Atavisme: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Sastra
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HASRAT SARTIKA SARI DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI ELEGI TITI GANTUNG: PERSPEKTIF PSIKOANALISIS LACANIAN
Full text linkThis research aims to reveal the ‘selfness’ of Sartika as the subject through her hidden desire that is repressed by the values, law, and culture in the poems collected in poetry anthology Elegi Titi Gantung (2016). The aim comes from the phenomenon that the subject (human) never really knows her desire. The desired object is always replaced by another desired object. Based on that, the issues raised were (1) how is the combination of signifier as Sartika Sari’s desire manifestation through metaphor and metonymy mechanism in the poetry anthology of Elegi Titi Gantung? (2) how is Sartika Sari’s desire that is manifested in the poetry anthology of Elegi Titi Gantung? This research used Lacanian perspective and method, i.e. analyzing the data in the form of words, phrases, stanzas, or lines in the poem to find the under-consciousness condition of Sartika who wishes the wholeness of herself through metaphor and metonymy mechanism. The result of this research was that Sartika has the desire to be an existing woman and an ideal woman. Sartika’s desire to be an existing woman showed her existence as a subject in the Symbolic order. Meanwhile, Sartika’s desire to be an ideal woman was a negotiation form toward herself who wanted freedom.Penelitian ini untuk menyelidiki hasrat subjek Sartika melalui puisi-puisinya yang terkumpul dalam antologi puisi Elegi Titi Gantung sebagai upaya mengungkapkan ke-diri-an subjek yang selalu tersembunyi karena direpresi oleh aturan, hukum, dan budaya. Tujuan tersebut muncul karena subjek (manusia) tidak pernah benar-benar mengetahui hasratnya. Hasrat tersebut selalu digantikan dengan objek hasrat yang lain. Berdasarkan permasalah tersebut, maka persoalan yang diangkat adalah (1) bagaimana rangkaian penanda sebagai manifestasi hasrat Sartika Sari melalui mekanisme metafora dan metonimia dalam kumpulan puisi Elegi Titi Gantung? (2) Bagaimana hasrat Sartika Sari yang termanifestasikan dalam kumpulan puisi Elegi Titi Gantung? Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif Lacanian, yaitu untuk menemukan kondisi bawah sadar subjek (penyair). Hasil penelitian ini adalah Sartika berhasrat untuk menjadi perempuan eksis dan menjadi perempuan idaman. Menjadi perempuan eksis akan menunjukkan keberadaan diri Sartika sebagai subjek di tatanan Simbolik. Sementara, menjadi perempuan yang diidamkan merupakan bentuk negosiasi Sartika pada dirinya yang menginginkan kebebasan
Heroic Journey of Katniss Everdeen in Suzanne Collins' Novel Catching Fire
Full text linkThis research aims to reveal the journey of Katniss Everdeen by using monomyth cycle in Suzanne Collins’ novel Catching Fire (2009). This research used the literary criticism that employs the monomyth cycle of Joseph Campbell. The monomyth theory was used to explore Katniss’ heroic journey within the novel Catching Fire. All data were classified into the following stages of monomyth cycle: departure, initiation, and return. Each stage represented the development of Katniss’s traits during her journey. From the analysis, it was discovered that Katniss began her journey by adapting herself in Victor’s Village after winning the 74th Hunger Games. She began her journey after President Snow provided her a challenge to convince him to reduce the uprising acts in each District. She refused to return home since she must rescue Peeta. Therefore, this paper concludes that this novel can be a continuity step of Katniss’ Journey for transforming herself to be a heroine at the end of her Journey
PERSPEKTIF PEREMPUAN (BARAT) TENTANG PERKAWINAN CAMPURAN, POLIGAMI, DAN ISLAM, DALAM NOVEL DEUXIÈME FEMME KARYA CAROLINE POCHON
No full textThe purpose of this study is to examine the perspective of the narrator, French female character, about the phenomenon of mixed marriage, polygamy, and Islam, which is contained in the Deuxième Femme novel 'Second Woman' by Caroline Pochon. To examine these matters, this study uses descriptive analysis methods with criticisms of feminist literature and theories of narratology, cross-culture, and identity. A structural approach is used to analyze the narrative structure that builds the narrator's frame of mind. The results of the study show that as a narrator who truly lives a mixed marriage, experiences polygamy, and has embraced Islam, Caroline Pochon realizes that mixed marriages are not easy to live by because she must try to maintain her identity as a French woman. He also found that polygamy was a cultural practice that had long existed in Senegal so that it was difficult to change, especially because local women themselves did not intend to fight it and men practiced it