E-Jurnal Universitas Tunas Husada Tasikmalaya
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Uniqueness for degenerate parabolic equations in weighted L1 spaces
No full textWe study uniqueness of solutions to degenerate parabolic problems, posed in bounded domains, where no boundary conditions are imposed. Under suitable assumptions on the operator, uniqueness is obtained for solutions that satisfy an appropriate integral condition; in particular, such condition holds for possibly unbounded solutions belonging to a suitable weightedL1space
Single Ion Free Energy Calculation in ASIC1: The Importance of the HG loop
No full textAcid Sensing Ion Channels (ASICs) are one of the most studied channels of the Epithelial Sodium Channel/Degenerin (ENaC/DEG) superfamily. They are responsible for excitatory responses following acidification of the extracellular medium and are involved in several important physiological roles. The ASIC1 subunit can form a functional homotrimeric channel and its structure is currently the most characterised of the whole ENaC/DEG family. Here we computed the free energy profiles for single ion permeation in two different structures of ASIC1 using both Na+ and Cl- as permeating ions. The first structure is the open structure of the channel from the PDB entry 4NTW, and the second structure is the closed structure with the re-entrant loop which contains the highly conserved `HG' motif form PDB entry 6VTK. Both structures show cation selective free energy profiles, however the profiles of the permeating Na+ differ significantly between the two structures. Indeed, whereas there is only a small energetically favorable (-0.5 kcal mol-1) location for Na+ in the open channel (4NTW) near the end of the pore, we observed a clear ion binding site (-7.8 kcal mol-1) located in between the `GAS' belt and the `HG' loop for the channel containing the re-entrant loop (6VTK). Knowing that the `GAS' motif was determined as the selectivity filter, our results support previous observations while addressing the importance of the `HG' motif for the interactions between the pore and the permeating cations
Assessing variability in vascular response to cocoa with personal devices: a series of double-blind randomized cross-over n-of-1 trials
No full textUnderstanding Public Priorities and Perceptions of the Use of Linked Healthcare Data in South East England
No full textThe counties of Kent, Surrey and Sussex (KSS) in South East England are creating anonymized, linked databases of healthcare records for audit, service planning and research for the first time. We consulted with 79 citizens from KSS in 5 deliberative focus groups, asking about perceived benefits and concerns regarding these new data assets. Participants hoped the linked datasets could be used for joining up care and information, improving efficiency, and improving healthcare provision, but were concerned about missing and inaccurate data, data breaches and hacking, use of data by profit-making organisations, and stigma and discrimination. Findings will be used to underpin governance and engagement strategies for integrated datasets in KSS
A Portfolio of Compositions, making use in part of sketches generated by a non-linear process
No full textThis submission comprises a portfolio of compositions with accompanying recordings,along with a subsidiary thesis that describes the compositions, reflects on therecordings and how my compositions have evolved, and describes subsidiary worktitled ‘Composers Sketchbook’1 that uses a non-linear map (the Logistic, or VerhulstMap) to generate musical material; the process is mediated by a computer programwritten to reduce the burdensome task of generation and symbol translation.The research questions for the portfolio are:• Where sketches are used, do they impact the style and structure of thecomposition?• Does the portfolio show that the influence of the sketches can be seen, evenin compositions that use other approaches3and do they contribute to changesfrom my earlier compositions?These generate subsidiary questions for the Sketchbook: is there a way to mapgenerated numbers into score form with the minimum need for the user to engagewith the underlying mechanisms; can those mechanisms allow minimum or noconstraint on the mapping; and are the resulting sketches interesting and influentialin my composition portfolio.The main body of my submission consists of a portfolio of compositions, comprisingthree large-scale works and two chamber works:Large-scale works• The Moors Sigh, for medium-size orchestra, is based on an incident in 1492during the Reconquista in Spain; it is a reflection on the consequences ofbeing convinced of one’s rightness. Much of the composition uses sketchmaterial generated from the Sketchbook.• The Second Coming (A musical commentary on the poem by W.B.Yeats) isset for electronic sound, pre-recorded speaker and acoustic instruments –trumpet, cymbal, xylophone, marimba, two pianos, four ‘cellos and twodouble-basses. It uses the poem to shape the structure and each sectioncomments on aspects of the verse. A small amount of the material isgenerated using random numbers, or by combining overtones in nonharmoniccombinations.• Changing Times, for chamber orchestra, takes as its foundation quotationsfrom Ecclesiastes and Khalil Gibran’s The Prophet that illustrate uses of timeand also the illusory nature of memory and anticipation.Chamber Works• Woodwind Serenade, for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and two saxophones,is a five-movement composition; each movement is based on a sketchgenerated from the Sketchbook.• Second String Quartet is an exploration of serial techniques using a pitch-setthat has tonal implications, with some adoption of the Fibonnaci series togenerate rhythms.One subsidiary composition is included, an early sketch for The Moor’s Sigh that isbased on material generated from the Sketchbook.Finally, to aid understanding of the development of the Sketchbook, the submissionincludes the diary I kept when developing the process and the supporting program.Note: All literature references are listed in Appendix A – the majority are related tothe Sketchbook development work.<br
