e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RISIKO ANEMIA PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR DI RUMAH TANGGA MISKIN DI KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA DAN CIAMIS, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
No full textAbstract Background: Anemia in women of reproductive age remains a nutritional problem in developing countries, especially among poor households. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) in poor households. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional. The research was conducted in June-July 2011 in two selected districts, namely Tasikmalaya and Ciamis, West Java Province. A sample was 146 WRA of poor households in 24 villages selected peri-urban. The inclusion criteria include healthy WRA age 15-35 years, did not suffer serious illness (chronic or acute), severe anemia (<7 g / dl), and had been wiling to participate in research by signing an informed consent. While, the exclusion criteria were WRA who were still breastfeeding, and WRA are pregnant Results: The prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (hemoglobin level <12 g / dl) in this study was 9.6 percent. The women of reproductive age with low ferritin status were 4.01 times likely to become anemic (95% CI: 1.03-15.48) compared with those with sufficient ferritin status after being controlled by vitamin A status and age. Conclusion: This study showed that there was a relationship between serum ferritin with anemia in women of reproductive age in poor households.Keywords: risk factors, anemia, women of reproductive age, poor household Abstrak Latar belakang: Anemia pada wanita usia subur masih merupakan masalah gizi di negara berkembang, terutama pada rumahtangga miskin. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko anemia pada wanita usia subur (WUS) di rumahtangga miskin. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan Ciamis. Sampel sebanyak 146 WUS dari rumahtangga miskin di 24 desa peri-urban yang terpilih. Kriteria inklusi meliputi WUS yang sehat, usia 15-35 tahun, tidak menderita penyakit serius (kronis atau akut), dan tidak mengalami anemia yang serius (<7 g/dl), dan bersedia ikut dalam penelitian. Hasil: Prevalensi anemia WUS (kadar hemoglobin <12 g/dl) pada peneltian ini sebesar 9,6 persen. Pada WUS dengan status feritin yang kurang berisiko untuk menjadi anemia sebesar 4,01 kali (95% CI: 1,03-15,48) dibandingkan dengan WUS dengan status feritin yang cukup setelah dikontrol oleh variabel status vitamin A dan umur. Kesimpulan: Adanya hubungan antara serum feritin dengan anemia pada wanita usia subur di rumah tangga miskin setelah dikontrol oleh status vitamin A dan umur.Kata kunci: faktor risiko, anemia, wanita usia subur, rumah tangga miski
The Availability and Properness of The Health Care Facilities for Waste Handling Based on Indonesian Topography and Geo
No full textBackground: medical facilities research (Rifakes) 2011 was performed to know a comprehensive image about thegovernment health care facilities as a plan in medical service development that fi ts with the society needs. Although healthcenter was already available, but the availability and the properness of the health care facilities were not spread evenly,such as waste handling facilities. The aim of this research is analyzing the availability and the properness of waste handlingin health center based on demography and geography in Indonesia. Methods: This research is a secondary data analysisof Rifakes 2011 about the availability and the properness of waste handling in health center. The data analysis was donein univariat and bivariat. The correlation between the properness of waste handling and the isolation of an area was testedwith spearmann correlation. The correlation between the properness of waste handling of health care in archipelago and ofthat in frontier area was tested with mann whitney test. Results: More than a half ( 66,8%) of the waste handling of healthcenter is already available, yet with improper category ( 72,7% ). There is a signifi cant correlation between the propernessof waste handling with a location topography ( isolation area, archipelago, and frontier area ). The improper waste handlingis especially in rural area with 80, 6%, whereas in city with 5,7%. Conclusion: There is a signifi cant correlation between theproperness of waste handling in health center with topographical and geographical condition. Recommendation: Wastemanagement in health centers should be more serious attention and handling, availability WWTP, feasibility of handlingthe waste, and if possible waste minimalisali clinic
Dental Health Behavior in the Prevention of Pulmonary TB at Health Centre in Several Provinces
