E-Jurnal Universitas Tunas Husada Tasikmalaya
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A Weekly-Diary Study of Students’ Schoolwork Motivation and Parental Support
No full textBackground: Parental support plays an important role in children’s schoolwork motivation and may have been especially important during the first UK COVID-19 pandemic lockdown because all schoolwork was completed at home. When examining the effect of parental support on children’s schoolwork motivation, research has typically focused on comparing families with each other (i.e., difference between families). However, the effect unfolds as a transactional, bidirectional process between parents and children over time (i.e., a within family process). Failing to account for this complexity can result in imprecise conclusions about the association between parental support and children’s schoolwork motivation.Objectives: We examined bidirectional effects between perceived parental schoolwork support and children’s schoolwork motivation at both the between-family and within-family level.Methods: This study reports findings from a weekly-diary study conducted during the first UK Covid-19 school lockdown. Cross-lagged within and between multilevel modelling was used to analyse data from UK secondary school students (N = 98) in School Years 7 to 9.Results: Between-family results show that there is no evidence of association between motivation and parental support. Within-family results indicate that higher motivation (assessed as higher expectations of success) predicted more support from parents. However, in contrast with predictions, weekly levels of parental support did not predict children’s weekly fluctuations in motivation.Conclusions: Within-family results were not consistent with between-family results. This study is novel in showing that child-driven effects appear to be important in eliciting parental support within families over tim
MULTIPLE EFFECTS OF " DISTANCE " ON DOMESTIC TOURISM DEMAND: A Comparison Before and After the Emergence of COVID-19 1
No full textThis study investigated whether regional differences in economic, socio-psychological, and environmental distance affect tourists' destination choices. Taking Hangzhou, China, as a case, macro-and micro-level data were integrated to examine the effects of multi-dimensional distance on the city's tourism demand via a panel gravity model. All six distance variables were identified as influencing factors, but their effects varied in size and direction. Tourists' behavior has changed since COVID-19; as such, distance effects before and after its emergence were identified. Tourists were less sensitive to economic distance and price differences following the pandemic and tended to favor more culturally and climatically different destinations. The terror management theory was introduced to explain the shift in tourists' choices. Findings provide implications for destination management and marketing amid the pandemic.</p
Do you have to have Sex to have Sex? Defining Sex in British Law and Medicine from the 1950s
No full textSex has at least two different but related meanings: a biological property that bodies can seemingly ‘have’, and a set of bodily practices that one or more people can ‘have’. In the 1950s, the endocrinologist CN Armstrong stated that biomedical evidence of sex variance and the lack of a clear legal definition of sex highlighted a problem with the criminalisation of homosexual activity. It was not until the 1970s that a clear category of legal sex was enacted in law. In this paper we consider the Wolfenden Committee (1954-57) and the legal cases of Georgina Somerset and April Ashley (1969-70). As we demonstrate, despite the complexity revealed by biomedicine, the law has not struggled to enact binary categories, due to the normative force of binary and heteronormative social understandings of sex (in all its meanings). We conclude by reflecting upon the many queer ways that people have and do sex outside of the purview of legal or medical definitions
Herpes simplex virus 1 expressing GFP-tagged virion host shutoff (vhs) protein uncouples the activities of degradation and nuclear retention of the infected cell transcriptome
No full textVirion host shutoff (vhs) protein is an endoribonuclease encoded by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1). Vhs causes a number of changes to the infected cell environment that favour translation of late (L) virus proteins: cellular mRNAs are degraded, immediate-early (IE) and early (E) viral transcripts are sequestered in the nucleus with polyA binding protein (PABPC1), and dsRNA is degraded to help dampen the PKR-dependent stress response. To further our understanding of the cell biology of vhs, we constructed a virus expressing vhs tagged at its C-terminus with GFP. When first expressed, vhs-GFP localised to juxtanuclear clusters, and later it colocalised and interacted with its binding partner VP16, and was packaged into virions. Despite vhs-GFP maintaining activity when expressed in isolation, it failed to degrade mRNA or relocalise PABPC1 during infection, while viral transcript levels were similar to those seen for a vhs knockout virus. PKR phosphorylation was also enhanced in vhs-GFP infected cells, in line with a failure to degrade dsRNA. Nonetheless, mRNA FISH revealed that as in Wt but not Δvhs infection, IE and E, but not L transcripts were retained in the nucleus of vhs-GFP infected cells at late times. Moreover, a representative cellular transcript which is ordinarily highly susceptible to vhs degradation, was also retained in the nucleus. These results reveal that the vhs-induced nuclear retention of the infected cell transcriptome is dependent on vhs expression but not on its endoribonuclease activity, uncoupling these two functions of vhs
POWES is pronounced 'feminist': Negotiating academic and activist boundaries in the talk of UK feminist psychologists
No full textThe Psychology of Women and Equalities Section (POWES) of the British Psychological Society (BPS) accounts for much of the feminist action in British psychology and beyond. In this qualitative study, we use discursively informed thematic analysis to examine a set of eleven in-depth interviews to explore the everyday experiences of feminists within academic spaces in and around the discipline of Psychology in the United Kingdom (UK). Three research questions addressing: the boundary between activism and academia; the provision of support; and differing approaches to knowledge production; were investigated. Our findings highlight the role of POWES as a feminist community as well as the conceptual importance of notions of home, work, and fun. Moreover, the paper examines the ways traditional conceptions of scientific rigor continue to haunt feminist spaces, as does the invisibility of emotional labour. Overall, our findings indicate that the place of feminist academic communities remains vital to sustain critical thought and action: having an intellectual 'home' is pivotal to the survival of feminist psychology as well as feminists in psychology. Abstract The Psychology of Women and Equalities Section (POWES) of the British Psychologica
Investment in digital infrastructure: why and for whom?