Changing the Representation: Examining Language Representation for Neural Sign Language Production
No full textNeural Sign Language Production (SLP) aims to automatically translate from spoken language sentences to sign language videos. Historically the SLP task has been broken into two steps; Firstly, translating from a spoken language sentence to a gloss sequence and secondly, producing a sign language video given a sequence of glosses. In this paper we apply Natural Language Processing techniques to the first step of the SLP pipeline. We use language models such as BERT and Word2Vec to create better sentence level embeddings, and apply several tokenization techniques, demonstrating how these improve performance on the low resource translation task of Text to Gloss. We introduce Text to HamNoSys (T2H) translation, and show the advantages of using a phonetic representation for sign language translation rather than a sign level gloss representation. Furthermore, we use HamNoSys to extract the hand shape of a sign and use this as additional supervision during training, further increasing the performance on T2H. Assembling best practise, we achieve a BLEU-4 score of 26.99 on the MineDGS dataset and 25.09 on PHOENIX14T, two new state-of-the-art baselines
Implementing free-listing: possessive classifiers in Oceanic
No full textWe evaluate the design and implementation of the free-list experiment, which is a relatively easy method for exploring the membership of semantic categories (Weller & Romney 1988). Different factors that could affect the replicability and validity of the experiment are explored, and these are balanced with the need to work sensitively with speakers of endangered and minority language communities. By including aspects of a Participatory Research approach (van der Riet & Boettiger 2009), such as building rapport and respecting participants' knowledge, the experimenter can extend the free-list experiment to include wider discussions around the linguistic categories under study. We include a case study from our research on Oceanic possessive classifiers to show that a free-list experiment results in a wealth of data, and offers up opportunities for discussing and valorising different speakers' understanding of linguistic categories
QoE Aware VVC Based Omnidirectional and Screen Content Coding
No full text"Widespread adoption of immersive media and communication tools, including Virtual Reality (VR), screen sharing and video conferencing applications, demand better compression of non-conventional video contents. Versatile Video Coding (VVC), the latest video coding standard which focusses on versatility introduces new coding toolsspecifically for the omnidirectional videos (360° videos) and artificially generated video (screen) contents. The special characteristics demonstrated by these non-conventional videos pose crucial challenges in developing efficient encoding algorithms. Moreover, VVC and state-of-the-art compression architectures provide inadequate coding support to address the spherical and the perceptual characteristics and exploit distinct features,including sharp edges and repeating patterns in 360° videos and screen content videos, respectively.In response, the first contribution introduces spherical characteristics to VVC to support its rectilinear functionalities. To this end, a novel spherical objective metric called the Weighted Craster Parabolic Peak-To-Signal Ratio (WCPPPSNR) is developed and used with newly designed residual weighting and multiple QuantizationParameter (QP) optimization techniques to improve the compression efficiency. This not only brings spherical characteristics to the video codec but acts as two-stage magnitude reduction of redundancy in both spatial and frequency domains. The results report that the proposed algorithms can improve the compression efficiency of VVC Test Model (VTM) 2.2 by 3.18% on average and up to 6.07%.The second contribution of the thesis proposes a novel 360° encoding that leverages user observed viewport information. In this regard, bidirectional optical flow, Gaussian filter and Spherical Convolutional Neural Networks (Spherical CNN) are deployed to extract perceptual features and predict the user observed viewports. By appropriately fusing the predicted viewports on the 2-D projected 360° video frames, a novel Regions Of Interest (ROI) aware weightmap is developed which can be used to mask the source video and introduce adaptive changes to the VVC coding tools. Comprehensive experiments conducted in the context of VTM 7.0 show that the proposed scheme can improve perceptual quality and reduce bitrates, achieving an average bitrate saving of5.85% and up to 17.15% for perceptual quality measurements.The final contribution introduces two affine prediction techniques that can extend the functionality of Intra Block Copy (IBC) and exploit the geometrical transformations between objects and characters in screen content videos. The first technique applies a Control Point Vector (CPV) search mechanism that allows search for more affinetransformed IBC blocks in a conventional manner which is identical to the motion estimation in inter blocks. In contrast, the second technique employs a parameter-based approach by predefining suitable affine transformations parameters that are applied on the IBC reference samples and compacting the information necessary to represent these transformations. In the context of VVC standard, the proposed techniques outperform the reference implementations and other state-of-the-art schemes, achieving consistent coding gains and up to 5.41% for specific screen content sequences.Finally, the proposed contributions have also been examined to test their performance in error prone networking environment by developing a transmission based Quality Of Experience (QoE) model from the VVC dependent parameters. The result shows superior gains in the QoE over the anchor implementations of the respective contributions.