No full textBackground: Pulmonary TB is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by bacteria. Dental health professionals such as dentists and dental nurses are in charge of health personnel to prevent, treat, cure, teeth the mouth, so as not to arise or aggravate toothache. In doing their job as dental health workers is expected to use gloves or masks, and always wash their hands to avoid the transmission of pulmonary TB disease. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted involving 78 dental health professionals in 50 primary health centers that were chosen in six districts in three provinces of Banten, South Kalimantan and Gorontalo. Data were obtained by interviews and processed using SPSSResults: More than 90% dental health workers in work wore masks gloves and washed their hands after work. There was a signifi cant relationship between exercise with dental health professionals with a p value of 0.007, which means a signifi cant. Conclusion: In performing their duties, dental health workers have already used personal protective equipment such asmasks, gloves, and washed their hands and did enough exercise. Recommendation: need to increase knowledge about pulmonary TB in dental health professionals
Housing Environment Health Effects on the Incidence Rate of Dengue Haemorragic Fever Based on Generalized Poisson Regression Models at West Java (Riskesdas’ further Analysis 2013)
No full textBackground: Dengue incidence has increased since 2000, in 2013 Incidence Rate of Dengue reached 50.55%o.Oneof the factors increase on the cases of disease is a residential community environment health. This study was aimed toanalize housing environment health effects on the Incidence Rate of DHF at West Java in 2013. Methods: Analysis ofsecondary data using Poisson regression test.The population in study is all common household residing in the 27 districtof West Java, and the samples that is 958 BS with 23.694 household (RR 98,9%). Results: of the analysis of environmenthealth component effects of the incidence rate of DHF is waste handling manner, waste water disposal, container driningmanner and with models Y = exp.(5,290 + 0,023 P7 + 0,006 P8–0,008 P11). Physical environment components thataffects the incidence rate of DHF is the use of the living room, and its ventilation with models Y = exp.(2,088 + 0,073 P24 +0,023 P27). Conclusion: According to GPR model physical environment education is assosiated to incidence of Dengue.Recommendation: We needs to educate people about the physical environment in residential areas in terms of arrangementof the room, ventilation and administration of environmental health that dengue cases in West Java may be on tap
The Contribution of Public Health Center to Reducing Maternal Mortality
No full textBackgroud: The health problems can be described on the number of Maternal Mortality (MMR), the higher of MMR toindication of so many health problems. Maternal mortality is closely related to access of quality health care. Quality access willprovide opportunities for mothers to get prenatal care, aid delivery, and good treatment. Public health care is health facilitiesearly referral of maternal care in villages, and then Public health care will be referred to a PONEK hospital if necessary.Objective: To knows the difference that maternal health services are carried out in PONED and non PONED Public healthcenters. Methods: To combine datas of Village Potential 2011, Maternal Mortality Follow-Up Study of Population Census2012 and Research Health Facilities 2011 for analysis. Field confi rmation in two health centers and two hospitals in Bekasiand Bogor cities for cases maternal death of during pregnancy, during childbirth, miscarriage, and after birth (postnatal).Results: The hospitals can prevent maternal death during pregnancy or during childbirth. At public health care, the risk formaternal death during childbirth is higher than postnatal OR = 1.9 (CI: 1.22 to 3.0), maternal death during pregnancy andmiscarriage in PONED is higher than Non PONED but not signifi cant (p > 0.05). At public health care not PONED, birthattendants is a factor in the recommendation to referral (p < 0.05). Conclution: The hospital facilities are able to PONEKthe best services for mothers who need obstetric treatment. The midwives are important to reducing maternal mortality,they should be closer access to birth attendants and to perform appropriate referrals. Recommendation: The hospitalsare need to be reinforced services capable PONEK and within easy reach from public health centers.Backgroud: The health problems can be described on the number of Maternal Mortality (MMR), the higher of MMR toindication of so many health problems. Maternal mortality is closely related to access of quality health care. Quality access willprovide opportunities for mothers to get prenatal care, aid delivery, and good treatment. Public health care is health facilitiesearly referral of maternal care in villages, and then Public health care will be referred to a PONEK hospital if necessary.Objective: To knows the difference that maternal health services are carried out in PONED and non PONED Public healthcenters. Methods: To combine datas of Village Potential 2011, Maternal Mortality Follow-Up Study of Population Census2012 and Research Health Facilities 2011 for analysis. Field confi rmation in two health centers and two hospitals in Bekasiand Bogor cities for cases maternal death of during pregnancy, during childbirth, miscarriage, and after birth (postnatal).Results: The hospitals can prevent