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Yalnızca kodlayıcı kullanan dönüştürücülerin metin sınıflandırmasındaki sınırlamalarının çizge sınır ağları ile aşılması
No full textCataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-86).Recent advancements in NLP have been primarily driven by transformer-based models, which capture contextual information within sequences, revolutionizing tasks such as text classification and natural language understanding. In parallel, GNNs have emerged as powerful tools for modeling structured data, leveraging graph representations to capture global relationships across entities. However, significant challenges persist at the intersection of these fields, limiting the efficacy and scalability of existing models. These challenges include the inability to seamlessly integrate contextual and structural information, computational inefficiencies associated with static graph construction and transductive learning, and the underperformance of models in low-labeled data scenarios. This thesis explores and addresses these challenges by developing novel methodologies that unify transformers and GNNs, leveraging their complementary strengths. The first contribution, GRTE, introduces an architecture that combines pre-trained transformer models with heterogeneous and homogeneous graph representations to enhance text classification in both inductive and transductive settings. Compared to state-of-the-art models, GRTE achieves significant computational efficiency, reducing training overhead by up to 100 times. The second contribution, Text-RGNN, proposes a relational modeling framework for heterogeneous text graphs, enabling the nuanced representation of diverse interactions between nodes and demonstrating substantial accuracy improvements of up to 10.61% over existing models, particularly in low-labeled data settings. Finally, the third contribution, VISPool, introduces a scalable architecture that dynamically constructs vector visibility graphs from transformer outputs, enabling seamless integration of graph-based reasoning into transformer pipelines while improving performance on NLP benchmarks such as GLUE, with performance improvements of up to 13% in specific tasks. Through comprehensive experimentation and benchmarking against state-of-the-art models, this thesis establishes the efficacy of these proposed methodologies. The results demonstrate the potential for improved performance, scalability, and the ability to address long-standing challenges in NLP and GNN integration. These contributions lay a robust foundation for future research and applications at the intersection of graph-based and transformer-based approaches, advancing the state of the art in text representation and classification.by Arda Can Ara
Bir haber kanalının kuruluşu: Ulusal Kanal
No full textThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 17-19).Bu makalede, Ulusal Kanal’ın 29 Ekim 2000’deki kuruluşu ve kuruluşundan sonraki on iki yılı, kuruluş döneminin medya ortamı ve siyasi şartları içinde ele alınmaktadır. 1990’lı yıllarda, neoliberal düzenin yükselişiyle beraber özel televizyon kanallarının kurulması ile değişen medya düzeni, Ulusal Kanal’ın alternatif bir medya oluşturmasına zemin oluşturmuştur. Kanalın kuruluş süreci, yayın ilkeleri, kadro yapısı, program içeriği ve ideolojisi detaylandırılarak incelenmiştir. Kanal’ın Vatan Partisi ideolojisi doğrultusunda şekillenen yayın politikaları kanalın kuruluş aşamasında ve sonraki yıllarında çeşitli görevler alan Dr. Serhan Bolluk, Doğu Perinçek ve Şule Perinçek’in tanıklığı ile aktarılmıştır. Ayrıca, kanalın kuruluş sürecinde yaşadığı yasal, teknik, finansal ve siyasi zorluklar da araştırılmıştır.In this article, the establishment of Ulusal Kanal on 29 October 2000 and the twelve years following its establishment are discussed within the media environment and political conditions of the establishment period. In the 1990s, with the rise of the neoliberal order and the establishment of private television channels, the changing media order paved the way for Ulusal Kanal to create an alternative media. The establishment process of the channel, broadcasting principles, staff structure, program content and ideology were examined in detail. The channel's broadcasting policies, shaped in line with the ideology of Vatan Partisi, are conveyed with the testimony of Serhan Bolluk, who took on various duties during the channel's founding phase and in its later years. In addition, the legal, technical, financial and political difficulties experienced by the channel during its establishment were also investigated.by Abdürrahim Öze
Federe öğrenme için gizliliği çok taraflı homomorfik şifreleme ile koruyan veri normalleştirme teknikleri