No full textThis study investigates the variation in attitudes across stakeholders towards investments in the digital economy. Using semi-structured interviews to identify attitudes about the spatially evolving socioeconomic importance of the digital economy in New Zealand, we identified seven distinct yet partially overlapping concerns that prioritise preferences for digital investment. A key finding is that there are important asymmetries in stakeholders’ narratives and epistemological foundations that currently align to collectively strengthen resolve to invest in digital infrastructure and training, but this alignment may splinter in future. Some stakeholders saw internet access as coalescing social economy, and there were concerns that some people and some places would get left behind if access is not rolled out uniformly and as a priority. There were disagreements about who will prosper, who will get left behind, who should pay for upgrading digital skills, the extent that investments were connected with wellbeing and identity, whether fake news was significant, and the longevity of the impact of digital economy investments. This study contributes to theory by demonstrating that practically-relevant, socially-informed policy decisions can be underpinned by collective efforts that draw on heterogeneous narratives and multidimensional understandings.</p
Deep Learning with Noisy Samples
No full textThe remarkable success of deep learning is largely attributed to the collection of large datasets with human-annotated labels. However, it is extremely expensive and time-consuming to label extensive data with high-quality annotations. In other words, noisy samples are inevitable in large datasets. In this thesis, we aim to tackle the issues caused by noisy training samples under two noise-sensitive practical settings: instance recognition task and few-shot classification task.Three contributions are made in this thesis. First, in chapter 3 we investigate the negative effect caused by noisy training samples in instance recognition task, which has been largely neglected by existing works. Specifically, we focus on person re-identification (re-ID)---a cross-domain instance matching problem---and propose to model uncertainty for features of input samples. This extra dimension allows the model to focus more on the clean inliers rather than overfitting to noisy training samples, resulting in better class separability and better generalisation to test data. Second, inspired by the ability of modelling uncertainty, in chapter 4 we focus on making full use of modelling uncertainty by encouraging neuron variance to build a unified framework for multiple applications, including network pruning, adversarial defence, and model calibration. Finally, we move on to few-shot classification problem in chapter 5. Since simultaneously optimising for high per-activation variability/uncertainty and predictive accuracy used in chapter 4 improves the few-shot learning model marginally, we propose hybrid graph neural networks to respectively overcome noisy training samples and class overlapping issues
Source-Free Object Detection by Learning to Overlook Domain Style
No full textSource-free object detection (SFOD) needs to adapt a detector pre-trained on a labeled source domain to a target domain, with only unlabeled training data from the target domain. Existing SFOD methods typically adopt the pseudo labeling paradigm with model adaption alternating between predicting pseudo labels and fine-tuning the model. This approach suffers from both unsatisfactory accuracy of pseudo labels due to the presence of domain shift and limited use of target domain training data. In this work, we present a novel Learning to Overlook Domain Style (LODS) method with such limitations solved in a principled manner. Our idea is to reduce the domain shift effect by enforcing the model to overlook the target domain style, such that model adaptation is simplified and becomes easier to carry on. To that end, we enhance the style of each target domain image and leverage the style degree difference between the original image and the enhanced image as a self-supervised signal for model adaptation. By treating the enhanced image as an auxiliary view, we exploit a student-teacher architecture for learning to overlook the style degree difference against the original image, also characterized with a novel style enhancement algorithm and graph alignment constraint. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our LODS yields new state-of-the-art performance on four benchmarks