e-Journal Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI)
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Public Elementary School Bumi Agung Lampung Students' Perceptions About Maloclusions and The Need for Orthodontic Treatment
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Introduction: Based on Indonesia Basic Health Research in 2018, it is known that 47% of Lampung people experience tooth decay and only 51% of them regularly go to the dentist. The need for orthodontic treatment is quite high among students. Epidemiological studies in Japan show that around 40% of teenagers aged 15-18 years need orthodontic treatment, 27%-36% in England aged 10-15 years, while in South Jakarta (2004) is 48.5%. Brook and Shaw introduced the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), to assess the need for orthodontic treatment in England. IOTN has been applied by Agusni, T to measure the treatment needs of urban and rural children in Surabaya. Objective: Aims to determine the perceptions of elementary school students in Lampung regarding Malocclusion and the need for Orthodontic treatment. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2023, carried out on students at public Elementary School Bumi Agung who met the inclusion criteria, namely aged 9-13 years, had never and were not currently undergoing orthodontic treatment, and were willing to take part in the research. 130 people were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic data and general knowledge about Dental and Oral Health and Malocclusion. Assessment of the need for orthodontic treatment was carried out using the AC IOTN by the subject and operator. Results: 90% of students answered the questionnaire correctly, and 42% of students needed orthodontic treatment. A Pearson Chi-Square analysis test was carried out and found that there was a statistical difference in the perception of the need for orthodontic treatment by students and operators (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Students at SDN Bumi Agung, Kalianda, Lampung, have very good general knowledge about Dental and Oral Health and Malocclusion. However, this is unsubstantiated by the perception of the need for orthodontic treatment
Self-Perception, Psychosocial, Functional, Interest, and Knowledge Aspects Regarding Adults Orthodontic Treatment in Greater Jakarta
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Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is the process of adjusting the position of the teeth and jaw to achieve optimal occlusion. Orthodontic treatment is generally performed on children and adolescents, but nowadays more adults are considering orthodontic treatment for aesthetic and dental health reasons. Factors that may influence the uptake of orthodontic treatment are cost, treatment time, gender, age, socioeconomic, knowledge, interest and psychological aspect. Objectives: This study aims to describe self-perception, psychosocial, functional, interest, and knowledge aspects regarding adults’ orthodontic treatment in greater Jakarta areas. Methods: This cross-sectional study was held from October to December 2023. Sample comprised 196 adults who met the following eligibility criteria: (a) aged 35-50 years; (b) living in greater Jakarta; (c) no history of orthodontic treatment; and (d) had income higher than minimum regional wage. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. Demographic data and information were collected by means of a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire is consisted of 31 items concerning self-perception, psychosocial, functional, interest, and knowledge aspects regarding orthodontic treatment. Results: Majority of respondents felt dissatisfied with the arrangement of their teeth (60.2%), felt that they needed orthodontic treatment (71.4%), felt that poor arrangement of teeth was related to decreased social attractiveness (89.3%), and did not had complaints when speaking (80.1%) or jaw joints (51.0%). The level of knowledge about orthodontic treatment was classified as poor (64.3%), and the majority of respondents were interested in undergoing orthodontic treatment (85.7%). Conclusion: Majority of adults aged 35-50 years in greater Jakarta areas are interested to undergo orthodontic treatment as well as having high self-awareness of the purpose of orthodontic treatment. The level of knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment among adults aged 35-50 years in greater Jakarta areas is poor
Removal of Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia on Aesthetic area of Lower Teeth
Get PDFFocal fibrous hyperplasia is a localized tumor of gingiva, most commonly found on the gingiva. This lesions range in size, from a few millimeters to a centimeter or greater. The Lesions may be sessile or pedunculated, in consistency, and may vary in color from pink to red, depending on the degree of vascularization. It is generally considered a reactive lesion, often associated with chronic irritation or trauma to the gingiva. The aim for this treatment was to obtained the aesthetically approved correction of focal fibrous hyperplasia by excision procedure. A 19 -year-old boy come to University of Gadjah Mada dental hospital with chief complaint enlargement of gingiva on lower anterior tooth, affecting his confidence especially when smiling. This lession have been there for 3 years, since high school. The lession size was 13mm x 5mm x 8mm, with a solid consistency well-defined, same colour as the surrounding oral mucosa, and no evidence of pain. Radiograph showed there was no bone involvement. The treatment of this lesion is excision procedure with gingivoplasty under local anesthesia, followed by biopsy. In conclusion, focal fibrous hyperplasia condition can be corrected by excision procedure with local anesthesia, and also by removing the contributing factors to prevent recurrence. Clinical examination and biopsy are needed to confirm diagnosis
Description of the shape and position of the condyles in Kennedy classification class I, II, III, and IV patients through panoramic radiography: (At RSUD Ulin and RSGM Gusti Hasan Aman Banjarmasin from January 2018 - January 2024)
No full textObjectives: Tooth loss occurs when the tooth detaches from the socket. Cases of partial tooth loss can cause differences in the shape and position of the condyles. This study aimed to know the description of the frequency distribution of normal and abnormal condyle shapes and positions in Kennedy classification case patients class I, II, III, IV.
