e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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KAJIAN PEMBERIAN ANTENATAL KORTIKOSTEROID UNTUK IBU HAMIL YANG BERISIKO MELAHIRKAN BAYI PREMATUR
No full textLatar Belakang: Kelahiran prematur merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian bayi terkait dengan komplikasi yang terjadi khususnya sindrom gagal nafas. Pemberian antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) merupakan intervensi yang efektif untuk mencegah gangguan pernafasan pada bayi prematur. Cakupan pemberian ACS diperkirakan hanya 10 persen dari yang membutuhkan. Tujuan: Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data mengenai kebijakan, manfaat dan kerugian ACS, serta rekomendasi berbagai organisasi profesi terkait pemberian ACS. Metode: Data dikumpulkan melalui penelusuran data kebijakan, penelusuran literatur secara online untuk dibuat telaah secara sistematik serta pertemuan dengan narasumber dari organisasi profesi terkait. Hasil: Kebijakan yang sudah ada belum menjadi landasan hukum pemberian ACS dan belum ada prosedur teknis pelaksanaannya. ACS terbukti bermanfaat untuk membantu pematangan paru-paru pada janin sehingga mengurangi risiko komplikasi pada bayi prematur dan tidak memberikan komplikasi yang serius pada ibu. Pemberian ACS harus dilakukan sebagai satu paket komprehensif oleh tenaga kesehatan yang meliputi proses deteksi dini, pemberian tokolitik, pemberian ACS dan diikuti dengan rujukan ke fasilitas yang memadai. Pemahaman dan kompetensi tenaga kesehatan baik di rumah sakit maupun puskesmas perlu ditingkatkan dan didukung dengan peraturan yang memadai. Kesimpulan: Peningkatan cakupan pemberian ACS memerlukan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah serta peran organisasi profesi dan tenaga kesehatan
FAKTOR RISIKO OBESITAS SENTRAL PADA ORANG DEWASA UMUR 25-65 TAHUN DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA RISET KESEHATAN DASAR 2013)
No full textPrevalensi obesitas sentral pada penduduk dewasa di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan pada periode tahun 2007 sampai dengan tahun 2013. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan obesitas sentral pada orang dewasa umur 25-65 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional. Sampel adalah orang dewasa berumur 25-65 tahun dengan kriteria tidak cacat fisik dan mental, sampel wanita tidak dalam keadaan hamil. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis adalah 434.970 sampel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas sentral pada penduduk Indonesia umur 25-65 tahun sebesar 48,5 persen. Rata-rata lingkar perut responden perempuan (81,92±9,45 cm) lebih tinggi daripada laki-laki (80,17±8,80 cm). Rata-rata umur responden adalah 42,50±10,43 tahun. Dari hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan obesitas sentral adalah umur, wilayah, status ekonomi, dan aktivitas fisik. Upaya untuk mencegah dan mengendalikan obesitas harus ditekankan di daerah perkotaan dengan status ekonomi menengah ke atas dan mulai dari usia dini. Di samping itu program berbasis populasi skrining dan program intervensi diperlukan, sehingga populasi berisiko obesitas sentral menjadi prioritas dalam penanganan program pencegahan
Traditions Infl uence Into Behavior in Health Care (Ethnographic Case Study on Health Workers Muyu Tribe)
No full textBackground: Muyu Tribes have an open mind toward modernization, while still holding fast to some beliefs that often collide with each other, not to mentional so the case in the original Muyu health workers. For health workers who came from the tribe Muyu, in daily life, it seems as if stuck on the pull two poles of different beliefs, and even sometimes the opposite.Medical concepts are studied and are believed to be a health worker was overlap and collide with the belief in the concept as part of the cultural tradition of his tribe. This study was conducted to explore in depth the pull of tradition surrounding the Muyu health workers. Methods: This research is a case study carried out in depth on indigenous health workers Muyutribe. This ethnography research was conducted in Mindiptana, District Digoel. Data collection was performed by means of participant observation, in-depth interviews and document searches. Result: The research results showed the infl uence of western and migrants in some ways helped change the mindset or perspective of health workers to be able to receivethe pattern rationalistic offered. But within certain limits if health workers are stuck in the old tradition of Muyu who tend to be irrational and mystical. Conclusion: Empirical fact that their tradition Muyu Tribe (indigenous health workers Tribe Muyu) believe, they often receive repetitive, making them not to circumvent these beliefs. Although, rationalistic culture completely different they have learned indifferent practice. Recommendation: Appropriate supervision can be a task thatshould be done by health personnel
