Biomedical Photonics (BMP - E-Journal)
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Применение фотодинамической терапии при лечении кератоакантомы
Get PDFThe review is on treatment of keratoacanthomas using photodynamic therapy. The defining characteristic of keratoacanthoma among epithelial tumors is a rapid spontaneous regression in the case of typical keratoacanthoma and long-term persistence, recurrence and common malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma in the case of atypical keratoacanthoma. In recent years, photodynamic therapy which is an effective method of treatment of different types of cancer and pre-cancer diseases of the skin including actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease, basal cell carcinoma, is increasingly used in clinical practice. There are few data for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of keratoacanthoma. The analysis of the literature shows that using of photodynamic therapy in the set of treatment modalities in patients with keratoacanthoma improves the efficacy and reduces the terms of the therapy. In all investigations except one there was complete tumor regression in 100% patients with keratoacanthoma who underwent photodynamic therapy. In one study complete tumor regression was observed in 66.7% of patients with atypical keratoacanthoma after photodynamic therapy. The follow-up of patients in all analyzed studies accounted for at least 2-3 years. During this time none of the patients had evidence for recurrence. This approach has minimal restrictions for application. Thus, photodynamic therapy may become a therapeutic alternative to surgical treatment of keratoacanthoma with good clinical and cosmetic results
Исследование кинетики затухания фотолюминесценции молекулярных нанокристаллов фталоцианина алюминия при взаимодействии с иммунокомпетентными клетками
Get PDFThis work is dedicated to the study of the photoluminescence kinetics of aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles in colloidal solutions at different pH and in the interaction with immune cells (macrophages). For measurements we used a registration system based on Hamamatsu streak camera (C10627-13 Hamamatsu Photonics) with picosecond temporal resolution (15 ps), conjugated with the fiberoptic spectrometer and picosecond laser pumping. The changes in fluorescence decay kinetics as additional lifetime components of fluorescence were found during the experiment. The number of components and duration of lifetimes changed while interacting with cells and depends on pH. At pH 2 the presence of two fluorescence lifetimes was recorded: the first one was 5 ns, which corresponded to the molecular form in solution, and 1.5 ns, which corresponded to bound state of phthalocyanine molecules. Due to the absence of other possible objects for bounding in the solution except of the nanoparticles we can suggest with a high degree of accuracy that the bounding occurs with the very these nanoparticles. Analysis of the fluorescence lifetimes of aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles in macrophages indicated the presence of two components: 9 ns and 4.5 ns. A model of surface molecules transitions from parallel to perpendicular position, regarding to the plane of the crystal nanoparticle was proposed
Фотодинамическая терапия лейкоплакии слизистой оболочки полости рта с фотосенсибилизатором фотолон
Get PDFThe objective – to assess tolerability, safety and immediate results of treatment of patients with oral leukoplakia using photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a photosensitizer photolon. The study included 40 patients (7 men, 33 women) with morphologically verified leukoplakia of the oral mucosa. The average age – 55±14 years. Number of treated foci – 109 (1 to 8). Photolon was administered intravenously at doses of 1.7-2.5 mg/kg. Photoirradiation («UPL PDT», Belarus, λ = 660±5 nm) was performed 2.5-3 h after administration: light exposure dose varied from 25 to 100 J/cm2, power density of 0.07 to 0.32 W/cm2, the duration of one field photoirradiation – from 2 to 13.5 min and according to its linear dimensions. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed 1-2 months after PDT by clinical data. Complete regression of foci recorded in 95% of cases (n=38), partial – in 5% (n=2).The follow-up period varied from 1 to 30 months. Full-epithelialization of the wound defect occurred within the period of 3-6 weeks after treatment. Photodynamic therapy may be recommended for patients with circumscribed or widespread oral leukoplakia as a simple, well-tolerated and effective option. Keywords: photodynamic therapy, photolon, oral leukoplakia
Фотодинамическая терапия в клинической практике
