e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KABOLA, KABUPATEN ALOR, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (NTT) TAHUN 2014
No full textIn last three years, Malaria cases in District Kabola was fluctuating. There was 414 Malaria cases in 2011, decreased into 107 in 2012, and increased into 327 in 2013. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of people's behavior, socio-economic factors and the use of netting with the incidence of malaria in Kabola Village. This is an analytical research with cross - sectional design and 180 people were taken as a sample of 327 people. This research use probability sampling with Stratified Random Sampling method. Result showed that there is a relationship between education (p = 0,017), income (p = 0,007), knowledge (p = 0,016), attitude (p = 0,000), action (p = 0,012), and the use of mosquito nets (p = 0,021) with Malaria incidence. Meanwhile, occupation (p = 0,063) has nothing to do with Malaria incidence. In conclusion, Malaria incidence has relationship with education, income, knowledge, attitudes, actions, and the use of mosquito nets, while occupation has nothing to do with malaria incidence. It is recommended that health care providers (health centers, Pustu, Polindes, and Posyandu) have to give more information/ counseling about prevention, eradication, and malaria handling
POLA PENYEBAB KEMATIAN KELOMPOK BAYI DAN ANAK BALITA, HASIL SISTEM REGISTRASI KEMATIAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2012
No full textABSTRACTThe activities of recording and reporting causes of death through Mortality Registration System, whichcarried out regularly, complete, and pfocedurally will be able to provide reliable information to assessintervention activity against prevention of disease. This paper aim to find out the pattern of leading of causeof death in infant and underfive children. Study location selected in 12 districts/cities spread all overIndonesia. Sample taken from secondary data selected by stratified random sampling through 3 phases:phase 1, Indonesia is divided into 5 regions. Phase 2, each region is divided according to the City andCounty. Phase 3, each/city district good and poor performance stratified based on IPKM and 30 percent ofthe total sample for the City and 70 percent for the county are randomly selected. The sample size wascalculated using the life table (strata of death) with a high level of child and adult mortality, with a range of95% and a relative standard error of 15%. The sample size is approximately 2 million per region. Thenumber of deaths of infants (0-I years) is 1517 deaths and children under 5 years are 332 deaths. Theproportion of neonatal deaths are 56 percent of total deaths 0-5 years, post- neonatal mortality 10.6 percentof the total deaths 0-5 years. The proportion of children deaths are 1.3 percent of the total deaths. The causeof death of newborus up to 6 days old are low birth weight (21.3 percent), asphyxia (17.3 percent), Respiratory Distress of Newborn(RDS) (11 percent) and 5.9' percent of neonatal sepsis. The highest causeof death of infants aged 7-28 days is pneumonia (34.5 percent), followed by neonatal sepsis (10.2 percent), congenital abnormalities (8.6 percent). The cause of death in infants aged 29 days to 11 months wasdominated by infectious diseases such as pneumonia (29.5 percent) and diarrhea (11 percent). The cause ofdeath of children agedIto 4 years dominated by pneumonia (12.3 percent) and diarrhea (8.7 percent). Ingeneral the highest proportion of cause of death on infant and children under five years are pneumonia anddiarrhea.Keywords: Cause of death, infant and under five, year 2012 ABSTRAKKegiatan pencatatan penyebab kematian melalui sistem registrasi kematian yang dilaksanakan secara rutin,lengkap dan balk akan mampu memberikan masukan yang dapat dipercaya untuk menilai kegiatanintervensi pencegahan penyakit. Makalah ini bertujuan mengetahui pola penyakit penyebab kematian padakelompok bayi dan balita. Lokasi penelitian di 12 kabupaten/kota yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Sampel berasal dari data sekunder yang dipilih denganstratified random samplingmelalui 3 tahap: tahap I,Indonesia dibagi menjadi 5 region/wilayah. Tahap 2, masing-masing region dibagi menurut kota dan kabupaten. Tahap masing-masing kabupaten/kota dilakukan stratifikasi baik dan buruk berdasarkanIndeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) dan dipilih secara acak 30 persen dari jumlah sampeluntuk Kota dan 70 persen untuk kabupaten. Besar sampel dihitung menggunakanlife table (stratakematian) dengan strata tinggi untuk kematian anak dan dewasa, dengan rentang kepercayaan 95% danstandar error relatif 15%. Besar sampel kurang lebih 2 juta per region. Jumlah kematian bayi (0-1 tahun)1517 kematian dan jumlah kematian balita 332. Proporsi kematian neonatal 56 persen dan kematian postneonatal 10,6 persen dari total kematian 0-5 tahun. Proporsi kematian anak balita 1,3 persen dari totalseluruh kematian. Penyebab kematian bayi bane lahir sampai dengan umur 6 hari adalah berat lahir rendah(21,3 persen), asfiksia (17,3 persen), Respiratory Distress of Newborn(RDS) (11 persen) dan sepsisneonatorum 5,9 persen. Penyebab kematian bayi berumur 7-28 hari tertinggi adalah pneumonia (34,5persen), diikuti dengan sepsis neonatorum (10,2 persen), kelainan kongenital (8,6 persen). Penyebabkematian pada bayi berumur 29 hari sampai dengan 11 bulan didominasi oleh penyakit infeksi sepertipneumonia, diare yaitu sebesar 29,5 persen dan 11 persen. Penyebab kematian anak berumur 1 tahun sampai dengan 4 tahun didominasi oleh pneumonia (12,3 persen) dan diare (8,7 persen). Secara umumkematian tertinggi pada bayi dan anak balita adalah pneumonia dan diare.Kata kunci: Pemeriksaan kehamilan, PONED, Karawan
