Asian Online Journal Publishing Group (AOJPG)
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Towards the development of the tourism sector in Palestine: Challenges and recommendations
Full text linkThis study explores the challenges facing the Palestinian tourism sector and provides recommendations for its development. A systematic review methodology was used to analyze relevant studies, categorizing challenges into three areas: (1) occupation-related barriers, (2) internal structural obstacles, and (3) marketing and technological limitations. Key recommendations were extracted and synthesized. Findings indicate that the Israeli occupation imposes severe movement restrictions, site destruction, and misinformation campaigns. Internal obstacles include weak infrastructure, economic constraints, and inadequate professional capacity. Marketing and technological limitations hinder global visibility. Addressing these challenges requires political advocacy, infrastructure development, economic investment, and digital marketing strategies. Palestinian tourism has strong potential but is hindered by political, economic, and marketing barriers. A comprehensive strategy integrating political resolutions, economic development, and modern marketing approaches is essential for sustainable growth. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers and tourism stakeholders, emphasizing infrastructure improvement, digital marketing, and global advocacy to enhance the sector’s sustainability
Cultural diplomacy and soft power of China: Theory, strategy and application in South East Asia
Full text linkThis paper examines the expansion of China's influence beyond economics into culture and ideology, focusing on its state-led cultural diplomacy in Southeast Asia, a region of critical strategic importance. Adopting a qualitative approach that utilizes case studies and empirical data, the research analyzes the mechanisms and motivations behind China's soft power strategy. The findings reveal that these initiatives are distinctly state-centric and frequently aligned with immediate economic or political goals. While this strategy has successfully established a notable cultural presence for China in the region, it is simultaneously hampered by significant challenges in building genuine trust and persuasive appeal. The paper concludes that the effectiveness of China's soft power is ultimately constrained by these issues, casting doubt on the long-term sustainability of its approach. These findings offer crucial insights for policymakers, suggesting that a more organic, trust-based approach is necessary for long-term success and informing how regional nations can formulate effective engagement strategies
Evaluating Vietnam-Germany trade in the context of the EVFTA: A trade indicator approach
Full text linkThis study evaluates the impact of the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) on bilateral trade between Vietnam and Germany, addressing a gap in empirical research despite Germany’s role as Vietnam’s largest EU trading partner. The research adopts a trade indicator approach, applying the Bilateral Revealed Comparative Advantage (BRCA), Trade Intensity Index (TII), and Trade Complementarity Index (TCI) to analyze structural changes in trade between 2015 and 2023. The findings show that Vietnamese export sectors with established competitiveness, including footwear, leather, and wood products, have achieved notable gains under the EVFTA framework. However, sectors such as processed foods and high-tech machinery demonstrate limited improvement due to production constraints, compliance challenges, and value chain integration issues. Moreover, the results highlight a declining trend in both trade complementarity and intensity, indicating that the positive effects of the EVFTA have not been sustained in the long term. These findings underscore the need for Vietnam to enhance domestic production capacity, improve regulatory alignment with EU standards, and adopt a more proactive export strategy to fully capitalize on the agreement. Strengthening these dimensions will not only sustain existing advantages but also foster diversification and resilience in Vietnam-Germany trade relations under the evolving EVFTA landscape
Effectiveness of digital storybooks based on Balinese culture for enhancing cultural-civic literacy and Pancasila education outcomes
Full text linkThe integration of local cultural content in educational materials has been increasingly recognized as an effective approach to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. Empirical evidence on the specific impacts of digital storybooks based on local culture remains limited. This study aims to evaluate and determine the effectiveness of implementing digital storybooks based on Balinese local culture to enhance cultural civic literacy and learning outcomes of Pancasila education among fifth-grade elementary students. The effectiveness testing engaged 114 fifth-grade students in Jembrana Regency. The effectiveness analysis used multivariate analysis techniques and effect size transformation. The results show that digital storybooks demonstrated high effectiveness in enhancing cultural civic literacy and learning outcomes of Pancasila education. The effect size (ES) for cultural civic literacy was 0.849 indicating a high level of effectiveness. For Pancasila education learning outcomes, the effect size was 0.872 reflecting high effectiveness. When considering both cultural civic literacy and learning outcomes simultaneously, the effect size was 0.851 confirming the substantial impact of the digital storybooks. The conclusion suggests that digital storybooks based on Balinese local culture are highly effective tools for improving cultural civic literacy and Pancasila education learning outcomes. These results support the integration of local cultural content into educational materials
Teaching efficacy of using Microsoft Teams in virtual school education: Perceptions of teachers and students
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an abrupt transition to virtual learning environments. Microsoft Teams (MS Teams) was adopted by many educational institutions to maintain instructional continuity. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of teachers and students regarding the teaching efficacy of MS Teams, focusing on various educational aspects such as interaction, assessment, engagement, and platform usability. The study surveyed 110 teachers and 475 students using structured questionnaires to gather insights into their experiences with MS Teams during the pandemic-induced shift to online education. A multi-dimensional evaluation of knowledge of technology, effective planning for the virtual classroom, and assessment aspects of e-learning was conducted. The 'Online Teaching Efficacy Scale' (OTES), a five-point rating scale, was used to understand the efficacy of online teaching by teachers. Findings revealed that teachers were adept at using MS Teams for scheduling and task coordination but faced challenges with interactive tools and online assessment methods. Students appreciated multimedia-rich lessons and found the platform user-friendly but missed personal interaction and rated assessments as inadequate. While MS Teams supported virtual learning effectively, its full potential in teaching efficacy especially in engagement, assessment, and feedback remains underutilized, emphasizing the need for targeted teacher training in digital tools to enhance instructional effectiveness in virtual settings
Advancing Social Enterprise through Collective Action: A Strategic Approach to Enhancing Social Value