No full textCataloged from PDF version of article.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-48)Data normalization is a crucial preprocessing step for enhancing model per formance and training stability. In federated learning (FL), where data remains distributed across multiple parties during collaborative model training, normal ization presents unique challenges due to the decentralized and often heteroge neous nature of the data. Traditional methods rely on either independent client side processing, i.e., local normalization, or normalizing the entire dataset before distributing it to parties, i.e., pooled normalization. Local normalization can be problematic when data distributions across parties are non-IID, while the pooled normalization approach conflicts with the decentralized nature of FL. In this the sis, we explore the adaptation of widely used normalization techniques to FL and define the term federated normalization. Federated normalization simulates pooled normalization by enabling the collaborative exchange of normalization parameters among parties. Thus, it achieves performance on par with pooled normalization without compromising data locality. However, sharing normaliza tion parameters such as the median introduces potential privacy risks, which we further mitigate through a robust privacy-preserving solution. Our contributions include: (i) We systematically evaluate the impact of various federated and local normalization techniques in non-IID FL scenarios, (ii) We propose a novel ho momorphically encrypted k-th ranked element (and median) calculation tailored for the federated setting, enabling secure and efficient federated normalization, (iii) We propose privacy-preserving implementations of widely used normalization techniques for FL, leveraging multiparty fully homomorphic encryption (MHE).by Melih Coşğu
ODTÜ Kimya Bölümünün tarihi
No full textThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 15-16).Bu çalışmada, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi (ODTÜ) bünyesinde bulunan Kimya bölümünün hem fiziki hem de akademik kuruluş süreci incelenmektedir. Buna ek olarak, bölümün akademik ve sosyal kültürünün kuruluşundan günümüze kadar evrimi de incelenmektedir. Son olarak, YÖK’ün 1981’de kuruluşunun bölüme olan etkisi ve günümüzde bölümün durumu da incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bölümün kuruluşu ile ilgili bilinenlerin derlenmesidir. 1960 yılında Bahattin Baysal tarafından ODTÜ içinde kurulan Kimya bölümü, Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde kimya eğitiminin şekillenmesi açılarından önemli bir yere sahiptir.This study examines the academic and physical establishment process of the chemistry department of Middle Eastern Technical University. In addition, the evolution of the academic and social culture of the department from its inception to the present day is examined. Lastly, the effects of the inception of the Council for Higher Education in 1981 and the condition of the department in the present day are examined. The purpose of this study is to compile the knowledge on the inception and evolution of the department. The chemistry department, which was founded by Bahattin Baysal in METU in 1960 is important in its effect on chemistry education in universities in Turkey.by Abdürrahim Öze
Türkiye'de anti-damping: ticaretin görünmez kalkanı mı engeli mi?
No full textThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 22-24).Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin 1950 sonrası dışa açılma süreciyle başlayan ekonomik dönüşümünü, 24
Ocak 1980 Kararları bağlamında ele alarak, anti-damping politikalarının ortaya çıkış nedenlerini
ve etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisinin dışa açılma süreci,
anti-damping politikalarının Türkiye’deki tarihsel ve yasal gelişimi ile söz konusu politikaların
farklı ekonomik aktörler üzerindeki etkileri çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. 1950-1980 arası
Türkiye ekonomisinin genel yapısı ve dışa açılma süreci değerlendirildikten sonra, 24 Ocak 1980
Kararları ile serbest piyasa ekonomisine geçişin yerli üretim üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır.
Damping kavramı açıklanmış, Türkiye'nin anti-damping mevzuatının gelişimi ve Avrupa Birliği
ile Gümrük Birliği süreci ile yaşanan değişiklikler incelenmiştir. Damping uygulamalarının yerli
üreticiler ve genel rekabet yapısı üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında T.C.
Ticaret Bakanlığı Ticaret Uzmanı Dr. Serdar Akbaş ile yapılan röportaj sayesinde konu hakkında
detaylı bilgi edinilmiştir. Çalışmada anti-damping politikasının sadece yerli sanayiyi dış rekabetten
koruyan bir önlemler bütünü olmadığı, aynı zamanda üretim yapısının modernleşmesine, sanayi
politikalarının güçlenmesine ve küresel rekabete uyuma katkı sağlayan stratejik bir özellik de
taşıdığı tezi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Türkiye’nin dış ticaret politikalarının
dönüşümünü anlamaya katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.This study aims to examine the emergence and impacts of anti-dumping policies within the context
of Turkey’s economic transformation, which began with the post-1950 liberalization process and
culminated in the January 24, 1980 Decisions. The research explores Turkey’s path toward
economic openness, the historical and legal development of anti-dumping policies in the country,
and the effects of these policies on various economic actors. Following an assessment of the general
structure of the Turkish economy between 1950 and 1980 and the subsequent liberalization process,
the study discusses the impact of the transition to a free-market economy—initiated by the January
24 Decisions—on domestic production.
The concept of dumping is explained, and the evolution of Turkey’s anti-dumping legislation,
along with changes triggered by the Customs Union process with the European Union, is analyzed.