The Infl uence of Empowering TB (Tuberculosis) Patients’ Family on Capability of Implementing The Family Health Task in Martapura and Astambul Public Health Center Areas in Banjar District
No full textBackground: Pulmonary tuberculosis healing takes a long time. These were any problems that often occurs in the care and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. Family members should be empowered to be able to carry out the duties of health, to avoid mistakes in patient care at home. Methods: This study aims to analyze the infl uence of family empowerment Pulmonary TB sufferers of the ability of the family in carrying out the tasks of family health. The study design was Quasy-experiment research Nonequivalent control group design. Each group of interventing and control consist of 16 people. The family empowerment activities were conducted 3 times a week for visits at interval of one day. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon Singed Ranks Test and Mann-Whitney Test. Results: Intervention results showed that the ability to carry out family health tasks which includes most of the known health problems (87.5%) category of good, take the right decisions most of the action (62.5%) categories of good, giving care to sick family (100%) categories of good, maintaining physical environments that support health home (100%) categories of good, using the majority of health facilities (93.8%) categories of good. Statistical test results obtained family empowerment pulmonary TB patients can improve the ability of family task of family health (p=0.001). Conclusion: Family empowerment affect the family ability to carry out family health tasks to prevent, to care and to cure pulmonary tuberculosis, which includes the known health problems, take the right decisions, giving care to sick family, maintaining physical environments that support health home, using the majority of health facilities. Recommendation: Health workers are expected to increase health education, especially for newly diagnosed patients with positive pulmonary TB
Calculation of Nursing Staff Using Full Time Equivalent in Adi Husada Undaan Wetan Hospital Surabaya
No full textBackground: Full Time Equivalent (FTE) is one among many methods used to calculate number of hospital nursing staff needs. FTE expressed as a method that can improve the quality of health services, community satisfaction and personnel (nurses). This prompted Adi Husada Undaan Wetan (RSAH UW) Hospital whichusing Indonesian Ministry of Health (MOH) 2005, considering FTE to determine the number of nurses in the inpatient unit. On the use of FTE, RSAH UW Hospital meetsseveral obstacles, and objectives of this research is to reveal the obstacles on the FTE method and determine the compatible method for RSAH UW Hospital. Methods: The method used in this research is calculate the number of nurses using FTE method, then do a comparison with number of nurses that were determined by MOH 2005 method. Result: The outcome showed that FTE method’s resultis less than MOH 2005 method, this occurs because lack of data on the average hours of care and the projected number of days for patients in inpatient unit. FTE method also doesn’t consider the skills and work experience of each nurse. Conclusion: Even though the FTE method can improve the quality of service, community satisfaction and nurses, but there are obstacles in the implementation of the calculation, so it can be concluded FTE method is not always an option. Recommendation: The method that hospital used must be adapted to the conditions and needs of the hospital
Resistensi Malathion dan Aktivitas Enzim Esterase Pada Populasi Nyamuk Aedes aegypti di Kabupaten Pekalongan
No full textPekalongan regency, Central Java (Indonesia) is one of area which experienced with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) incidence since many years ago. The extensive use of insecticides for dengue vector control has been carried out for long period in Pekalongan Regency. This fact stimulate the need to study the resistence status and esterase enzyme avtivity of Aedes aegypti to Malathion. The research was conducted in April-November 2014. Insecticide susceptibility assays were performed on F1 generation of wild-caught adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Simbangkulon Village Buaran Sub district, Kedungwuni Barat Village Kedungwuni Sub dsitrict and Karangsari Village Karanganyar Sub district, with the diagnostic doses of malathion (0,8%). Esterase enzyme activity of these mosquitoes was tested biochemically to find out the mechanisms of resistance to Malathion. Mosquitoes mortality as a result of Malathion effect showed variation in range from 3.33 to 13.75% in all study sites. That result indicated that Ae.aegypti mosquitoes are resistant to Malathion in all study sites . Based on biochemical assays, there was an increase if esterase enztyme activity of Ae aegypti in all study sites.. Therefore, alpha esterase enzyme activity could be associated with the mechanisms which responsible to malathion resistance in Ae. aegypti in Pekalongan. The results of this study provided the information about the malathion resistance status of Ae. aegypti in Pekalongan, and biochemical mechanisms which essential for monitoring the insecticide resistance in this area