Full text linkSocial enterprises (SEs) are organizational forms that integrate economic and social values. In Indonesia, SEs have experienced significant growth in terms of institutional forms, numbers, and the variety of social issues that they address. However, the predominance of individualized and fragmented initiatives has constrained their potential to contribute systematically to broader societal objectives, including social welfare, economic well-being, social justice, and sustainability. This study proposes a re-conceptualization of SE development by advancing the idea of a collective movement inspired by the principles and dynamics of social movements. Employing a qualitative research design, this study draws on in-depth interviews with 25 SE practitioners and activists across eight cities and regencies in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using NVivo software by comparing findings from the literature with field data collected through in-depth interviews, following a dialectical approach proposed by Van Der Burg (2008), to explore the interactions between social enterprises and social movements. The findings reveal three key patterns of interaction: (1) a dialectical relationship in which both SEs and social movements co-shape each other, (2) SEs as internalized spaces of movement-building, and (3) social movements as ecosystems that nurture and interconnect multiple SEs. This study also identifies five foundational principles—social values, resource mobility, organizational capacity, collective action, and shared purpose—as critical to enabling a movement-based approach to SE development. This approach fosters synergy among diverse actors, institutionalizes collaboration, and enhances the scalability and resilience of social impacts. Theoretically, this study contributes by offering a collective action framework for understanding SE evolution
The Role of the Green Economy in The Correlation to The Circular Economy and Sustainable Business: A Case Study on The MSMEs of The GRI Community
Full text linkThis study aims to explain the effect of the circular economy on implementing sustainable business through the green economy variable. The topic takes 3 (three) aspects, including economic, social, and environmental, by taking several indicators according to the variables used. In this study, the green economy variable will then be identified as a moderator or intervening variable, which will determine the relationship between the circular economy and sustainable business. This study uses primary data through the method of distributing questionnaires and secondary data as supporting data. The research object used is the sustainable business-based Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) community. The research sample used was 300 obtained using a random sampling technique based on Isaac and Michael’s Table. The method of analysis used multivariate data analysis including factor analysis with SEM-PLS covariance. The results show that the green economy is a moderating and intervening variable for the circular economy on sustainable business with a positive relationship. This research is recommended to the MSME of the GRI community, academics concerned with sustainability studies, and the general public who observe sustainability
The impact of activity-enriched teaching and educational games on the academic success of middle school students in astronomy courses
Full text linkThis study investigates the effect of teaching enriched with astronomy activities and educational games on astronomy achievement in the 6th-grade Solar System and Eclipses unit. Fifty-seven students in the 6th grade of a secondary school in Türkiye participated in the study. Although the groups were formed randomly, since the students themselves could not be randomly distributed among the groups, a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups was adopted. The experimental group used a constructivist learning approach and educational games and activities related to the astronomy course. The control group used only the constructivist learning method. While creating the astronomy achievement test as a data collection tool for the research, the achievements of the 6th-grade Solar System and Eclipses Unit were considered. Validity and reliability studies were conducted for the data collection tool, and it was concluded that the test was applicable. The experimental application revealed that including astronomy activities and educational games in science lessons increased the astronomy achievement of 6th-grade students. Based on this result, it can be said that educational games and activities used in science lessons can positively contribute to achievement
Modelling asymetric response of stock market volatility to monetary policy: Empirical evidence from Nigeria
Full text linkThis paper analyses how stock market volatility responds to monetary policy during bull and bear market phases in the period from the first quarter of 1990Q1 to the fourth quarter of 2023Q4 using MS-VAR model. It investigated stock market fluctuation in both the bull and bear periods using the composite index of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), the All Share Index and the most appropriate monetary policy indicator, the interest rates. The monetary policy shocks were found to positively respond to the stock market volatility with relatively small volatility in the first regime. For the second regime, the graph shows that an increase in monetary policy shock positively affects volatility at the onset before afterwards turning the move into the negative side of volatility. This policy advice is that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should be extra cautious when setting and enforcing fiscal measures. Furthermore, due to the erratic performance by Nigeria stock market, the government and the relevant authorities should avoid interfering with the market during these situations as such interferences may trigger further instabilities to the market, because such measures merely slow the causes down, and do not bring lasting solutions
Flood forecasting using HEC-HMS model for Sukkur district, Pakistan
Full text linkThis study investigates the applicability of the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) for reliable flood forecasting in the Sukkur District, Pakistan, a lower Indus Basin region that suffers on average three major flood events per decade and experienced catastrophic inundation of over 1,200 km² of cropland during the 2022 monsoon. We delineated the 5,165 km² Sukkur watershed into eight sub-basins using a 30 m SRTM-derived DEM and applied HEC-HMS with locally calibrated parameters—initial and constant loss, SCS unit hydrograph, and constant monthly baseflow—driven by daily rainfall (2018–2022) from Guddu, Sukkur and Kotri stations and six-hourly discharge at the Sukkur gauge. Representing the first calibrated HEC-HMS application with an eight-subbasin configuration in the region, this approach provides improved spatial resolution over lumped models. Calibration on three flood peaks (July 2020, August 2021, August 2022) and validation against an independent September 2022 event yielded a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.92 and a Root Mean Square Error of 55 m³/s, while the model provided an 18-hour lead time for peak discharge forecasts. These results demonstrate HEC-HMS’s strong potential as an operational early-warning tool to enhance emergency preparedness and minimize flood impacts in Sukkur and underscore the value of integrating real-time telemetry networks, coupling with two-dimensional hydraulic models, and conducting comprehensive sensitivity analyses to further improve forecast accuracy and support decision-making