NEMATODA PADA KATAK DI DAERAH PERSAWAHAN DAN SEKITAR HUTAN DI JAWA BARAT
No full textABSTRACTResearch on the parasitic•nematodes on frogs was conducted in the area of West Java, i.e . Cibadak,Cugenang (rice fields), Mount Gede-Pangrango and Selabintana (the area around the forest). A total of 69frogs consisted of 11 Fejervaria limnocharis, 27 F. cancrivora, 14 Rana chalconota, 4 R. kuhli, 7 R. hosii,5 Huia mansoni and 1 Limnonectes microdiscus were observed for nematodes. The obtained nematodeswere Raillietnema rachophory, Seuratascaris numidica, Cocmocerca ornate, Meteterakis sp., Gendria spdan Rhabdias sp. Nematodes observed with a scanning electron microscope (JSM-531OLV) were fixedwith glutaraldehyde buffer solution, kaksodilat, and tanat acid; dehydrated with gradual alcoholconcentrations; and then dried using Freezed Drier. Generally, 24 frogs (34.7%) out of 69 frogs wereinfected by nematodes.Keywords: Nematode, frogs, West Java ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang.parasit nematoda pada katak telah dilakukan di daerah Jawa barat yaitu di desa cibadak,Cugenang (persawahan). Gunung Gede-Pangrango dan Salabintana (daerah hutan). Jumlah total katak yangdiperoleh sebanyak 69 ekor terdiri dari 11 Fejervaria limnocharis, 27 F. cancrivora, 14 Rana chalconota, 4R. kuhli, 7 R. hosii, 5 Huia mansoni and 1 Limnonectes microdiscus nematode yang diamati. Penelitiantentang nematode dari jenis Raillietnema rachophory, Seuratascaris numidica, Cocmocerca ornate,Meteterakis sp., Gendria sp dan Rhabdias sp. Nematoda yang diamati dengan mikroskop elektron (JSM-5310LV) difiksasi dengan larutan penyangga glutaraldehyde, kaksodilat dan asam tanat, didehidrasi denganalkohol konsentrasi bertingkat, kemudian dikeringkan dengan menggunakan pengering beku (FreezedDrier). Secara umum dari 69 ekor katak yang diperiksa sebanyak 24 ekor (34,78%) terinfeksi nematoda.Kata kunci: Nematoda, kodok, jawa bara
FAKTOR DETERMINAN TERJADINYA TUBERKULOSIS DI INDONESIA, 2007
No full textAbstract. The World Health Organization (WHO) in its Annual Report on Global TB Control 2006 statesthat Indonesia was estimated to have the third highest number of TB cases after India and China. Tuberculosis (TB) was ranked number 2 in cause of mortality (7.5%) after Stroke from all cause of death inIndonesian based on the Basic Health Research 2007. Risk factors may influence the high number of TB in Indonesia are namelyenviromental factor (ventilation, household density), malnutrition, diabetic mellitus,and some diseases that decreasing human immunity. Smoking cigarette can increase theprogresity of lungTB and fibrosis. Some research found that people with DM would develop TB 20 times comparing people withouth DM. Therefore, the aim of this article is toanalyase factors influencing TB in Indonesia.This artcle uses Basic Health Research 2007 that consisting 280,000 household sample and 17,500 census block. Every household member aged 10 years and above was asked who ever diagnosed TB by healthprovider in the last year before the survey. By usingunivariate, bivariate andmulivariate analysis some risk factors influencing TB are found in Indonesia 2007. Based on the last model, diabetic mellitus is the mostvariable influencing TB in Indonesia followed by age, education, household economic status, smokingcigarette, household density and sex. Respondent with DM had TB 3.9 times (Odds ratio= 3.9, P=0.000 andCI 95%) compared to non DM; Respondent aged 55 years and above had TB 2.5 times Odds ratio= 2.5,P=0.000 and CI 95%) compared to aged below 35 years; Less educated respondent had TB 1.5 times (Oddsratio= 1.5, P=0.000 and CI 95%) compared to high educated respondent; respondent with smoking cigarettehad opportunity to have TB 1.3 times (Odds ratio= 1.3, P=0.000 and CI 95%) than respondent withoutsmoking. Also respondents living with dense household had TB 1.2 times (Odds ratio= 1.2, P=0.000 and CI 95%). Males hadoppotunity to have TB than females. It seems that many risk factors may influence TB inIndonesia, not only socio-economic issues but also life style. The government should focus on preventionby educating people how to live healthy life such asconsumming healthy food and not smoking
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR SOSIAL DEMOGRAFI DAN KEGEMUKAN PADA PENDUDUK DEWASA DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2007 DAN 2010 (ANALISIS DATA RISKESDAS 2007 DAN 2010)