Materials and Methods: This research used a cross-sectional descriptive approach. The sample used secondary data from 120 digital panoramic radiographic photos of patients aged 30-70 from January 2018 to January 2024 at Ulin Hospital and Gusti Hasan Aman Hospital Banjarmasin.
Results: Based on the research results at RSUD Ulin and RSGM Gusti Hasan Aman Banjarmasin, the round shape was the most common condyle shape found in patients with Kennedy classification, with most condyle positions pointing to the anterior. The change in the shape and position of the condyle becomes pathological due to the long-term loss of part of the tooth.
Conclusion: The frequency distribution of the shape and position of the condyle of patients with Kennedy classification class I, II, III, IV was the round shape as the most common condyle shape experienced by patients which is one of the normal condyles shapes, and an abnormal position of TMJ condition pointing anteriorly
An Early and An Advanced Oral Mucormycosis Lesions: Case Series
No full textIntroduction: Mucormycosis is a deep fungal infection caused by Mucorales. It is commonly found in immunocompromised patients and is considered the third most common fungal infection after candidiasis and aspergillosis.
Case report: This paper reports 2 cases of mucormycosis which involving oral cavity, lung, maxillary sinus, orbita and cerebral. The first case had hematology disorder with long-term corticosteroid therapy. The brownish oral pseudomembrane unresponsive to nystatin and mycafungin therapy. Second case had type 2 diabetes mellitus with perforated hard palate, rhinosinusitis, orbita infection and cerebral abscess. Direct mycology from oral specimens showed coenocytic hypha consistent with the Mucorales in both cases. Both cases showed responsiveness to amphotericin B therapy.
Discussion: Mucormycosis can be invasive to adjacent sites or angioinvasive to distant site, thus interdisciplinary team approach must be taken. In mucormycosis, early diagnosis and prompt treatment become important to prevent further spreading of infection and tissue destruction. Diagnostic procedure using oral specimen is an option.
Conclusion: Management of mucormycosis cases requires interdisciplinary teamwork. Early recognition of oral lesion of mucormycosis and diagnosis of mucormycosis is very important to prevent further damage and even death. Identification of Mucorales from oral lesion is beneficial since it is more accessible and non-invasive.  
Comparative Evaluation of Scalpel, Electrosurgery, and Laser in Periodontal Surgery: A Systematic Case Review
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In periodontal surgery, utilizing a conservative approach yields more aesthetically pleasing outcomes while reducing patient morbidity and tissue damage. The development of tools such as electrosurgery and lasers for periodontal treatment has facilitated the implementation of these conservative procedures. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy, outcomes, and postoperative complications of scalpel, electrosurgery, and laser techniques in the periodontal surgery. This article was created by making a research question using the PICO method and searching for articles from PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar from 2019-2023. This study used the PRISMA standard guidelines. Almost all studies in this systematic case review compared the three therapies in treating gingival hyperpigmentation. Only one study discussed the treatment of gingival enlargement using the gingivectomy method. Laser use in periodontal surgery is best compared to electrosurgery or scalpel in effectiveness, quality, outcome, postoperative complications, and wound healing. Dry and bloodless surgical wounds, instant sterilization of the surgical area, reduced bacteremia, mechanical trauma, minimal postoperative swelling and scarring, and minimal postoperative pain point to the effectiveness of using lasers compared to surgery with electrosurgery or scalpel techniques. Laser therapy in periodontal surgery is superior to scalpel and electrosurgery, offering faster treatment, fewer postoperative complications, enhanced wound healing, and higher patient satisfaction. These findings support the adoption of laser techniques for optimal clinical and patient outcomes
The effect of changing vertical irradiation angle of periapical radiography bisecting technique on the length dimension of mandibular teeth
No full textObjectives: This research is aimed to determine the effect of changing the vertical irradiation angle with a change in angle of +10°, +5°, -5°, -10° in bisecting technique periapical radiography on the length dimension of mandibular teeth.