Gambaran Bakteriologis Lalat dan Culicidae (Ordo: Diptera) di Lingkungan Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu
No full textFlies (Diptera) are the important vector for food transmitted disease transmitted due to they spread from their body surfaces to the human food mechanically. Their fully body surfaces of hairs-like structure were good carrier for pathogens. Meanwhile, the monitoring and surveillance program were not held completely and periodicaly. This survey aimed to identify the diversity of flies and bacteriological information of their body surface. The information can be discuss for policy program. The survey was conducted in June 2015, in the area of Zoonoses Research Office of T anah Bumbu precisely in the staff housing area. Flies trapped then identified, dissected and cultured aseptically to determined existence of bacteria on the part of their body. Result showed that most of the flies contained bacteria on almost all of the part of body surface. The sanitation improvement became meant recomendation to control of these flies. Lalat (Diptera) merupakan vektor penting penyakit yang ditularkan melalui makanan karena mereka dapat menyebarkan penyakit secara mekanis ke makanan yang dikonsumsi manusia. Permukaan tubuhnya yang dipenuhi dengan struktur seperti rambut halus menjadi media pembawa yang sesuai bagi organisme patogen. Kegiatan monitoring dan surveilans keberadaan lalat masih kurang, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keragaman lalat dan gambaran bakteriologis pada bagian tubuh lalat yang ditangkap. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2015 di lingkungan Balai Litbang P2B2 T anah Bumbu tepatnya di lingkungan perumahan pegawai Balai Litbang P2B2 T anah Bumbu. Lalat dan nyamuk ditangkap, diidentifikasi, dibedah, dan dikultur secara aseptis untuk menentukan keberadaan bakteri pada bagian tubuhnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa lalat yang ditemukan sebagian besar mengandung bakteri di hampir semua bagian tubuhnya. Perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan menjadi rekomendasi utama dalam pengendalian serangga ini. Flies (Diptera) are the important vector for food transmitted disease transmitted due to they spread from their body surfaces to the human food mechanically. Their fully body surfaces of hairs-like structure were good carrier for pathogens. Meanwhile, the monitoring and surveillance program were not held completely and periodicaly. This survey aimed to identify the diversity of flies and bacteriological information of their body surface. The information can be discuss for policy program. The survey was conducted in June 2015, in the area of Zoonoses Research Office of Tanah Bumbu precisely in the staff housing area. Flies trapped then identified, dissected and cultured aseptically to determined existence of bacteria on the part of their body. Result showed that most of the flies contained bacteria on almost all of the part of body surface. The sanitation improvement became meant recomendation to control of these flies. Lalat (Diptera) merupakan vektor penting penyakit yang ditularkan melalui makanan karena mereka dapat menyebarkan penyakit secara mekanis ke makanan yang dikonsumsi manusia. Permukaan tubuhnya yang dipenuhi dengan struktur seperti rambut halus menjadi media pembawa yang sesuai bagi organisme patogen. Kegiatan monitoring dan surveilans keberadaan lalat masih kurang, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keragaman lalat dan gambaran bakteriologis pada bagian tubuh lalat yang ditangkap. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2015 di lingkungan Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu tepatnya di lingkungan perumahan pegawai Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu. Lalat dan nyamuk ditangkap, diidentifikasi, dibedah, dan dikultur secara aseptis untuk menentukan keberadaan bakteri pada bagian tubuhnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa lalat yang ditemukan sebagian besar mengandung bakteri di hampir semua bagian tubuhnya. Perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan menjadi rekomendasi utama dalam pengendalian serangga ini.