The effects of dumping practices on domestic producers and the broader competitive structure are
examined in detail. Furthermore, an interview conducted with Dr. Serdar Akbaş, a Trade Expert at
the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Turkey, provides in-depth insights into the subject.
The study argues that anti-dumping policy is not merely a set of measures aimed at protecting
domestic industry from external competition, but also a strategic tool that contributes to the
modernization of the production structure, the strengthening of industrial policy, and the adaptation
to global competition. In this context, the study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the
transformation of Turkey’s foreign trade policies.by Efe Can Zeybe
1960 darbesi’nde 147’ler olayı
No full textThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 20-21).Bu çalışmada Türk akademisine derin bir darbe vuran 27 Mayıs 1960 darbesinden sonra gerçekleşen 147 akademisyenin tasfiyesi incelenmiştir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda başta Emre Dölen’in yazmış olduğu Türkiye Üniversite Tarihi adlı eseri olmak üzere konuyla ilgili birçok basılı kitap, dergi, dönemin gazete haberleri ve makalelerden yararlanılmıştır. Yazılı kaynaklara ek olarak Prof. Dr. Ruşen Keleş ve İlhan Tekeli ile yapılan röportajlar da çalışmaya yönelik büyük katkılar sağlamıştır. 147 akademisyenin tasfiyesine ek olarak çalışmada tasfiyelerin Türkiye’de Akademik ve Genel Hayata Dair Yansımaları ve 27 Mayıs 1960 Darbesi Öncesi Türkiye’deki Siyasi ve Akademik Durum da incelenmiştir.This study examines the purging of 147 academics after the Coup of May 27, 1960, which dealt a deep blow to the Turkish academia. In line with this goal, many printed books, magazines, newspapers of the period, and articles on the subject, especially Emre Dölen's University History of Turkey, were utilized. In addition to written sources, interviews with Prof. Dr. Ruşen Keleş and İlhan Tekeli also contributed greatly to the study. In addition to the purges of 147 academics, the study also examines the reflections of the purges on academic and general life in Turkey and the political and academic situation in Turkey before the coup of May 27, 1960.by Kudret Emiroğl
Tarihî Kayhan Çarşısı ve Türk mutfağına katkıları
No full textThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 20-22).Bursa’nın en köklü ticaret merkezlerinden biri olan Tarihî Kayhan Çarşısı, yüzyıllar boyunca sadece ekonomik bir merkez olmakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda toplumsal hayatın ve kültürel aktarımın da önemli bir parçası olmuştur. Çarşının tarihsel süreci içinde geçirdiği dönüşümler, özellikle gastronomi alanındaki etkileriyle dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bağlamda sadece Kayhan Çarşısı değil, genel anlamda çarşı kavramının doğuşu ve Anadolu’daki gelişimi de kapsamlı biçimde ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada birçok akademik makale, dergi ve güvenilir internet kaynağından yararlanılmış; saha araştırmalarıyla elde edilen bilgilerle içerik derinleştirilmiştir. Pideli köftenin günümüzdeki sunum biçiminin öncüsü olarak kabul edilen Hacı Hüsamettin Sünneli’nin oğlu Mehmet Sünneli ile yarım asrı aşkın süredir bölgenin muhtarlığını yapmış İsmail Tamuroğlu ile gerçekleştirilen röportajlar, çarşının gastronomi mirasına ışık tutan önemli bilgilerin edinilmesini sağlamıştır. Araştırma sürecinde Kayhan Çarşısı’yla ilgili akademik literatürde kayda değer bir eksiklik olduğu göze çarpmış, bu çalışma da bu boşluğu doldurmak hedefiyle şekillendirilmiştir.The Historical Kayhan Bazaar, one of Bursa’s most longstanding commercial centers, has functioned not only as an economic hub for centuries but also as a significant locus of social life and cultural transmission. The transformations it has undergone throughout its historical trajectory are particularly noteworthy for their influence in the realm of gastronomy. Within this framework, the study not only focuses on Kayhan Bazaar itself but also offers a comprehensive examination of the broader concept of the bazaar and its development across Anatolia. The research draws upon a wide array of academic articles, scholarly journals, and reliable online sources, and is further enriched by data obtained through fieldwork. Conversations with Mehmet Sünneli—the son of Hacı Hüsamettin Sünneli, regarded as a forerunner in the contemporary presentation of pideli köfte—and İsmail Tamuroğlu, who served as the district headman for over half a century, have yielded valuable contributions to understanding the gastronomic heritage of the bazaar. During the research, a notable gap in the academic literature concerning Kayhan Bazaar became apparent; this study has been designed with the aim of addressing that deficiency.by İbrahim Mert Öztür
