E-Jurnal Universitas Tunas Husada Tasikmalaya
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RIS Assisted Wireless Powered IoT Networks with Phase Shift Error and Transceiver Hardware Impairment
No full textConsidering a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided wireless powered Internet of Things (WP IoT) network. To address the energy-limitation issue, IoT devices in such a network can be wirelessly powered by a power station (PS) first and then connect with an access point (AP) using their own harvested energy. The RIS helps enhance energy and information receptions in the downlink wireless energy transfer (WET) and uplink wireless information transfer (WIT), respectively. This work unveils the impact of phase shift error (PSE) and transceiver hardware impairment (THI) on the considered network. Our investigation starts with a scenario where only the impact of the PSE on system under study is considered, then moves toward a scenario with the compound effect of both PSE and THI. A maximization problem of the system sum throughput is formulated to evaluate the overall performance for these two scenarios, subject to the constraints of the adjustable RIS phase shifts, the statistical PSE and the transmission time scheduling. To handle the non-convexity of the formulated problem due to those coupled variables, we first adopt the Lagrange dual method and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions to derive the optimal time scheduling in closed-form. Next, we recast the stochastic PSE into the deterministic counterpart for its tractability. Then, we adopt a successive convex approximation (SCA) to iteratively derive the optimal WIT’s phase shifts, and element-wise block coordinate decent (EBCD) and complex circle manifold (CCM) methods to iteratively derive the optimal WET’s phase shifts. Finally, we complete our solution approach for the scenario with both PSE and THI. Simulation results highlight the performance of the proposed scheme and the benefits induced by the RIS in comparison to benchmark schemes
Rheumatoid arthritis T cell and muscle oxidative metabolism associate with exercise-induced changes in cardiorespiratory fitness
No full textRheumatoid arthritis (RA) T cells drive autoimmune features via metabolic reprogramming that reduces oxidative metabolism. Exercise training improves cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., systemic oxidative metabolism) and thus may impact RA T cell oxidative metabolic function. In this pilot study of RA participants, we took advantage of heterogeneous responses to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise program to identify relationships between improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness with changes in peripheral T cell and skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. In 12 previously sedentary persons with seropositive RA, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests, fasting blood, and vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained before and after 10 weeks of HIIT. Following HIIT, improvements in RA cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with changes in RA CD4 + T cell basal and maximal respiration and skeletal muscle carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) enzyme activity. Further, changes in CD4 + T cell respiration were associated with changes in naïve CD4 + CCR7 + CD45RA + T cells, muscle CrAT, and muscle medium-chain acylcarnitines and fat oxidation gene expression profiles. In summary, modulation of cardiorespiratory fitness and molecular markers of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism during exercise training paralleled changes in T cell metabolism. Exercise training that improves RA cardiorespiratory fitness may therefore be valuable in managing pathologically related immune and muscle dysfunction
Collaboration over competition? Regulatory reform and inter-organisational relations in the NHS amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
No full textBackgroundIn 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, England’s Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) released a White Paper outlining proposed legislative reform of the National Health Service (NHS). Key to the proposals is the shift from relationships between providers based on competition, to cooperation, as the central driver of improved performance and quality. Against this background we explore potential regulatory barriers and enablers to collaboration identified by key NHS stakeholders and assess whether the proposed policy changes are likely to deliver the desired improvement in collaborative relationships, in the context of challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with 30 key stakeholders, taking place during the COVID-19 pandemic from Jan 2020 to May 2021. Participants were selected for their expertise regarding collaboration and were recruited purposively. Interviews were conducted online with the use of video conferencing software. The interviews were thematically analysed to identify themes. Proposals contained in the DHSC White Paper helped to structure the thematic analysis, interpretation, and reporting of the results.ResultsRequirements to compete to provide services, regulatory ability to block collaborative arrangements, lack of collaboration between providers and Clinical Commissioning Groups, and current lack of data sharing were found to hamper collaborative efforts. These issues often negatively affected collaborative relations by increasing bureaucracy and prompted leaders to attempt to avoid future collaborations. Other barriers included opaque accountability arrangements, and erosion of trust in regulators. The COVID-19 pandemic was found to foster collaboration between organisations, but some changes mandated by the new legislation may stifle further collaboration.ConclusionsMany of the proposed legislative changes in the White Paper would help to remove existing barriers to service integration and collaboration identified by stakeholders. However, the proposed shift in the concentration of power from NHS England to the DHSC may exacerbate historically low levels of trust between providers and regulators. Many of the proposed changes fail to address endemic NHS policy issues such as chronic understaffing. Further dialogue is needed at all levels of the health and social care system to ensure future legislative changes meet the needs of all stakeholders.<br