No full textKegemukan tidak lagi hanya menjadi masalah di negara maju tetapi bahkan kegemukan meningkat drastis di negara miskin dan berkembang. Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang dan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang pesat, distribusi sosial dan dampaknya harus di monitor dan tidak bisa diabaikan seiring dengan waktu. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk menghindari intervensi yang salah sasaran dan mengurangi ketidakefektifan suatu program. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesamaan karakteristik demografi apa saja yang membuat kelompok rentan terhadap kegemukan baik pada tahun 2007 dan 2010. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif baik secara deskriptif dan analitik. Data dalam analisis ini adalah data sekunder hasil Riskesdas tahun 2007 dan 2010. Sampel adalah penduduk Indonesia berusia >18-55 tahun. Total sampel data Riskesdas 2007 adalah 455.890 dan 132.934 (2010). Sedangkan total sampel dalam analisis ini adalah sebanyak 408.351 (2007) dan 125.563 (2010) setelah diekslusi. Kriteria gemuk didasarkan pada perhitungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) lebih dari sama dengan 25. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik pada tahun 2007 dan 2010, wanita, menikah, status sosial ekonomi yang lebih tinggi, bekerja sebagai PNS / karyawan / TNI/Polri dan tinggal di daerah perkotaan adalah faktor-faktor penentu obesitas tampaknya menjadikan kelompok tersebut paling rentan terhadap obesitas. Oleh karena itu, program kesehatan masyarakat harus mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor ini ketika merencanakan strategi untuk mencegah atau mengurangi masalah obesitas
Job stress and risk of menstrual duration disorder in female civilian flight attendants in Indonesia
No full textAbstrak Latar belakang: Gangguan durasi haid pada pramugari dapat mengganggu performa kerja. Tujuan penelitianadalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang terhadap gangguan durasi haid pada pramugari.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan sampling purposif dilakukan pada pramugari berusia 19–50 tahunyang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Garuda Sentra Medikatanggal 18–29 Mei 2015. Gangguan durasi haid ialah durasi haid lebih dari 8 hari dan/atau lebih pendek daribiasa (3–5 hari). Stres diidentifikasi dengan kriteria National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthGeneric Job Stress Questionnaire Mental Demands Form Number 11. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi Cox.Hasil: Di antara 521 pramugari sebanyak 393 setuju berpartisipasi, 19 dieksklusi karena menderita gangguandurasi haid sebelum bekerja, sehingga diperoleh 374 subyek untuk analisis, dan 35,8% di antaranya menderitagangguan durasi haid. Stres kerja, jenis penerbangan dan usia merupakan faktor risiko dominan terhadapgangguan durasi haid. Pramugari dengan stres kerja memiliki risiko menderita gangguan durasi haid 58%lebih tinggi [risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 1,58; interval kepercayaan (CI) = 0,96-2,62; P = 0,071]. Pramugaridengan jenis penerbangan jarak jauh dalam tiga bulan terakhir memiliki risiko 69% lebih tinggi mengalamigangguan durasi haid (RRa=1,69; CI=1,17-2,43). Pramugari berumur 30–39 tahun memiliki risiko gangguandurasi haid 50% lebih rendah (RRa = 0,50; 95% CI = 0,22-1,02; P = 0,057).Kesimpulan: Pramugari dengan stres kerja, jenis penerbangan jarak jauh dalam tiga bulan terakhir, danberusia 19–24 tahun memiliki risiko lebih tinggi gangguan durasi haid.(Health Science Journal of Indonesia2015;6:87-91)Kata kunci: durasi haid, stres kerja, pramugari, Indonesia AbstractBackground: Menstrual duration disorder may cause impaired work performance. The research objectivewas to identify risk factors related to menstrual duration disorder in female flight attendants.Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling was conducted on civilian female flightattendants age 19–50 years who underwent routine medical examination at Civil Aviation Medical Centerand Garuda Sentra Medika, Jakarta on May 18-29 2015. Menstrual duration disorder is menstruation morethan 8 days and/or shorter than usual perid (3-5 days). Stress was identified by usingcriteria of NationalInstitute for Occupational Safety and Health Generic Job Stress Questionnaire Mental Demands FormNumber 11. Relative risk was analyzed usng Cox regression.Results: Among 521 female civilian flight attendants, 393 were willing to participate in this study. Nineteensubjects were excluded, leaving 374 subjects for this analysis, and 35.8% of subjects had menstrualduration disorder. Job stress, flight type and age were dominant risk factors for menstrual duration disorder.Subjects with job stress and long haul flight within three months had higher risk for having menstrualduration disorder by 58% [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.58; confidence interval (CI) = 0.96-2.62; P =0.071] and 69% (RRa = 1.69; CI = 1.17-2.43) respectively. Those between aged 30-39 years had 50% hadless risk of having menstrual duration disorder (RRa=0.50; 95% CI = 0.22-1.02; P = 0.057).Conclusion: Female civilian flight attendants with job stress, long haul flight within three months and youngerage had higher risk to be menstrual duration disorder. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2015;6:87-91)Key words: menstrual duration, job stress, female civilian flight attendant, Indonesi
