical stress. High-intensity exercise increases EOF via metabolic acidosis (decreased blood pH) associated with rising blood lactate levels. Conversely, low-intensity exercise decreases EOF by stabilizing the erythrocyte membrane through mild respiratory alkalosis (increased blood pH) and elevated blood temperature. The spleen’s role lies in the long-term regulation of EOF levels. The EOF of splenectomized horses gradually decreased postoperatively, remaining significantly lower than that of intact horses. This suggests that the spleen increases the fragility of senescent erythrocytes through repeated sequestration, thereby promoting their elimination (turnover). These findings demonstrate that EOF can serve as a sensitive indicator of physiological stress, especially with regard to acid-base balance and intravascular hemolysis. Consequently, EOF is widely used as a biomarker in many livestock species, including horses, cattle, pigs, and chickens, to evaluate the impact of exercise, transportation, heat stress, feed additives, and environmental pollutants.綜説Revie
Sports Drink Consumption and Product Development Direction for the Elderly : Comparison of Gender and Age Groups among Residents of the Kanto Region
Get PDF本研究は，熱中症患者が多い高齢者を念頭に置きつつ，アンケート調査により，性別・年齢別の比較 を通じて，消費者におけるスポーツドリンクの購入の現状や商品評価項目の重要度，改善すべき点を明らか にし，今後における商品の展開方向について提示することを目的とした。結果，スポーツドリンクを飲む人 は全体のうち約6 割であった。性別・年代別ともに有意差はみられなかった。60・70 代の飲む頻度は，月に 数回以上では約半数みられた。飲む理由・場面については，全体では「のどが渇いたとき」，「水分補給をし たいとき」，「汗をかいたとき」が多かったが，50 代，60・70 代では他の年代と比べて「熱中症予防のため」 が2 番目の理由にきており，熱中症予防を意識してスポーツドリンクを摂取していることがわかった。購入 するスポーツドリンクについては，メジャーである「ポカリスエット」と「アクエリアス」が多いものの， 60・70 代の高齢者の特徴に着目すると，若年層と比べ，「ゼロ」といったカロリーを意識した商品の名がつ いたスポーツドリンクを購入する傾向にあることが明らかとなった。商品評価項目の重要度については，全 体的に「味」を最も重視する傾向にあった。共起ネットワーク分析の結果では，全体的に甘さやカロリーを 抑えたスポーツドリンク商品の改善を望んでいることが明らかとなった。以上より，高齢者に向けた今後の スポーツドリンクの展開方向としては，とくに味による甘さやカロリーを抑えた飲みやすい商品にすること が求められる。その際，パッケージデザインにおいてその特徴がわかりやすいネーム名にすることやそれに 伴って字を大きく表示すること，さらにはPOP などで目立つようにすることも求められる。今後，これら に配慮したスポーツドリンク商品を提供していくことが高齢者の購入促進の上で重要になるといえる。This study aimed to clarify the current state of consumer sports drink purchasing, the importance of product evaluation items, and areas for improvement through a questionnaire survey comparing gender and age, with a focus on elderly people, who are prone to heatstroke, and to suggest future directions for product development. Results indicated that approximately 60% of respondents consume sports drinks. No significant differences were observed between gender and age groups. Approximately half of those in their 60s and 70s consume sports drinks several times a month or more. Overall, the most common reasons and occasions for drinking were “when thirsty,” “when I want to replenish fluids,” and “when Iʼm sweating.” However, compared to other age groups, those in their 50s and 60s/70s cited “to prevent heatstroke” as the second most common reason, indicating that they consume sports drinks with heatstroke prevention in mind. When it comes to purchasing sports drinks, the major brands “Pocari Sweat” and “Aquarius” are the most popular, but when looking at the characteristics of elderly people in their 60s and 70s, it was found that they tend to purchase sports drinks with calorie-conscious names such as “Zero” compared to younger people. Regarding the importance of product evaluation items, overall, “taste” tended to be the most important. The results of the co-occurrence network analysis revealed that overall, there was a desire for improvements in sports drink products that reduced sweetness and calories. Based on the above, future development of sports drinks for the elderly will require products that are easy to drink, particularly those with reduced sweetness and calories due to taste. In this case, it is important to use a name that clearly identifies the productʼs characteristics and to display it in large letters. It is also important to make the product stand out in stores with POP displays. Providing sports drink products that take these factors into consideration will be crucial for encouraging elderly consumers to purchase these drinks.論文Articl
A Study of Regional Education Program with Park Design through Collaboration and Cooperation with Diverse Entities─Case Study Involving the Kinuta and Kitami Elementary Schools─
Get PDF本研究では，砧小学校と喜多見小学校における地域の公園づくりを課題とした小学校の地域学習プログラムの試行を通じて，小学校の立地する地域の大学・行政・専門アドバイザーの多様な主体が連携した地域学習教育の支援体制のあり方を考察することを目的としている。公園づくりでは地域認識，時代認識，そしてストーリー性が重要であることから，「地域認識」・「課題解決（自分で考え，みんなで合意形成）」・「成果発表」の3つのステップで授業を進めた。第1段階「地域認識」では，砧・喜多見地域の豊かな自然環境資源と往古からつながる歴史文化資源を学び，児童に地域の歴史文化，自然環境の認識・理解させるために，専門アドバイザーが指導した。第2段階「課題解決（自分で考え，みんなで合意形成）」では，公園づくりの課題をまず自分で考えたのち，他人と意見を説明し合い合意形成していく力を養うために，児童が主体的，協働的に学ぶグループワークとし，その進行とファシリテーター役を大学教員と大学生が担った。第3段階「成果発表」では，子ども達の自信と誇りにつなげるために，児童1人1人が主体的に自らの公園アイデアを発表し，地域への誇り，愛着を深めてもらうために世田谷区（街づくり課）が児童の個々のアイデアを公園アイデア集として冊子にし，児童個々に配布した。本研究のケーススタディを通じて地域学習では地域の行政・小学校・大学・専門アドバイザー等の多様な主体が関わり，その役割を明確にし，協働連携した教育体制が重要であると考えられた。This study evaluates the effectiveness of a collaborative, student-led approach to park design, during the comprehensive learning period at Kinuta and Kitami elementary schools. We used a three-step design in the program : first, identify the region’s assets and character ; second, develop individual views and group consensus around desired outcomes ; and third, to encourage ownership of the park’s design by the students. The first step of the process is the recognition of the region’s character through the production of a playground map by the students, after learning about the area’s natural resources and heritage through play-oriented tasks from the regional supervisor. The second step aimed to develop students’ analytical skills by encouraging them to think individually about the park’s design, then to build consensus through discussion and negotiation with their peers with the role of facilitator by university teachers and also with students practicing the role of facilitator for the university teacher and students. Finally, the third step aimed to inspire students’ confidence and sense of ownership of their park design, to enhance future engagement with the region’s stewardship. This regional educational program involved local administrations, elementary schools, universities and consultant specialist advisers, whose collective roles and responsibilities need to be clarified to ensure effective collaboration within the wider educational system.E3P論文Articl