Isolat Lokal Bacillus thuringiensis dari Habitat Tanah di Hutan Kampus Universitas Cenderawasih dan Toksisitasnya terhadap Larva Nyamuk Culex
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat lokal Bacillus thuringiensis dari habitat tanah pada hutan pembelajaran kampus Uncen Waena,Papua,Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2011,juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas isolat B.thuringiensis lokal terhadap jentik nyamuk Culex.pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 20 lokasi dan setiap lokasi diambil 5 titik dengan jarak 50 cm. Isolat B. thuringiensis yang diperoleh dari tanah diuji toksisitasnya terhadap 20 jentik nyamuk Culex. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 100 sampel tanah yang diambil di peroleh 290 isolat dan 19 diantaranya toksik terhadap jentik Culex sp,kematian > 50%
PERAN LATIHAN TANGAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME PADA PEREMPUAN PEKERJA GARMEN
Get PDFAbstract Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the commonest cumulative traumatic disorder causedby medianus nerve entrapment in carpal tunnel at the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome is related to repetitivebiomechanical movement in hand at work. To prevent CTS, workers can do the job conditioning, performstretching exercises, and take frequent rest breaks. Objectives: to evaluate the role of hand exercise to thesymptom of CTS among female garment workers. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at3 garment factories in Jakarta 2004, in 10 months period. Respondents were female workers aged 17 to 40,divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group was trained to do hand exercise,4 times in 4 months. After training, the respondent should practice it regularly, twice a day, and 3 times aweek in the workplace. The hand exercise practice was evaluated by questionnaire and self control card.The symptoms of CTS were assessed using The NIOSH (The National Institute for Occupational Safetyand Health) criteria for CTS. Results: Amount of subject 201 workers were in the intervention group and126 workers were in the control group. After the intervention, the symptom of CTS such as paresthesia andweakness significantly decreased in the intervention group (p=0,0001 and p=0,01), but the symptom ofCTS such as numbness and pain did not significantly decrease (p>0,05). After the intervention, all of theCTS symptom did not decrease in control group (p>0,05) .Conclusions: Doing the hand exercise regularlycan prevent the symptoms of CTS. The employer should support their workers to do the hand exercise inthe workplace.Keywords: hand exercise, carpal tunnel syndrome, female garment worker. Abstrak Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) adalah salah satu kelainan akibattrauma berulangyang paling sering terjadi disebabkan terjebaknya saraf medianusdi dalam terowongan karpalpada pergelangan tangan. Carpal tunnel syndrome berhubungan dengan gerakan biomekanik berulangpada tangan saat bekerja. Untuk mencegahCTS, pekerja perlu melakukan penyesuaian tugas, latihan peregangan, dan beristirahatpada jam istirahat.Tujuan penelitian adalah menilai peranan latihan tangan terhadap gejalaCTS pada pekerja garmen perempuan. Metoda penelitian adalahquasi ekperimenyang dilaksanakanpada 3 perusahaan garmendi Jakarta, selama10 bulan.Ada 2 kelompok penelitian yaitu kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol,yang tidak sedang menderitaCTS berdasarkankriteria NIOSH (The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). Pada kelompok intervensi diberikan pelatihan tentang latihan tangan sebanyak4 kali dalam4 bulan. Setelah pelatihan, responden diminta melakukan praktek latihan tangandi tempat kerja secara teratur2 kali sehari,3 kali seminggu. Praktek latihan tangan dievaluasi menggunakan kuesioner dan kartu kontrol diri. Hasil: Responden berjumlah327 orang (kelompok intervensi201 orang dan kelompok kontrol126 orang). Dibandingkan sebelum intervensi, gejalaCTS seperti kesemutan dan kelemahanpada saat setelah intervensi menurun secara bermaknapada kelompok intervensi(p=0,0001 dan p=0,01), namum gejala baal dan nyeri didapatkan tidak berbeda(p>0,05). Pada kelompok kontrol tidak ada penurunan dari semua gejalaCTS (p>0,0Kesimpulan: Latihan tangan secara teratur dapat mencegah terjadinya gejalaCTS. Saran: Pimpinan perusahaan sebaiknya mendukung pekerjanya untuk melakukan latihan tangandi tempat kerja.Kata Kunci: latihan tangan,carpal tunnel syndrome, perempuan pekerja garme