Get PDFThe review is on opportunities and possibilities of application of photodynamic therapy in clinical practice. The advantages of this method are the targeting of effect on tumor foci and high efficiency along with low systemic toxicity. The results of the set of recent Russian and foreign clinical trials are represented in the review. The method is successfully used in clinical practice with both radical (for early vulvar, cervical cancer and pre-cancer, central early lung cancer, esophageal and gastric cancer, bladder cancer and other types of malignant tumors), and palliative care (including tumor pleuritis, gastrointestinal tumors and others). Photodynamic therapy delivers results which are not available for other methods of cancer therapy. Thus, photodynamic therapy allows to avoid gross scars (that is very important, for example, in gynecology for treatment of patients of reproductive age with cervical and vulvar cancer), delivers good cosmetic effect for skin tumors, allows minimal trauma for intact tissue surrounding tumor. Photodynamic therapy is also used in other fields of medicine, such as otorhinolaryngology, dermatology, ophthalmology, orthopaedics, for treatment of papilloma virus infection and purulent wounds as antibacterial therapy
Внутриочаговое введение фотолона при фотодинамической терапии базальноклеточного рака кожи
Get PDFThe new method of photodynamic therapy for basal cell skin carcinoma with intralesional injection of photolon (at dose of 1.44-2.50 mg/cm3 of tumor volume 15 min before irradiation) was developed in the department of dermatology, venerology and dermatooncology in The State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow Area Moscows regional research clinical institute n.a. M.F. Vladimirskiy. The efficacy of the developed method was evaluated in clinical studies in 30 patients comparing with the group of 32 patients who had conventional PDT with typical intravenous injection of photolon (at dose of 2.0–2.5 mg/kg of body weight 3 h before irradiation). The characteristics of irradiation were the same both in the study and in the control groups: power density of 0.31-0.47 W/cm2, light dose of 300 J/cm2. Compared PDT regimens had similar efficiency. As a result of the performed treatment complete tumor regression was achieved in 93.3% patients with intralesional injection of photolon and in 90.6% patients with intravenous injection. The rate of patients with 2-year recurrence-free survival after intralesional injection of photolon accounted for 96.7%; after intravenous injection – 93.8%. However, the developed method demonstrated superior safety comparing with intravenous injection of photolon: such as there was no need for light regimen after intralesional injection of photolon, there were no cases of skin phototoxicity (12.5% for intravenous injection), no increasing of transaminases (37.5% for intravenous injection)
МНОГОКУРСОВАЯ ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ ВЕРРУКОЗНОЙ ФОРМЫ ЛЕЙКОПЛАКИИ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ТЕЛА ЯЗЫКА (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)
Get PDFThe results of treatment of the patient with verrucous luekoplakia of mucous membrane of body of the tongue with photodynamic therapy are represented. In 2015 the patient underwent 4 courses of photodynamic therapy with photosensitizer photolon. Photolon was injected at dose of 2 mg/kg 3 h before irradiation (laser output power was 0.262 W, light dose – 50 and 100 J/cm2). The result of treatment was assessed as complete regression: 4 months after multiple-course photodynamic therapy there were no clinical and histological signs of luekoplakia.Приведены результаты лечения пациента с веррукозной формой лейкоплакии слизистой оболочки тела языка методом фотодинамической терапии. В 2015 г. пациенту было проведено 4 курса фотодинамической терапии с фотосенсибилизатором фотолон. Фотолон вводили в дозе 2 мг/кг за 3 ч до проведения облучения (мощность лазерного излучения 0,262 Вт на выходе световода, плотность энергии лазерного излучения – 50 и 100 Дж/см2). Эффект лечения оценен, как полная регрессия: при контрольном осмотре через 4 мес после завершения многокурсовой фотодинамической терапии клинических и гистологических признаков лейкоплакии не обнаружено
Спектрально-люминесцентные свойства наночастиц бактериохлорина и фталоцианина алюминия в качестве поверхностного покрытия имплантов на основе гидроксиапатита
Get PDFThe development and the spectral research of unique coating as crystalline nanoparticles of IR photosensitizers were performed for the creation of hydroxyapatite implants with photobactericidal properties. It has been proved that by the interaction of nanoparticles covering implant with the polar solvent, which simulates the interaction of the implant with the biocomponents in vivo (fast proliferating and with immunocompetent cells), photosensitizers nanoparticles change the spectroscopic properties, becoming fluorescent and phototoxic. Thus, the developed coating based on crystalline photosensitizer nanoparticles with studied specific properties should have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory effect by the photodynamic treatment in the near implant area. This research opens the prospect of the local prevention of inflammatory and autoimmune reactions in the area of implantation. The results of the study suggest a promising this technology in order to create implants with photobactericidal properties