Auxiliary verb constructions in Modern Spoken Kazakh
No full textThe Turkic language Kazakh has a remarkably large set of eighteen auxiliary verbs, which express various tense-aspect-modality (TAM) values in combination with a lexical verb. This thesis presents the first multivariate analysis of auxiliary verb constructions (AVCs) to precisely define the function and distribution of every auxiliary in Modern Spoken Kazakh.Based on corpus data and first-hand fieldwork, I demonstrate that contemporary Kazakh has 28 AVCs, each with a distinctive function. I argue that some morphologically or syntactically ambiguous constructions, hitherto analyzed as AVCs, should be treated as lexical verbs in separate clauses. Previously undescribed AVCs are described, including an unexpected case of stem alternation. The distributional analyses demonstrate that some AVCs are sensitive to syntactic parameters, such as the independence of the clause they head. Others are expressions of a purely semantic feature and thus are insensitive to syntax, such as the modal abilitative. Thus, AVCs are grouped into six classes in order to contrast distinctive distributional behavior with characteristics shared across constructions. The analysis assumes that auxiliaries are periphrastic and thus are part of the lexical verb’s paradigm. Therefore, alongside AVCs, synthetic TAM expressions are investigated and the results include precise descriptions and a novel contrastive analysis of three past tense expressions.The description is complemented by an HPSG style analysis in order to present the system using a rigorous, feature-based approach. This is the first attempt to formalize a large auxiliary system with implemented solutions that lay the grounds for future work on the diachrony of auxiliaries. I propose novel semantic features that account for distinctions including boundedness, phase specification and focus. The main contribution is a systematic, synchronic, fine-grain examination of every Kazakh auxiliary verb, which makes this complex system available for the general linguist, as well as specialists of TAM and periphrasis.<br
Quantification of green infrastructure effects on airborne nanoparticles dispersion at an urban scale
No full textMany dispersion models are available to simulate the mass concentrations of particulate matter in an urban environment. Still, fewer are capable of simulating the effect of green infrastructure (GI) on the airborne nanoparticles represented by total particle number concentration (ToNC). We developed an integrated approach capable of simulating the dispersion of airborne nanoparticles under the various scenarios of green infrastructure (GI). We demonstrated the usefulness of this approach by simulating a high-resolution spatial (250 × 250 m) concentration of traffic-emitted airborne nanoparticles at an urban scale under eight GI urban planning scenarios: the base year 2015 (2015-Rl-GI); business-as-usual for 2039 (2039-BAU-GI); three hypothetical future scenarios with maximum possible coniferous (2039-HMax-Con), deciduous (2039-HMax-Dec) trees, and grassland (2039-HMax-Grl) over the available land; and three alternative future scenarios by considering coniferous (2039-HNR-Con), deciduous (2039-HNR-Dec) trees, and grassland (2039-HNR-Grl) around traffic lanes. We assessed both the parametric and structural uncertainties due to particle transformation processes (nucleation, coagulation and deposition) and uncertainty in particle number emission factors (PNEFs) on ToNC, respectively. We also simulated the combined impact of deposition and aerodynamic dispersion of GI on ToNC reduction. The annual average ToN emission (ToNE) reduced from 5.36 × 1022 (2015) to 2.84 × 1021 (2039) particles due to the UK's air quality plan in future. Parametric uncertainty due to variable PNEFs might cause variation in annual ToNC from −57% to +60%. However, structural uncertainties in ToNC, due to particle transformation processes were up to −12%, −11% and +0.14% for deposition, coagulation, and nucleation, respectively. The annual ToN deposition (ToND) and concentration were 28–4800 × 1019 particles and 3.94–19.10 × 103 # cm−3, respectively, depending on the percentage share of GI type and annual traffic emissions. Planting maximum coniferous trees (2039-HMax-Con) simulated maximum reduction in annual ToNC. Coniferous trees near traffic lanes (2039-HNR-Con) also found to be more effective to reduce annual ToNC