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Women's empowerment and educational equity: Analyzing gendered household education expenditures in Cameroon
Full text linkThis study investigates the effect of women’s participation in household decision-making on educational inequalities in Cameroon. Drawing on data from the fourth Cameroonian household survey conducted in 2014 (Ecam4) by the National Institute of Statistics, the analysis employs a two-stage Heckman selection model to examine the relationship between women’s decision-making power, measured through their educational attainment, and household expenditure on girls’ education. The results reveal that the gender of the child significantly shapes the distribution of education spending, with boys often receiving a larger share. While women’s involvement in household decision-making shows no significant impact on overall education expenditure across all children, a disaggregated analysis presents a different picture. At the secondary school level, women’s participation in decision-making has a positive and significant effect on household spending for girls, suggesting that maternal influence becomes more pronounced as children progress to higher levels of schooling. Moreover, the interaction between women’s decision-making power and girls’ education expenditure shows that such participation increases investment in girls’ education by 17.5%. These findings emphasize that empowering women within households has the potential to reduce gender disparities in education, particularly at the secondary level, where inequalities are often most entrenched. By strengthening women’s decision-making role, policymakers can promote more equitable educational investment, ultimately contributing to long-term progress in narrowing gender inequality
Nutrient use efficiency and growth analysis of wheat crop under precision nitrogen management techniques and growth regulators application
Full text linkNitrogen occupies a significant position in plant metabolism as an essential component of proteins, which are associated with all vital and metabolic processes in the plant system. Nitrogen fertilization in wheat is more complex, and the results are more flexible than in any other field crop. The objective of this study was to determine how nitrogen dose variation interacts with growth regulators and their impact on crop lodging and the yield of wheat. The experiment was conducted during the Rabi season 2019-20 to assess these effects, involving various treatment combinations of different nitrogen doses, use of growth regulators, including precision nitrogen management using leaf color charts, GreenSeeker, and decision-support tools such as Nutrient Expert. The results showed that precision nitrogen management techniques resulted in higher harvest index and nitrogen use efficiency compared to other treatments. Balanced supply of major nutrients, viz., N, P, and K, led to better nutrient uptake compared to treatments where only nitrogenous fertilizer was applied. The use of growth regulators increased the total number of days to achieve physiological maturity, thereby increasing values of growing degree days and heliothermal units. Therefore, it is suggested that nitrogenous fertilizer alone should not be applied in wheat crops to avoid soil nutrient imbalance and potential toxicity disruptions in the food cycle
Variation in physiology and vegetative development of different Vitis genotypes under the ecological conditions of a continental climate
Full text linkMultidisciplinary studies have alerted agriculturists to the urgency of implementing mitigation strategies against the pernicious effects of global climate change, which introduces new threats and challenges. The selection of the most suitable genotype is a primary strategy for sustainable agriculture in the face of climate change. This study was conducted to evaluate different grapevine genotypes for their specific physiological and vegetative characteristics in a continental climate region. The genotypes belonging to various Vitis species exhibited significant variation in terms of stomatal conductance (gs), leaf temperature (Tleaf), chlorophyll content, and shoot growth features. Among the studied genotypes, the autochthonous cultivar Ispitiran was distinguished by its more stable gs and more favorable leaf temperature during the summer period. The 5 BB rootstock stood out with its higher gs and Tleaf values. The gs of the cultivars tended to decrease during the hot midsummer, while Ispitiran maintained more stable gs levels. The Isabella cultivar was notable for its greater chlorophyll content in the leaf. Rootstocks demonstrated higher shoot growth compared to the cultivars. The highest shoot diameter was observed in the Ispitiran cultivar. These findings are expected to inform future studies related to genotypic selection for breeding and grape production purposes, contributing to precision viticulture under the adverse effects of climate change
Innovating engineering education: Insights and lessons from the pandemic