Materials and Methods: This study used a laboratory experimental method with a post test only control group design. The samples used in this study were teeth I1, I2, C, P1, P2, M1, and M2 region 4. All teeth were treated by changing the angle from the standard angle recommended by White and Pharoah with changes of +10°, +5°, -5°, and -10° in each tooth using a Morita Veraview iX 70 Kv, 7mA dental X-ray unit.
Results: The results showed that the angle change of -10°, -5° causes foreshortening and +10°, +5° causes elongation. Based on the results of the Saphiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis test, it is known that there are significant differences in the dimensions of tooth length at +10°, +5°, -5°, -10° against changes in the angle 0° or angulation form White and Pharoah (p < 0.05) .
Conclusion: There is a significant effect on the change of vertical irradiation angle with angle changes of +10°, +5°, -5°, -10° in bisecting technique periapical radiography on the length dimension of mandibular teeth
Common Oral Manifestations in a Denture Wearer Patients with Suspected Diabetes Mellitus
No full textBackground. Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis or often called oral thrush is a disease in the oral cavity caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans. Angular cheilitis is an inflammatory lesion on the corners of the mouth. The purpose of this case report is to document the oral manifestations in patients with suspected diabetes mellitus. Case Report. A 57-year-old woman came with complaints of a burning sensation throughout the mouth and lips and presented a white spot on her tongue with soreness in the past year. The patient has diabetes mellitus and regularly takes medication. Despite this, the patient still has experienced classical signs of diabetes mellitus which are polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Intraorally the burning sensations were related to the full denture continuous wearness and were diagnosed as acute pseudomembranous candidiasis and angular cheilitis. The treatment given to this patient was symptomatic therapy in the form of Aloclair Plus mouthwash, causative therapy in the form of Nystatin oral suspension and referral to an internist to further examine the condition of diabetes mellitus, and supportive therapy in the form of lanolin and vaseline. Treatment ends with the provision of communication, instruction, and education
Effect of Red Betel Leaf Infusion (Piper crocatum) on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Nanohybrid Composite Resins
Get PDFIntroduction – Pendahuluan:
Nanohybrid resin composite as a dental restoration material has physical properties (water absorption and color stability) and mechanical properties (hardness). Red betel infusion as a mouthwash, contains tannins and color pigment that will lead to discoloration when accumulated within the resin matrix. Water absorption is one of the supporting factors for color change. The weak acids in red betel lead result breakdown of resin matrix bonds and a decrease in hardness
Objective – Tujuan:
To analyze the effect on hardness and color change of nanohybrid resin composite after immersion in red betel infusion
Methods – Metode:
Samples of nanohybrid composite resin were shaped cylindrical with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 2 mm. The samples were formed using a stainless steel mold. The treatment group was immersed in red betel infusion for 30 minutes with rinsing intervals, followed by immersion in artificial saliva for 23 hours and 30 minutes for 12 and 15 days. Samples in control group were immersed in artificial saliva for 24 hours. The water absorption was measured using analytical balance, the color change was measured using the VITA Easyshade V, and hardness using a Vickers Microhardness Tester.
Results – Hasil:
One Way ANOVA results for the water absorption (p= 0.268), ΔE (overall color change) (p= 0.000), ΔL (p= 0.444), ΔC (p= 0.001), ΔH (p= 0.012), and hardness (p= 0.000). Post Hoc Tukey results, significant differences in ΔE (overall color change), ΔC, and hardness between days 12 and 15 compared to the control, and ΔH on day 15 compared to the control
Conclusion – Kesimpulan:
The hardness of the nanohybrid resin composite decreases, and overall color change occurs after immersion in red betel leaf for 12 and 15 day
Differences in mental index value in patients with type II diabetes mellitus using panoramic radiography: Review based on the length of suffering at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin
No full textObjectives: This research is aimed to determine the mandibular cortical thickness by the Mental Index value using panoramic radiography in patients with type 2 DM based on length of suffering ≤ 5 years and > 5 years.
Materials and Methods: This research is using unpaired comparative analytical design with a cross-sectional stratified random sampling method and unpaired T-test statistic.
Results: 34 samples of patients with type 2 DM showed that the mean mental index was 4.219 ± 1.223. The two groups did not have a difference in the meaning of the MI value. The MI of the group with a shorter history of suffering (≤ 5 years) was 4.227 ± 1.063 and the group with a longer history of suffering (>5 years) was 4.211 ± 1.399. There were 8 people who experienced thinning bone from the whole age group, the most were from the age group of 51-60 years old.
Conclusion: Mental Index (MI) value is greater or exceeds the normal value (≥ 3,1 mm) in both groups of patients with type 2 DM based on length of suffering ≤ 5 years and > 5 years.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2, Mental Index, Mandibular Cortical Bone, Panoramic Radiography, Bone Mineral Density