maternal death during pregnancy or during childbirth. At public health care, the risk formaternal death during childbirth is higher than postnatal OR = 1.9 (CI: 1.22 to 3.0), maternal death during pregnancy andmiscarriage in PONED is higher than Non PONED but not signifi cant (p > 0.05). At public health care not PONED, birthattendants is a factor in the recommendation to referral (p < 0.05). Conclution: The hospital facilities are able to PONEKthe best services for mothers who need obstetric treatment. The midwives are important to reducing maternal mortality,they should be closer access to birth attendants and to perform appropriate referrals. Recommendation: The hospitalsare need to be reinforced services capable PONEK and within easy reach from public health centers
Studi Kasus Bordetella Pertussis pada Kejadian Luar Biasa di Kabupaten Kapuas Kalimantan Tengah yang Dideteksi dengan PCR
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Keberadaan Telur dan Larva Cacing Tambang pada Tanah di Lingkungan Desa Sepunggur dan Desa Gunung Tinggi Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Kalimantan Selatan Tahun 2014
No full textHookworm is soil transmitted helminth which life cycle and spreading pass through soil.Hookworm infection in human can be transmitted through ingestion of egg or larvalpenetration on the skin. Human that have high activity in contamined land withhookworm eggs and larva might have risk to infected. The research objective is to find outhookworm egg and larva contamination level on land that have high activity of human.The research used cross sectional design. Randomly soil sampling was conducted inagriculture land, school yard and people housing at Gunung Tinggi and Sepunggurvillage. Soil sample examined using Suzuki method. We get total 210 soil sample thatconsist of 100 soil sample from agriculture land, 50 sample from school yard and 60sample from people housing. Sample examination result showing total 19 soil sample thatcontamined by hookworm egg/larva. Highest number of contamined sample are fromagriculture land. Cacing tambang merupakan soil transmitted helminth yang siklus hidup danpenularannya melalui media tanah. Penularan cacing tambang pada manusia dapatterjadi karena menelan telur atau larva yang masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui pori-porikulit. Tanah yang terdapat telur atau larva cacing tambang menimbulkan risikopenularan cacing tambang pada manusia yang sering beraktifitas di sekitarnya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan telur dan larva cacing tambangdan bagaimana tingkat kontaminasinya pada tanah di lingkungan yang merupakantempat manusia sering beraktifitas. Desain penelitian cross sectional, pengambilansampel tanah di Desa Gunung Tinggi dan Desa Sepunggur dilakukan secara acak padalokasi yang sering terdapat aktifitas manusia yaitu lahan perkebunan, halaman sekolahdan pemukiman warga. Sampel tanah diperiksa dengan metode Suzuki. Telahdiperoleh 100 sampel tanah dari lahan perkebunan, 50 sampel dari halaman sekolahdan 60 sampel dari pemukiman. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan dari total 210sampel tanah terdapat 19 sampel yang positif mengandung telur/larva cacing tambangdengan kontaminasi tertinggi terdapat pada lahan perkebuna
Malaria pada Anak di Bawah Umur Lima Tahun
No full textOne of the WHO priority in malaria eradication program is to decrease malaria case in children under five years old. It was reported that from 2000 to 2012 there were 45% death because of malaria where 51% death were occurred in children under five years old. WHO aims to decrease death caused by malaria in children under five years old by 63%. The objective of this article was to give description about malaria in children under five years old. Literatures review from various journals was conducted. Malaria in children under five years old can cause severe malaria because the lack of immunity against malaria that can lead to dead. Health education regarding the effect of malaria for children is needed. The health education can be in form of games and parental guidance. Penurunan kejadian malaria pada anak di bawah usia lima tahun masih menjadi salah satu proiritas WHO dalam pemberatasan malaria. Pada tahun 2000 sampai 2012 dilaporkan dari 45% kematian akibat malaria, 51% pada anak berumur di bawah lima tahun. Pada tahun 2015 WHO menargetkan penurunan angka kematian pada anak di bawah lima tahun akibat malaria sebesar 63%. Kejadian malaria pada anak menjadi indikator penyebaran malaria yang bersifat lokal. Tujuan penulisan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai malaria pada anak di bawah umur lima tahun. Metode kajian melalui studi literatur dari berbagai jurnal dalam dan luar negeri berdasarkan studi kepustakaan. Malaria pada anak di bawah umur lima tahun dapat menyebabkan malaria berat karena kurangnya imunitas dan belum terbentuknya kekebalan terhadap malaria dalam tubuhnya serta dapat menyebabkan kematian. Perlu adanya penyuluhan kesehatan kepada masyarakat akan dampak malaria pada anak di bawah umur lima tahun melalui metode bermain dan disertai pendampingan oleh orang tua.