Türki̇ye’de bi̇r nükleer fi̇zi̇kçi̇: Gürcan Yülek
No full textThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Includes bibliographical references (page 20).Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Prof. Dr. Gürcan Yülek, Ankara'da doğup büyümüş ve fizik alanında kariyer yapmış önemli bir bilim insanıdır. Çocukluğundan itibaren entelektüel bir çevrede yetişmiş, eğitim hayatına olan ilgisiyle kısa sürede akademik başarılar elde etmiştir. Ankara Üniversitesi’nde başladığı lisans eğitimini başarıyla tamamlamış, sonrasında ODTÜ ve İstanbul Üniversitesi gibi kurumlarda akademik faaliyetlerde bulunmuştur. Yülek, özellikle radyasyon fiziği ve nükleer güvenlik alanlarında Türkiye’de öncü çalışmalar yapmıştır. Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu’nda (TAEK) görev alarak çeşitli teknik laboratuvarlar kurmuş, yönetmeliklerin oluşmasında aktif rol oynamıştır. 1986 Çernobil kazası sonrası dönemde kriz yönetiminde etkili bir figür olmuş, kamuoyunu bilimsel verilerle aydınlatmaya çalışmıştır. Uluslararası birçok organizasyonda Türkiye’yi temsil eden Yülek, hem bilimsel çalışmaları hem de yazdığı kitaplarla akademiye ve topluma kalıcı katkılar sunmuştur. Emeklilik sonrasında da bilgi ve deneyimlerini çeşitli alanlara taşıyarak üretkenliğini sürdürmüştür.Prof. Dr. Gürcan Yülek, a prominent Turkish physicist, played a pivotal role in shaping Turkey’s nuclear energy policy and public understanding of radiation safety. His academic journey began in Ankara, where he cultivated a strong foundation in the physical sciences, eventually earning his degree from Ankara University and continuing advanced studies at Middle East Technical University and Istanbul University. Throughout his career, Yülek made significant contributions to radiation physics, notably through his work at the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK), where he established key dosimetry laboratories and developed radiation protection standards. Following the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, he was instrumental in assessing and communicating radiation risks, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based public communication. Yülek also represented Turkey in major international institutions such as the IAEA and OECD, strengthening global collaborations. His scholarly output includes influential publications and textbooks that bridged academic knowledge with public engagement. Even after retirement, he continued contributing through consultancy, translation of nuclear safety standards, and public education, leaving behind a lasting legacy in both science and civic service.by İbrahim Mert Öztür
Çeçen-Rus savaşlarının (1994-1996 ve 1999-2000) Çeçen halkının Türkiye’yeki diasporasının oluşumundaki etkileri
No full textThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 16-17).by Sefa Mustafa Altı
Bilim ve akademide öncü bir isim: Prof. Dr. Şefik Süzer’in akademik yolculuğu
No full textThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 18-20).Bu yazıda, TÜBİTAK’ın NATO bursu ile ODTÜ Kimya Bölümü’nden birincilikle mezun olan ve doktorasını Berkeley’de tamamlayan Prof. Dr. Şefik Süzer’in akademik yolculuğu ele alınmaktadır. Sydney ve Freiburg üniversitelerinde doktora sonrası araştırmalar yürüttükten sonra ODTÜ’de öğretim üyeliğine başlayan Süzer, burada yardımcı doçentlikten profesörlüğe uzanan bir kariyer inşa etti. 1992 yılında Bilkent Üniversitesi Kimya Bölümünü kurmak üzere ODTÜ’den ayrıldı. Ulusal ve uluslararası akademik çevrelerde aktif görevler üstlenen Süzer, çeşitli dergilerde yazarlık ve editörlük yapmış, çok sayıda sempozyuma katıldı. Süzer, Bilkent Üniversitesi Kimya Bölüm Başkanlığı görevini sürdürmektedir.This article discusses the academic journey of Prof. Dr. Şefik Süzer, who graduated first in his class from METU's Chemistry Department with a NATO scholarship from TÜBİTAK and completed his PhD at Berkeley. After conducting postdoctoral research at the Universities of Sydney and Freiburg, Süzer joined the faculty at METU, where he built a career from assistant professor to full professor. In 1992, he left METU to establish the Department of Chemistry at Bilkent University. Active in national and international academic circles, Süzer was an author and editor of various journals and participated in numerous symposia. Süzer continues to serve as the Head of the Department of Chemistry at Bilkent University.by Abdürrahim Öze
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