Full text linkThis study presents how engineering education evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering a comprehensive scientometric analysis of research lessons and insights. By examining 933 relevant documents from Scopus published between 2020 and May 2023, the study identifies key shifts in focus, particularly the rapid adoption of online learning, distance education, and virtual teaching methods. The pandemic catalyzed a rapid transition to online and hybrid models, prompting innovative approaches to maintain educational quality and accessibility. The findings highlight how the pandemic accelerated the transition to digital and hybrid models, with "online learning," "distance education," and "e-learning" emerging as dominant themes indicating a major focus on remote education technologies. Despite challenges posed by remote settings, active and project-based learning remained essential, while psychological factors such as anxiety and depression underscored the importance of supportive learning environments. Global research collaboration flourished, with significant contributions from the United States, India, and Spain. A co-occurrence network analysis using VOSviewer reveals distinct research clusters, ranging from innovative teaching strategies to student mental health. This research article offers valuable insights into how the engineering education community adapted to unprecedented challenges during the pandemic, thereby providing recommendations for continuous innovation and the future of education after a pandemic
Mathematics teachers’ perspectives on utilizing AI in their teaching practices: Examining regional and teaching experience factors
Full text linkThis study aimed to explore mathematics teachers’ perceptions of using AI in their teaching. A sample of 307 mathematics teachers from the University Directorate and the Hifa Educational Region was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, specifically designed and psychometrically validated. The study results showed that mathematics teachers’ perceptions of using AI tools in their practices were above average overall, and in the subdomains of lesson planning, instructional practices, and students' assessment. However, their perceptions revealed a deep awareness of the challenges that hinder the effective integration of these tools, indicating a dire need for specialized training on the use of AI tools, appropriate classroom infrastructure, and ethical guidelines or policies. Although the study found significant differences in perceptions based on the geographic region, favoring the Haifa region, there were no significant differences related to teachers’ experience. This study offered recommendations to help educational decision-makers adopt educational reforms that promote the wise use of AI tools. This aims to improve the effectiveness of teaching mathematics and boost student performance. It also adds to the existing literature by supporting previous studies’ evidence on mathematics teachers’ perceptions of using AI in their practices and providing further empirical support
Online learning experiences from the perspective of Saudi university students: A mixed-methods study on critical success factors
Full text linkThis study aimed to explore Saudi university students' experiences of online learning by understanding the significant factors that affect this learning. A mixed-methods research methodology was employed using an explanatory sequential design in two stages. Quantitative data were first collected via a questionnaire focused on critical success factors (CSFs), followed by the collection of qualitative data from four focus groups and ten interviews. The technical design aspects of the CSFs, namely ‘basic online modality’ and ‘interactive online modality,’ received the highest satisfaction scores in the questionnaire, while the online social comfort factor scored the lowest. The findings highlight a significant need to consider instructional design aspects when planning and implementing online courses, taking into account students' academic levels and the consistency of the online course content. Teachers need to be trained in teaching strategies that support authentic learning, facilitate students' online interactions, and maintain a positive atmosphere. This research is essential as it provides an understanding of the current status of online learning from the perspective of Saudi students. It can assist policymakers in the Saudi Ministry of Education to improve online learning by considering CSFs and other contextual factors that influence students' learning experiences. Additionally, this research has international significance, particularly for developing countries, as it discusses factors affecting students' online learning experiences. Considering these factors may help improve online learning outcomes in other countries
Teachers’ application of the competency-based approach in the teaching and learning process: Evidence from middle schools in Addis Ababa
Full text linkThe study examined the extent to which teachers apply a competency-based approach in the teaching and learning process in Addis Ababa middle schools. It focused on the practice of a student-centered approach, application of authentic learning, and authentic assessment. To carry out the study, a concurrent embedded mixed methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 768 respondents (384 teachers and 384 students), while qualitative data were collected from four teachers. Questionnaires and classroom observations were used as data collection tools. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean) and inferential statistics (t-test). The data collected through observations were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed a wide gap between what teachers believe they are doing and what is actually being done in their classrooms regarding each of these three dimensions. Although teachers claimed that they were using student-centered approaches, authentic learning, and authentic assessment methods, in practice, there was minimal engagement with these methods. The study recommended that the Addis Ababa Education Bureau encourage teachers to adopt a more student-centered approach that promotes personalized learning, emphasizes the integration of real-world examples and scenarios to make learning more authentic and applicable, and implements consistent authentic assessments