as a form of obedience to religion (IslamThe purpose of this study is to examine the perspective of the narrator, French female character, about the phenomenon of mixed marriage, polygamy, and Islam, which is contained in the Deuxième Femme novel 'Second Woman' by Caroline Pochon. To examine these matters, this study uses descriptive analysis methods with criticisms of feminist literature and theories of narotology, cross-culture, and identity. A structural approach is used to analyze the narrative structure that builds the narrator's frame of mind. The results of the study show that (1) mixed marriages conducted by prominent French female figure with male Senegalese figure are not going well because of the imbalance of roles between the two. (2) As part of local culture, polygamy is carried out openly by man with permission from the first wife, but there are elements of compulsion, financial exploitation, and manipulation through patriarchal construction. (3) According to the narrator, men (Senegal) use Islamic teachings as an excuse to commit polygamy and other matters for their interests, and (4) identity retention is important for French female character to maintain her mental stability
HUMANISME KARYA-KARYA SASTRA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: SEBUAH PERGULATAN DISKURSIF
Full text linkUntil now Pramoedya Ananta Toer is still recognized as a great Indonesian writer. For this reason, many people doubt that Hanung Bramantyo as popular movie director can perfectly and deeply adapt Pramoedya’s literary works into movies. Some scholars agree that one of the fundamental values in Pramoedya’s works is humanism. However, since Pramoedya visited China and was involved in Lekra, their opinions were split into two categories of humanism: universal humanism on the one hand and the socialist humanism on the other. This research attempted to scrutinize whether Pramoedya is on one of the humanism categories or beyond both categories. Theoretical framework of this research is Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory combined with Bhabha’s concept Location of Culture, while the method is the appropriate discourse analysis method. This research found that Pramoedya’s humanism is beyond universal and socialist humanism. In his articulations of humanism as uncovered from his literary works, there are different positions taken by Pramoedya according to different discursive arenas in wich the humanism articulated. In other words, Pramoedya’s postcolonial humanism is located in the liminal area that is always in contestation and negotiation.Hingga saat ini Pramoedya Ananta Toer masih dikenal sebagai penulis besar Indonesia. Karena itulah, banyak orang meragukan Hanung Bramantyo sebagai sutradara film populer akan mampu mengadaptasi karya Pramoedya menjadi film secara sempurna dan mendalam. Beberapa peneliti sepakat bahwa salah satu nilai utama dalam karya-karya Pramoedya adalah humanisme. Namun, sejak Pramoedya mengunjungi RRC dan berhubungan dengan Lekra, pendapat mereka terbelah menjadi dua kategori, yaitu humanisme universal dan humanisme sosialis. Penelitian ini mencoba menelaah kembali apakah Pramoedya berada pada salah satu sisi humanisme atau di luar kedua kemungkinan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan teori wacana dari Laclau dan Mouffe yang digabungkan dengan konsep Bhaba, Location of Culture. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa humanisme Pramoedya melampaui humanisme universal dan sosialis. Dalam karya-karya sastranya terdapat posisi humanism yang berbeda berdasarkan arena diskursif tempat humanisme itu diartikulasikan. Dengan kata lain, humanisme pascakolonial Pramoedya berada dalam area liminal sehingga terus-menerus dalam kontestasi dan negosiasi. Kata kunci: Pramoedya Ananta Toer, humanisme, nasionalisme, wacana, location of culture. Until now Pramoedya Ananta Toer is still being recognized as a great Indonesian writer. For this reason many people doubt that Hanung Bramantyo as popular film director can adapt perfectly and deeply Pramoedya literary works into film. Some scholars supposedly said that one of the fundamental values contain in Pramoedya work is humanism. But since Pramoedya visited China and involved in Lekra their opininons was splited into two different humanism of the writer. Those humanism are universal humanism on the one side and the socialist humanism in the other. This research try to scrutinize whether Pramoedya is on one of the sides or beyond both sides. By using Laclau and Mouffe theory of discourse wich is combined with Bhaba’s concept, Location of Culture, this research find that Pramoedya humanism is beyond universal and socialist humanism. In his articulations of humanism as uncovered from his literary works there are different position taken by Pramoedya according to different discursive arena in wich the humanism articulated. In other word Pramoedya’s postcolonial humanism is located in the liminal area that is always in contested and negotiated.Key words: Pramoedya Ananta Toer, humanism, nationalism, discourse, location of culture