Mechanical Design of a Viscoelastic Isolation System for Spacecraft Spinning Mechanism Applications
No full text"With the increase of payload sensitivity (such as high-resolution optics for sub-metric imagers), micro-vibration disturbances generated by spacecraft’s spinning actuators, if uncontrolled, may affect on-board instruments and introduce artefacts in the images taken by an Earth observation imager. Viscoelastic isolators have been increasingly used in space applications thanks to their ability to act as a second-order low pass filter to minimise the micro-vibration forces. In this thesis, an innovative viscoelastic material selection process has been developed to assess viscoelastic materials’ mechanical and thermal properties during the early isolator design stages. To characterise viscoelastic isolators, rheological models are commonly used to model viscoelastic isolators. In this dissertation, a new constrained optimisation model is proposed to find an optimised set of model parameters for classical and fractional Kelvin-Voigt models and Maxwell-Voigt models.A design methodology is based on testing the performance of viscoelastic materials, and a viscoelastic isolator is proposed to minimise the micro-vibration forces of spacecraft spinning actuators. The new proposed process of material screening can provide significant time and cost savings during the design of a new viscoelastic isolator for space applications and lowering the associated risks.Based on the research on viscoelastic isolation systems, an innovative conical viscoelastic isolator system has been designed and developed for spacecraft spinning mechanisms. The isolation system is made of a space-qualified viscoelastic material developed for its low out-gassing properties, a conical shape isolator that ensures similar isolation transmissibility both axially and radially and finally, a mechanical snubber which limits the maximum displacement of the isolation system during the launch of the spacecraft. This new isolation system attenuates the vibrations generated by the launcher to the spinning mechanism during the launch phase and the micro-vibrations generated by the mechanisms in the spacecraft while spinning. The developed viscoelastic isolation system can be installed on most types of spinning mechanisms such as reaction wheels, control moment gyroscopes and momentum wheels.
DIVERSE AUDIO CAPTIONING VIA ADVERSARIAL TRAINING
No full textAudio captioning aims at generating natural language descriptions for audio clips automatically. Existing audio captioning models have shown promising improvement in recent years. However, these models are mostly trained via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which tends to make captions generic, simple and deterministic. As different people may describe an audio clip from different aspects using distinct words and grammars, we argue that an audio captioning system should have the ability to generate diverse captions for a fixed audio clip and across similar audio clips. To address this problem, we propose an adversarial training framework for audio captioning based on a conditional generative adversarial network (C-GAN), which aims at improving the naturalness and diversity of generated captions. Unlike processing data of continuous values in a classical GAN, a sentence is composed of discrete tokens and the discrete sampling process is non-differentiable. To address this issue, policy gradient, a reinforcement learning technique, is used to back-propagate the reward to the generator. The results show that our proposed model can generate more diverse captions, as compared to state-of-the-art methods
Barriers and facilitators to out-of-hospital pain management for children
No full textPain is one of the most common symptoms presented by patients of all ages to ambulance services. While children in pain make up a relatively small proportion of the patients attended by prehospital care services, medical intervention is needed in only 40% of cases. This might go some way to explaining why management of paediatric pain is perceived as poor. Aim: To establish and explore published barriers and facilitators to out-of-hospital pain management for children aged <18 years. Methods: Key search terms were used to search the three databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE and PSYCHInfo) individually and simultaneously. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and 15 papers were identified as meeting the criteria and were subject to data extraction. Results: Three broad themes were identified; organisational factors, patient factors and clinician factors. Conclusion: From considering international systems and aspects of care, it can generally be accepted that the assessment and management of paediatric pain is below what would be expected, and compared with with that for adults, it is sub-optimal. Multiple demographic influences are evident and appear to influence clinician decisions
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN LIDAH BUAYA ( ALOE VERA ) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II : LITERATUR REVIEW
Get PDFDiabetes Mellitus adalah suatu penyakit metabolik dimana kadar gula darah tinggi di dalam tubuh karena tidak memproduksi insulin yang cukup. Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II merupakan jenis Diabetes Mellitus yang paling banyak di temukan yaitu lebih dari 90- 95% (American Diabetes Asociation, 2011). Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II adalah suatu kondisi dimana pankreas terus memproduksi insulin, namun karena adanya resistensi insulin, maka kadar gula darah tetap tinggi (Aveonita, 2015). Salah satu cara menurunkan kadar gula darah pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II adalah dengan menggunakan tanaman herbal yaitu lidah buaya (aloe vera). Tinjauan pustaka dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian lidah buaya (aloe vera) terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Literature Review, dengan cara identifikasi, evaluasi dan sintesis terhadap karya-karya hasil penelitian dan hasil pemikiran yang sudah dihasilkan oleh para peneliti dan praktisi. Artikel diambil dari Google Scholar melewati 2015-2021. Prosedur pencarian dan seleksi artikel didasarkan pada Prefered Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaanalyses (PRISMA) didapatkan 6 jurnal untuk dianalisis. Hasill berdasarkan penelitian dari 6 artikel yang dianalisis menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian lidah buaya (aloe vera) terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe I
