Biota: Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi
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pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak benalu teh dan mangga terhadap profil histopatologi tikus hipertensi (DOCA-SALT)
No full textThe purpose of this study was to analyze the brain histopathological profile in hypertensive rats (DOCA-Salt) treated to Tea and Mango extract combination (Mistletoe). Samples were obtained using a true experimental design completely randomized on 25 rats with three treatments (TI, TII, TIII), negative control, and positive control with replication five times. Ratio of extract for treatment was 3 : 1 made up 50 mg/kg BW, 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW. Data analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the JAMOVI application. The study results obtained Mistletoe (Tea and Mango) extract combination in hypertensive rats (DOCA-Salt) can significantly reduce the necrosis of brain cells in the white matter area. The combination of Mistletoe extract can reduce the number of brain cell necrosis in hypertensive rats optimally obtained at a dose of 50 mg/kg B
Polyploidy Induction of Rutaceae through Bio-catharanthine Treatment
Full text linkIndonesia has a tropical monsoon-type climate which suitable for agriculture and plantations. One of the main centers of orange fruits (Citrus sp.) production in Indonesia and become the top ten with the largest production is in South Sulawesi. Farmers commonly cultivate siam oranges (Citrus nobilis). Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) has not yet become the main production, which is inversely proportional to the high demand in South Sulawesi. This study aims to determine the ability of bio-catharanthine as a polyploidy agent against the phenotype of the familia Rutaceae cultivated in South Sulawesi. The research was carried out in Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar using randomized complete block design consisted of two conditions (bio-catharanthine concentration including C1 = Bio-catharanthine 0.05%; C2 = Bio-catharanthine 0.075%; C3 = Bio-catharanthine 0.1% and immersion time including T1 = 3 h; T2 = 6 h). Phenotypic observations include plant height, the number of leaves and nodes, the length of roots, and the number of roots per shoot. The results of the study showed that the bio-catharanthine immersion of 0.05-0.075% for 6 hours in Rutaceae had a significant effect on their phenotypic characters
The Ethnobotany Study of Medicinal Plants in Lombok Island
Full text linkLombok has the biodiversity plant potential that can be used as medicine. This study aimed to identify the types of medicinal plants used by Sasak people, how to obtain, the parts used, how to use and processing, and the Species Use Value (SUV), Family Use Value (FUV), and Fidelity Level (FL). The results showed that there were 84 species used as traditional medicine by Lombok people. The method of obtaining medicinal plants was mostly done by cultivation, as much as 58% of the processing methods, and the most common use of plants in medicine was boiling and drinking. Plant species that had the highest SUV value were Morinda citrofolia, Zingiber officinale, and Elephantopus scaber with SUVs of 0.8 each. The plant family that had the highest FUV value was Zingiberaceae (eight species), furthermore, the part of the plant that had the highest value was the leaf. The total of plant species that had the highest Fidelity level was 52. One of them was celery (Apium graveolens L.). The data obtained from this research was needed to create an inventory of medicinal plant species and their use by the community, so that traditional knowledge of medicinal plants could be documented and preserved
Growth and Mortality Rate of Scad (Decapterus macrosoma, Bleeker 1851) landed at Inengo Fish Landing Base, Bone Bolango, Gorontalo
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the growth pattern and mortality of Scad (Decapterus macrosoma) landed at Inengo Fish Landing Base. A total of 400 fish samples were obtained from the catches of fishers who landed their catch at the landing base using the layered random sampling method. Sampling was carried out from February to March 2021 by measuring the length and weight of the fish samples. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the FiSAT II application. The results showed that the growth pattern of D. macrosoma was positive allometric with the asymptotic length (L∞)= 279.54 mm, the coefficient of growth rate (K)= 0.49, and the theoretical age of fish (t0)= -0.18 years. The fishing mortality (F) was 2.44 per year; the natural mortality (M) was 0.43 per year; the exploitation (E) was 0.85
Kelimpahan Mikroba Tanah Asal Rizosfer Tanaman Sukulen
No full textPlant host symbiosis is close related to soil microbial abundance. Soil microbial abundance will affect soil quality and fertility, thus will improve plant growth. Studies on soil microbial abundance in succulent plant rhizosphere, especially in Indonesia, are scarce. This study aims to observe soil microorganisms' existence and their abundance on succulent plant rhizosphere. This research used two primary methods to isolate Arbuscule Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and actinomycetes. The spore extraction (soil separating) method was used to obtain AMF spores, followed by the root staining method to observe AMF infection on the plant roots. Serial dilution and pour plate method were used for isolation of Actinomycetes. The isolation results showed a high number of Actinomycetes distribution up to 3.3 x 106 Actinomycetes CFU/g from the plant Echinocactus grusonii, while AMF spores displayed the most elevated number up to 47 spore/25g from the plant Deuterocohnia sp. The percentage of AMF root infection is covered by 27,9% median. AMF identification was based on spore. The result showed an abundance presentation of Actinomycetes in each soil sample. AMF and Actinomycetes existence displayed symbiotic interaction between succulent plants and soil microorganisms. AMF and actinomycetes play the role of endophytes that help the growth of cacti, generally have a dry growing environment, and limited nutrition by this symbiotic interaction. Actinomycetes distribution in rhizospheric soil will increase plant growth-promoting factors activity. Eventually, the implications of research results are to explore the abundance and biodiversity of soil microorganisms from succulent plant rhizosphere that lacked exploration
