Jurnal Puslitbang tekMira (Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara)
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CARBONIZATION OF BANTEN COAL BY ADDING WATER STEAM; CHANGES ON CARBON FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND PORE CHARACTERISTICS
No full textExperimental research and a fundamental study of carbonization of coal have been done by adding steam. The coal sample used in this study was obtained from Bayah, Banten, where the coal was mined by a small-scale underground mining. The study was carried out on a laboratory-scale of adjustable tube furnace reactor. The processes could give carbonized coal with a high calorific value (about 7,600 kcal/kg) and a high fixed carbon content (about 87 wt%). Specific surface area of carbonized products was also interesting as having for 160.5 m2/g. Specific surface area and pore distribution determined by BET techniques and also scanning electron microscope analyses were used to test for the pore and physical properties in the coal. In addition, changes in carbon functional groups and their properties were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy analysis of the products, upgrading process and maturation analyses
DEVELOPMENT OF ALLOTHERMAL GASIFICATION BY A DUAL FLUIDIZED BED TECHNOLOGY
No full textAllothermal gasification is a gasification process which separates oxidation process and other processes. So that, synthesis gas (syngas) could be produced from gasification with air as gasification agent. The main feature of allothermal gasification is how to transfer the heat of oxidation reaction to supply heat required for drying, pyrolysis and reduction processes. One of the techniques is to circulate bed material using a dual fluidized bed. Pressure loop and syngas composition resulted from gasification test is discussed. Pressure loop data of the Process Development Unit (PDU) facility showed a stable condition and resulted a continous circulation of the bed material. Therefore, heat transfer of oxidation reaction into a gasifier proceeded in a continous and stable way. A good heat transfer of the heat of oxidation reaction resulted a good quality of syngas where the composi- tion of H2 was close to 50% and the ratio of H2/CO was >2% which is suitable for chemical feedstoc
MINERALIZATION OF THE BUSANG PROSPECT, EAST KALIMANTAN
No full textBusang prospect occurs in the Kalimantan Volcanic belt of East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan. The prospect occupied the undulated morphology known as Bukit Busang. It is approximately 150 km southwest of the Kelian mine. Geologically, the Busang prospect is hosted within the volcanic rocks (tuff, breccia, dacite and adesite). The volcanic sequences are intruded by the Oligo-Miocene Atan Diorite. The hydrothermal alteration consists of silicification and argillic assemblages. Silicification is the presence of quartz and opaline silica while the argillic alteration is characterized by the presence of illite-kaolin clay. Mineralogy of the deposit comprises of gold, minor chalcopyrite, lead, sphalerite, pyrite and marcasite. Style of mineralization is quartz veins and dissemination within the host rocks. Analytical results from quartz samples show that the content of gold ranges from 0.016-66,06 ppm, Cu : 29-1810 ppm, Pb : 925-117675 ppm and Zn : 197-24908 ppm. The fluid inclusion measurement from two quartz veins indicate that the homogenization temperature ranges from 317.3-323.0ºC. The fluid salinity is very low, 0.5 wt % NaCl. On the basis of mineralogy, hydrothermal alteration, quartz textures and homogeniza- tion temperature, the Busang prospect is categorized as a low sulfidation epithermal type. The genetic model of the Busang prospect is possibly due to the intrusion of the Oligo-Miocene Atan Diorite
IMPLEMENTATION OF MATHEMATICAL EQUATION FOR CALCULATING ALUMINA EXTRACTION FROM BAUXITE TAILING DIGESTION
No full textResearch on bauxite tailing digestion using pressurized batch reactor at a feed capacity of 86.66 kg had been conducted. Bauxite with -150 mesh of particle size is reacted with 42.15 kg of caustic soda (433.49 g/l) at 140oC for 1.0 to 2.5 hours using steam as heating media. Lime added are varied from 3 to 9 kg. After processing for a certain period of time, slurry product is transfered into a mixer. To evaluate percent extraction of Al2O3 from this process, the height of slurry level in the mixer, densities of the slurry, filtrat, and solid residue are measured and determined. The head sample of bauxite, filtrate and residue are analysed by using wet method to obtain Al2O3 content of each sample taken from the mixer. There are four equations that are used for obtaining the alumina extraction, namely : Vsl=4.176x+15.83 Wsl=(4.176x+15.83)ρsl S=(ρsl - ρl)/ (ρs - ρl) (ρs/ ρsl)*100% E=[10 (4.176x+15.83) [1- (ρsl - ρl)/ (ρs - ρl)]*[cl/FxF]% The calculation results show that by increasing lime added into the slurry, percent yield of alumina extraction tend to decrease from 46.63% for 3 kg of lime to 15.84% by using 9 kg of lime. Whereas by varying reaction time between 1.0-2.5 hours, percent yield of alumina extraction are fluctuation in the range of 42.07-60.54%, and the highest result was obtanined for 1,5 hours of reaction time. By implementing those four equations above for evaluating the data, we do not need to weigh the slurry in the reactor
FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH FOR POST-MINING LAND USE PLANNING: A CASE STUDY ON COAL MINE OF PT. ADARO INDONESIA-SOUTH KALIMANTAN
No full textCurrently coal companies, especially in South Kalimantan, have not yet been or only slightly entered the post-mining stage, although part of the mining blocks have been totally exploited, so that the company should have been preparing for the development of other sectors (non-mining). It shows that optimization of coal resources from exploration, mining to post-mining land use is necessary to ensure sustainable mining and sustainable development in terms of meeting the conservation aspect. To meet all aspects of conservation, the achievement of optimization in a series of mining business activities is started from the potential optimization of the coal remain resources until the optimization of post-mining land use is absolutely required. This research has analyzed several alternative sectors outside mining, which will be selected for optimization of utilization or post-mining land use, including plantation, recreation, industry and conservation sectors. The analyzing process used several parameters to assess the selected sectors including rainfall, slope and land use. Therefore, this study uses an approach of GIS-based methods (knowledge-driven), mainly fuzzy logic for post-mining land use planning. The selected mining area for this study belongs to PT. Adaro Indonesia company that has a Work Agreement for Coal Mining Exploitation. The result shows the suitability of plantation for the optimization of land use in all mining sites and also for conservation areas or protected forests.