MASKULINITAS LAKI-LAKI KOREA AMERIKA SEBAGAI LIYAN DALAM NATIVE SPEAKER KARYA CHANG-RAE LEE
Full text linkThis article aims to reveal how the Korean-American male protagonist, describe as ‘Liyan’, is consumed by his white wife in Native Speaker by Chang-rae Lee’s (1996). This article argues that sexual acts committed against Henry Park by his white wife is manifested as a form of consumption towards ‘Liyan’. The theories use in this research are post-colonialism theory that is argued by Edward Said (2006) and consumption theory that is proposed by Bell Hooks (1992). This article uses descriptive analytical method. The data from the novel are described to obtain an overview of the construction of Korean-American masculinity. Later on the analysis it is found that in Native Speaker the stereotype construction towards Korean American man is not only puts Korean American man as inferior towards white masculinity, but also in the marriage relationship between Korean American man and white womenPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana tokoh laki-laki yang digambarkan Liyan dikonsumsi oleh istrinya yang merupakan perempuan kulit putih dalam novel Native Speaker karya Chang-rae Lee (1996). Tokoh Henry Park merepresentasi stereotipe yang dilekatkan pada laki-laki Korea Amerika. Artikel ini berargumentasi bahwa tindak seksual yang dilakukan terhadap Henry Park oleh tokoh kulit putih merupakan bentuk konsumsi terhadap Liyan. Dalam kajian poskolonial, Barat dikonstruksi sebagai Diri dan Timur sebagai Liyan. Laki-laki Asia Amerika dikonstruksi sebagai Liyan, feminine/effeminate, pasif, inferior secara seksual. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa novel ini telah menunjukkan wacana ideologi putih melalui pernikahan antar ras dan menegaskan Liyan sebagai Liyan. Kata-Kata Kunci: Chang-rae Lee, Korea Amerika, maskulinitas, konsumsi, Liya
PEREMPUAN DAN KEMATIAN: DEKONSTRUKSI DALAM CERPEN APPOINTMENT IN SAMARRA KARYA W. S. MAUGHAM
No full textWilliam Somerset Maugham's short story “The Appointment in Samarra” (1933) narrates a theme of how someone cannot avoid death, but the death is represented through a female figure. The research aims to expose a critic toward the representation of death through female character which is a cultivation of patriarchal ideas through literary works. This research used deconstruction framework as a reference to expose the paradox between woman and death. This was a qualitative research with an intertextuality approach. The data were in the form of quotations in the text and the source of the data was William Somerset Maugham’s short story “The Appointment in Samarra”. The data were collected through documentation technique and analysed with interpretation method. The results showed that the representation of death through woman was a patriarchal discourse and, with deconstructive reading, the narrative presented a paradoxical side; on one side, it presented that woman had horrible character, but on the other side, the horrible character implied power. Dismantling of the patriarchal discourse made the decon-structive process in this text became study of feminist deconstruction.Perempuan, sebagai masalah tak harus muncul dalam bentuk objektifikasi yang ketat, namun yang paling menentukan adalah wacana serta teks yang ada di dalamnya. Dengan melihat hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali secara diskursif wacana tersebut dalam cerpen Appointment in Samara karya William Somerset Maugham di mana paradoksikal perempuan menjadi sebuah galian terselubung, mengingat perempuan memiliki aksiomatik kegandaan pada narasinya yang dikaitkan dengan kematian. Tentu saja, mitos menjadi instrumen yang mampu membelenggu, menjadi sebuah teks, dan perempuan bergulat didalamnya. Dekonstruksi membuka semua kemungkinan untuk melepaskan struktur hirarkis dalam pembacaan makna terhadap perempuan. Melihat hal tersebut, melalui pembacaan dekonstruktif, teks perempuan menjadi problematik dalam artian pluralitas tanpa batas. Kata-Kata Kunci: Perempuan, Mitos, Teks, dan Dekonstruksi
EKSISTENSI KEARIFAN LOKAL MADURA DI ERA MODERN DALAM KUMCER CELURIT HUJAN PANAS KARYA ZAINUL MUTTAQIN