ARIMA-based forecasting of Nigerian crude oil prices (2006–2023): Long-term dynamics, optimal model selection, and policy implications
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to investigate Nigerian monthly crude oil prices from 2006 to 2023 using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model in order to provide reliable forecasts for fiscal and economic planning. Crude oil remains central to Nigeria’s economy, and its unstable price patterns have significant implications for government budgeting, revenue generation, and long-term policy design. The study employs monthly price data sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics. Preliminary inspection of the series revealed sharp fluctuations without a clear long-term direction. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test confirmed that the series was non-stationary at the level but became stationary after first differencing. Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation plots suggested three possible models: ARIMA (0,1,1), ARIMA (1,1,0), and ARIMA (1,1,1). Model performance was compared using AIC, AICc, and BIC values, and further validated with residual diagnostics. The findings indicate that ARIMA (1,1,0) is the best-fitting model, showing that present changes in oil prices are strongly linked to immediate past changes, which reflects the short-term memory property of the oil market. Forecasts from the model point to moderate price stability around US$90–95 per barrel in the near term, though widening confidence intervals highlight rising uncertainty over longer horizons. The practical implication is that accurate short-term forecasts can guide budgetary and fiscal policies in Nigeria and other oil-dependent economies, while underscoring the importance of diversifying revenue sources to reduce vulnerability to oil price shocks
Nexus between Tax Avoidance and Corporate Profitability in Bangladesh Banking Sector: Insights from Static and Dynamic Models
Full text linkThis paper aims to explore whether company tax avoidance enhances bank profitability in the context of Bangladesh. The study is based on a sample of 34 banks listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), covering the period from 2014 to 2023. The research employs panel data estimators, including Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Prais-Winsten Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), to examine the relationship between the variables. Confirming the political power theory, the findings demonstrate a significant positive correlation between tax avoidance and bank profitability, indicating that a higher degree of tax avoidance is associated with increased profitability. Both static and dynamic estimation approaches consistently support these results. These findings are relevant to various stakeholders. First, from a managerial perspective, executives can make more informed decisions regarding their tax strategies. Second, the results may stimulate discussions about the need for more effective tax laws and enforcement to ensure that businesses contribute their fair share of taxes to the government, which can be achieved through improved corporate governance and regulatory oversight. Third, when making investment decisions, investors can utilize this information to assess the ethical considerations and sustainability of banks' earnings streams
Understanding cowpea yield: A comprehensive analysis of physiological traits' contribution through path analysis
Full text linkThis study investigates the physiological processes affecting the grain yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), a key protein, vitamin, and mineral source in human diets. Gaining an understanding of these mechanisms can be crucial for developing high-yielding cowpea varieties in breeding programs. A field experiment was conducted with 30 treatments, including three sowing dates (Early August, Late August, Early September) and ten cowpea genotypes (UAM09-1051-1, UAM09-1046-6-1, UAM14-126-L33, IT99K-573-1-1, IT89KD-288, UAM14-126-L6, UAM14-122-17-7, UAM14-123-18-3, UAM14-127-20-1-1, and UAM14-130-20-4). These treatments were arranged in a split-plot design within a Randomized Complete Block Design, replicated three times. Key physiological traits like Leaf Area Index (LAI), Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation (IPAR), Stomatal Conductance, Photosynthetic Rate, Transpiration Rate, and Chlorophyll Content were measured. Data collected were analyzed using correlation and path coefficient methods; the results showed significant positive correlations between grain yield and traits like LAI, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rate. In contrast, the transpiration rate negatively correlated with yield. Path analysis revealed that the net photosynthetic rate had the most direct impact on grain yield, highlighting its role in photosynthesis and grain filling. The study suggests that cowpea breeding efforts should focus on improving photosynthetic efficiency and optimizing traits like LAI and stomatal conductance to boost cowpea grain yields