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI INTERAKSI OBAT PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI RUMAH SAKIT “X” KABUPATEN KARAWANG
Get PDFABSTRACTHypertension is a condition where there is an increase in systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mmHg. In some cases of hypertension, it takes a combination of several drugs to reach the target blood pressure. However, the combination of several of these drugs can lead to drug interactions. This study aims to identify potential drug interactions that occur from the profile of drug use in hypertensive patients. The research design used was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from October to December 2019 at the "X" Hospital, Karawang Regency. Each type of drug in the prescription sheet was analyzed based on the Drug Interaction Facts and Lexicomp literature. The results of this study were the profile of drug use in hypertensive patients, which was most often given the Calcium Channel Blocker group, with 83 (58%) of the drug amlodipine. The percentage of prescriptions with potential drug interactions were 33(37%) and 57(63%) had no potential drug interactions. This study concluded that the potential for drug interactions found based on the classification of the highest severity level, namely the moderate classification was 18(79%), where the interaction of this category needs medical attention because the effects can cause changes in the patient\u27s clinical status. Keyword: patients, hypertension, drug interaction ABSTRAK Hipertensi merupakan suatu keadaan adanya peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik lebih dari 140 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik lebih dari 90 mmHg. Dalam beberapa kasus hipertensi dibutuhkan kombinasi dari beberapa obat untuk mencapai tekanan darah yang dituju. Namun, kombinasi beberapa obat ini secara sekaligus dapat mengakibatkan adanya interaksi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi interaksi obat yang terjadi dilihat dari profil penggunaan obat pasien hipertensi. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi cross sectional deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif mulai bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2019 di Rumah Sakit “X” Kabupaten Karawang. Setiap jenis obat dalam lembar resep dianalisis berdasarkan literatur Drug Interaction Facts dan Lexicomp. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu profil penggunaan obat pasien hipertensi yang paling sering diberikan adalah golongan Calsium Channel Blocker, dengan obat amlodipin berjumlah 83(58%). Persentase jumlah resep yang memiliki potensi interaksi obat sebanyak 33 resep (37%) dan 57 resep (63%) tidak memiliki potensi interaksi obat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa potensi interaksi obat yang ditemukan berdasarkan klasifikasi tingkat keparahannya yang tertinggi yaitu dengan klasifikasi moderate yaitu sebanyak 18(79%), dimana interaksi kategori ini perlu mendapat perhatian medis karena efek yang ditimbulkan dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada status klinis pasien. Kata kunci: pasien, hipertensi, interaksi obat
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN LOTION SARI WORTEL (Daucus carota L.) DENGAN METODE DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)
Get PDFRadikal bebas adalah suatu senyawa atom atau molekul yang mengandung satu atau lebih elektron tidak berpasangan sehingga senyawa tersebut sangat reaktif mencari pasangan sehingga dapat berbahaya karena sifat reaktivitasnya. Umbi wortel merupakan tanaman kaya akan antioksidan yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas yang mengandung beberapa senyawa antioksidan, yaitu β-carotene, anthocyanin dan vitamin C. Tujuan dari penelitian inin untuk mengetahui apakah lotion sari wortel ini memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan bagaimanakah kekuatan aktivitasnya serta untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah stabilitas dari lotion tersebut. Sari wortel diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan lotion dengan konsentrasi 10% dan 20 % kemudian diuji stabilitas dengan metode cycling test selama 6 siklus dengan parameter uji organoleptic, pH, homogentitas, daya sebar, viskostasi , sifat alit dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menggunakan kontrol positif vitamin C. Lotion antiokidan sari wortel konsentrasi 10% dan 20% stabil berdasarkan hasil pengujian organoleptik, daya sebar, tipe emulsi, homogenitas dan sifat alir dengan pH basa dan pada viskositas tidak stabil. Lotion sari wortel memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan kategori sangat aktif dengan nilai IC50 27,09 ppm dan 26,09 ppm
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG PENGGUNAAN TANAMAN HERBAL SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PENCEGAH COVID-19
Get PDFCOVID-19 is a disease currently sweeping the world. COVID-19 arises because of a new type of virus called Coronavirus. The existence of this pandemic makes people have to always keep a distance from someone and also comply with health rules when doing activities outside the home. Experts are trying to create a vaccine to fight this virus. One of the ways to protect ourselves from being exposed to this virus is by maintaining the body\u27s immunity using herbal plants. By consuming herbal plants, immunity in the body can be increased due to the nature of herbal plants which can prevent (preventive) through the secondary metabolites contained therein. The purpose of this activity is to see how much public knowledge is about herbal plants and their use as a preventive measure against COVID-19. The form of this research is quantitative with a descriptive survey design in the community. This research was conducted with a questionnaire as a medium for data accumulation and the data were analyzed univariately. The results of the analysis obtained public knowledge about the use of herbal plants in the good category, namely 89.9%.