No full textLocal wisdom is a source of knowledge and worldview of the people. However, modernity and its various developments, which are often perceived as a new value system that is superior to local values, pose a threat to its existence. This research aims to describe the local wisdom of Madurese and its existence in the modern era. This study used descriptive-qualitative method. The data source of this study was Zainul Muttaqin’s short story anthology Celurit Hujan Panas (2019). The data were collected by reading-taking note technique. The data analysis techniques included presenting data, reducing data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that Madurese local wisdom was more dominated by a number of sacred values with an emphasis on aspects of Madurese spirituality. Various local wisdoms must wrestled with themselves and external influences to stay afloat. In this modern era, Madura's local wisdom is on the verge of shifting, i.e. maintaining a number of noble values that have been passed on for generations or participating in the stream of modernization that prioritizes development and rationalityKearifan lokal menjadi sumber pengetahuan dan pandangan dunia masyarakat pemiliknya. Akan tetapi, modernitas dan berbagai perkembangannya yang sering dipersepsi sebagai sebuah tata nilai baru yang lebih unggul dibanding nilai lokal memberikan ancaman terhadap eksistensinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kearifan lokal Madura dan eksistensinya di era modern. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah kumpulan cerpen Celurit Hujan Panas karya Zainul Muttaqin. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik simak-catat. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan penyajian data, reduksi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearifan lokal Madura lebih didominasi oleh sejumlah tata nilai yang bersifat sakral dengan mengedepankan pada aspek-aspek spiritualitas orang Madura. Berbagai kearifan lokal tersebut harus bergulat dengan dirinya sendiri dan pengaruh dari luar untuk tetap dapat bertahan. Di era modern ini, kearifan lokal Madura berada dalam ambang pergeseran, yaitu pemertahanan terhadap sejumlah tata nilai luhur yang telah diwariskan selama bergenerasi atau ikut dalam arus modernisasi yang mengedepankan pembangunan dan rasionalitas.
MENIM(B)ANG DISENSUS: POLITIK DAN ESTETIKA SENO GUMIRA AJI DARMA DALAM CERPEN SAKSI MATA
Full text linkThis study aims to discuss Seno Gumira Ajidarma's political and aesthetic disensus efforts towards the representative regime of the Utan Kayu Community and the Soeharto ethical regime through the short story "Saksi Mata". Seno's census efforts were displayed through the short story "Saksi Mata" seen from class migration and author's ideology, socio-political conditions, and narrative aesthetics at the time so as to destabilize the police hierarchy and establishment of the regime. Departing from this, how "Saksi Mata" offers an aesthetic form through the census of political and aesthetic structures, with the migration of its authors to shake the power of both regimes. This research uses the census theory of Jacques Rancière. Data collection is done by referring and dialectically. The results showed that, first, "Saksi Mata" responded to the New Order's authoritarian political structure that mobilized censorship, confining the freedom of opinion and work. Second, Seno's aesthetic movement also undermines the conventions of ethical regimes and representative regimes. From there the census of the Seno movement with "Saksi Mata" which offered aesthetics that were not trapped in communal imagination.Abstrak: Tulisan ini menelusuri upaya Seno Gumira Ajidarma dalam cerpen Saksi Mata untuk terlepas dari rezim representatif Komunitas Utan Kayu dan rezim etis Soeharto. Pisau analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gagasan Jacques Rancière tentang disensus yang secara khusus pada migrasi yang mengasumsikan bahwa pengarang yang sadar kesetaraannya di dalam lingkup hierarki police bergerak dari satu kelas ke kelas lain, dari ideologi ke ideologi lain, dan dari tekstual ke tekstual lainnya. Rancière melihat karya sastra juga bersikap politis tepat di dalam interpretasi ruang publik yang begitu beragam yang akhirnya mengubah perspektif publik. Berangkat dari hal ini, bagaimana Saksi Mata menawarkan bentuk estetika melalui disensus terhadap struktur politik maupun estetik, dengan migrasinya guna mengguncang kekuasaan kedua rezim? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, Saksi Mata merespon struktur politik otoriter Orde Baru yang memobilisasi sensor, mengungkung kebebasan berpendapat dan berkarya melalui jalan migrasi Seno dari ideologi Jakarta Jakarta yang pro-orba ke ideologi oposisional Harian Pembaruan dan juga migrasi Seno dari jurnalis, pengangangguran lalu ke sastrawan. Kedua, pergerakan estetika Seno juga merongrong konvensi estetis dari rezim representatif Komunitas Utan Kayu dan Bengkel Teater Rendra dan sekaligus rezim etis orba, perpanjangan tangan Manikebu yang melihat sastra untuk sastra. Dari sana disensus pergerakan Seno untuk menampilkan pula suara part-of-no-part kembali ke dalam politik sehingga perbincangan soal itu dapat diambil alih oleh publik sendiri. Dari sanalah Saksi Mata menawarkan estetika yang tidak terjebak pada imajinasi komunal.Kata kunci: Disensus, Migrasi, Politik, Estetik, Sen