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ФОТОИНДУЦИРОВАННОЙ ГИБЕЛИ НА МОДЕЛИ КЛЕТОК МЕЛАНОМЫ КОЖИ
Get PDFThe results of the experimental study of immune response of human skin malignant melanoma cells Mel 226 on photodynamic exposure are represented in the article. Photoinduced apoptosis of skin malignant melanoma was studied in vitro. The study showed that irradiation with the agent fotoditazin at dose of 0.5–2.5 µg/ml (6 and 10 min exposure 30 min before irradiation; irradiation parameters: wavelength of 662 nm, total light dose from 40 to 60 J/cm2) induced early apoptosis. The increase of the time of laser irradiation significantly accelerates the conversion of photosensitized tumor cells from early to late apoptosis.В статье представлены результаты экспериментального исследования иммунного ответа клеток меланомы кожи человека Mel 226 на фотодинамическое воздействие. Изучен фотоиндуцированный апоптоз клеток меланомы кожи in vitro. Исследования показали, что облучение с препаратом фотодитазин в концентрациях 0,5-2,5 мкг/мл (экспозиция в течение 6 и 10 мин за 30 мин до облучения; параметры облучения: длина волны 662 нм, суммарная доза облучения от 40 до 60 Дж/см2) индуцирует ранний апоптоз. Увеличение времени лазерного облучения достоверно ускоряет переход фотосенсибилизированных опухолевых клеток из ранней фазы апоп-тоза в позднюю
Возможности интраоперационной фотодинамической терапии в лечении местнораспространенного рака молочной железы
Get PDFThe original method of intraoperative photodynamic therapy for multimodality treatment of primary and recurrent breast cancer for devitalization of malifnant cells at wound surface and for prevention of further cancer dissemination was developed in P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute. The developed method was approved in 79 patients with locally advanced breast cancer stage IIB and IIIA,B,C with poor prognostic factors. For photodynamic therapy the photosensitizer photosens (30 min intravenous infusion at dose of 0.3 mg/kg of body weight 2 h before surgery) was used in 56 patients; alasens (solution in 100 ml of still drinking water, orally at dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight 2 h before general anesthesia) — in 23 patients. The surgical field was irradiated on a single occasion: the dose of laser irradiation on the bed of removed primary or recurrent tumor was 20–30 J/cm2, in the removed regional lymph nodes area – 50 J/cm2. Long-term results of the treatment were assessed in 34 patients: there were no disease progression in 50% of patients, 14.7% of patients had locoregional recurrence, distant metastases were in 35.3% of patients. The level of photosensitizer accumulation in tissue was additionally analyzed in 26 patients by fluorescence intensity in tumor and in normal breast tissue. After injection of alasens the increase in level of alasens-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence was recorded in tumor (the average diagnostic parameter was 6.5 a.u.) and in intact breast tissue (an average of 0.47 a.u.), tumor/normal tissue fluorescence contrast varied from 3 to 33. The level of protoporphyrin IX accumulation was noticed to be lower in tumors with pathomorphological response after neoadjuvant therapy. For photosens value of the average diagnostic parameter in normal breast tissue was 5.6 a.u., in tumor – 34.3 a.u., tumor/normal tissue fluorescence contrast – from 2 to 9
Брахитерапия в лечении рака влагалища
Get PDFCharacteristics of diagnosis and treatment of different types of primary vaginal cancer are highlighted, the role and place of brachytherapy as independent method or combined treatment modality for this pathology is shown in the review. Epidemiological data on incidence of vaginal cancer in Russia are represented, presumptive mechanisms for development of the disease, risk factors, histological types, features of the course, clinical presentation, diagnostic algorithm are described. Treatment methods for primary vaginal cancer according to world standards such as surgery, radiotherapy and systemic drug therapy are covered. Specifics of radiological methods of treatment (low-dose rate and high-dose rate brachytherapy, including the combination with external beam radiotherapy) according to the stage of the disease, are shown in details. The results of several large foreign clinical trials for efficiency of different methods of radiotherapy are discussed. The combination of brachytherapy on primary tumor with external radiation therapy to the lymph nodes was confirmed to be the most effective modality. The conclusion on opportunities of different methods of radiotherapy in treatment of vaginal cancer was made