Comparison of the Chaetodontidae Mitochondrial Genome
Full text linkThe mitochondrial genome is useful for identification because the mutation rate of mtDNA is higher than nDNA. Previous studies have carried out many analyses on the mitochondrial genome of several species, the Chaetodontidae group. Fish in this group are biological indicator fish of coral reefs, so their molecular characteristics must be enriched to conserve these fish. This article aims to review several forms of the mitochondrial genome of the Chaetodontidae group of species, including: Chaetodon speculum, Chaetodon octofasciatus, Chaetodon wiebeli, and Heniochus chrysostomus. Data were collected qualitatively by reviewing previous research articles related to the Chaetodontidae mitochondrial genome. The review focused on the characteristics of each species' mitochondrial genome, including length, overall composition, tRNA, and non-coding region. Each species exhibits various features of the mitochondrial genome and is mapped in its phylogenetic analysis
Cytotoxicity Assay of 2,4-Dihydroxide-4’-Methoxychalcone Against Cervical (HeLa) Cancer Cell by MTT Assay
Full text linkChalcone is one of the phenolic group secondary metabolic with numerous biological activity. Many studies have shown that chalcone derivatives compound has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antibacterial activities. The purpose of this research was to study the prediction potency unsaturated carbonyl system of chalcone derivative against the HeLa cell by MTT assay. Those activities assumed can inhibit the mechanism action of NF-kB that caused cervical cancer. The 2,4-dihydroxide-4’-methoxychalcone has done synthesis as a target compound by a sonochemical for 7 hours. The results showed that chalcone derivative most active against the HeLa cell.
 
Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution Patterns of Natural Enemy Insects on Chili (Capsicum annum L.) in Bincau Village, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan
Full text linkChili is a widely cultivated plant by the community because of its profit. Currently, in maintaining the quality of chili, people commonly use a lot of pesticides. In contrast, naturally, there are biological agents in the shape of natural enemy insects, more effective, and environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the diversity, abundance, and distribution patterns of natural enemy insects in chili plantation (Capsicum annum L.) at Bincau Village, Martapura District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. The sample is collected by pitfall trap, yellow pan trap, and sweep net method. Obtained data are analyzed by Shannon Wienner index (H'), Meyer abundance index, Morisita index (Id), and PCA method for environmental parameter analysis. The results showed the diversity of natural enemy insects on chili plants was moderate (H' = 2.396). Furthermore, the highest abundance in research is demonstrated on Hymenoptera order, which consisted of 9 families, 16 species, and 1,009 individuals. The distribution pattern of natural enemy insects in chili plantations is clustered (Id > 1). Based on the PCA analysis method, the temperature has the most impact on natural enemy insects' presence in this study
Deteksi Awal Aktivitas Antibakteri dari bakteri air tambak terhadap bakteri patogen akuakultur
No full textAquaculture is currently experiencing massive loss due to the outbreak of pathogenic bacteria. One of the outbreak causes is the development of pathogenic bacterial resistance to the antibacterial. The problem can be solved using microorganisms that can produce new antibacterial compounds. The purpose of this research was to obtain bacteria from fishpond water that could produce antibacterial compounds. About two out of 81 isolates could produce antibacterial compounds. Those two isolates were obtained from saltwater fishponds in North Jakarta (TS2) and Harapan Island (PHY). All fishpond water was grown in marine broth or Luria broth. Extraction of antibacterial compounds was performed using four types of solvents: chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Each of the solvents showed a different result. The extraction can only be successfully performed using chloroform and dichloromethane. Extraction using dichloromethane showed a larger inhibitory clear zone than chloroform. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PHY isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. and TS2 as Acinetobacter sp. In conclusion, isolate TS2 and PHY, which produced antibacterial compounds, showed potential use as aquaculture probiotics
The Ability of Soil Candida albicans Secreted Potential Protease and Lipase
Full text linkCandida spp secreted a different kind of extracellular enzymes. Protease and lipase are the enzymes that are commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to examine protease and lipase activity of Candida tropicalis isolated from the soil of the Medicinal Plant Garden of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia. Candida isolate was subjected to the fermentation process to obtain bioactive metabolites. The result was analyzed using ANOVA within a 5% interval of confidence, continuing with PostHoc. The result showed the Candida tropicalis metabolite giving the best proteolytic index value (0,6556 ± 0,0090) U/mL. The metabolite isolate of Candida tropicalis had the highest activity, amounting to 5,776 ± 0,495 U/mL. The best results of lipolytic index value (0,394 ± 0,053) U/mL. The Candida tropicalis metabolites produced the highest lipase enzyme after nine days of fermentation in 5.2917±0,0167 U/mL