ANCAMAN HIV PADA REMAJA DI TANAH PAPUA, 2006
No full textIndonesia's HIV epidemic is classified as low epidemic in general, however since 2000 in somehigh risk groups population classified as concentrated which HIV prevalence tend to increase. In Papuaand West Papua, the increase of the disease is growing further that has been reaching generalizedclassification. This article is the describe the characteristic of HIV status in general population in Papua andWest Papua and focused on adolescent risk behavior. The data is obtained from community based of theIntegrated Behavioral and Biological Surveillance Survey (IBBS) 2006 in 10 districts in Papua and WestPapua (Tanah Papua) with 6500 target population (97% of response rate) age 15-49 years old. In theseanalysis, the age characteristic of population is divided into four categories namely 15-19, 20-24 and 25-34and 35+. These analysis found that only halve of the population have heard about HIV/AIDS. The mainfinding was that youngest ages 15-19 years old, male, no education and living in the remote areas tend tohave high HIV positive. The other finding was that people who ever commit high risk sexual activities havehigh HIV positive. The findings of this study raise concern about risk behavior of HIV transmission amongadolescent. Knowledge on HIV/AIDS, the transmission and condom use should be introduced sinceyounger ages among people in Papua especially in remote area
TAHAPAN ELIMINASI MALARIA DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN ARU PROVINSI MALUKU, TAHUN 2014
No full textMalaria cases in Aru Islands district is remain high in 2013, shown by high number of clinical malaria patients (1.617 person), 620 person were laboratory confirmed, 14 of them was pregnant women. This study was aimed to assess the condition of the public health center (Puskesmas) in order to eliminate malaria in Indonesia by 2030. Study was a documents observation and in-depth interviews in charge of malaria and other relevant officials in the District Health Office (DHO) in October 2014. Study was designed by cross sectional. Information on human resources (HR), facilities and budgets and territorial obtained by questionnaire tool prepared for mentoring troubled areas of health (PDBK) 2014. The results shown that both morbidity and suspected malaria evenly in each Puskesmas. Malaria control program in the form of distribution of mosquito nets and RDTs examination in Puskesmas were already done. Theworkers who handle malaria were not distributed well, even for health analysts were still lacking. Facilities were concentrated in Dobo Puskesmas and public hospitals. This study recommends the need of microscopic health analyst as well as research to improve the report system and evaluation of the effectiveness of the mosquito net usage
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS’ SUPPORT FOR EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG TEXTILE INDUSTRY LABORERS IN JAKARTA
No full textBackground: The opportunity of woman laborers to exclusively breastfeed remains challenging. One factor that may help extend breastfeeding duration is better support from health care professionals. Objective: This study aims to explore a range of healthcare professionals’ experiences and perceptions of breastfeeding support provided to textile industry laborers in Jakarta. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted towards 27 textile industry laborers having infants aged 6-12 months and two community health workers from two different Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in Jakarta. Sampling was done purposively from a textile company and randomly selected by screening to the community located close to industry area. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview was done towards laborers and community health professionals to gain information about care and supports given. Data analysis involved content analysis and triangulation from two types of participant.Results: Health professionals who were mainly midwives reported very positive and supportive support to mothers as well as provided various services and health care, such as counseling and prenatal classes. Conclusion: Health care professionals’ support for textile industry laborers in Jakarta was sufficient. Health professionals are expected to provide information to family, build partnerships between health professionals, peer counselors and breastfeeding support groups, and also assist employers to become more breastfeeding friendly