e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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TAHONGAI (Kleinhovia hospita L.): REVIEW SEBUAH TUMBUHAN OBAT DARI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
No full textTahongai (K. hospita L.) is one of herbal medicine which recently obtain a lot of attention from people in East Kalimantan. K. hospita belongs to Malvaceae family. In other region of Indonesia, Tahongai is known as timoho (Java) and paliasa (Bugis). Several compounds, such as scopoletin, quarcetin, rutin and kaempferol have been isolated from the leaves. Pharmacological properties of tahongai includes anticancer, antidiabetes, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective. This review showed the potency of tahongai as hepatoprotector agent. This review is corresponds to the ethnomedicine use of this plant for treating liver disease. However, further research is needed to find other pharmacological properties of tahongai as herbal medicine from East Kalimantan. This article reviewed information about the potency of tahongai for healing several health problems.AbstrakTahongai (K. hospita L.) adalah salah satu tumbuhan obat yang saat ini sedang mendapat perhatian masyarakat di Kalimantan Timur. Tumbuhan K. hospita termasuk dalam famili Malvaceae. Tumbuhan ini dikenal juga dengan nama timoho (Jawa) dan paliasa (Bugis). Beberapa komponen yang berhasil diisolasi dari daun tahongai antara lain adalah skopoletin, kuarsetin, rutin dan kamferol. Tahongai memiliki beberapa potensi farmakologis, antara lain sebagai antikanker, antidiabetes, antioksidan, dan hepatoprotektif. Review ini menunjukkan potensi tahongai terutama sebagai sebagai agen hepatoprotektor. Hal ini sesuai dengan penggunaan etnomedisin tumbuhan ini di masyarakat untuk mengobati masalah kesehatan terkait gangguan liver. Perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan untuk mengungkap potensi lain dari tahongai sebagai tumbuhan obat dari Kalimantan Timur. Artikel ini merupakan suatu review tentang potensi tahongai dalam mengatasi berbagai masalah kesehatan
Determinan Hipertensi di Puskesmas dan RSUD Kabupaten Natuna
No full textAbstract The result of (Basic Health Research) in 2007 showed that the highest prevalence. To describe the hypertension patients in Public Health Centre and in District Hospital in Natuna.The study used cross sectional design. The samples were collected from all hypertension patients medical records in three Public Health Centre (Pulau Tiga, Sedanau and Ranai) and one hospital (RSUD Natuna) during the periode of January 1 to December 31, 2012. Univariate analysiwas used to describe the patient’s characteristics.The 423 samples were collected from three Public Health Centre and district hospital. The proportion of hypertension in Public Health Centre and distric hospital was 73.5% and 26.5% respectively. The highest proportion of hypertension was found in female, married, low education, and unemployed subjects, both of Public Health Centre and district hospital. The youngest age was 28 years old, while the oldest was 92 years old with the average was 57 years old. The proportion of stage 2 hypertension were 62.1% in Public Health Centre and 81.2% in district hospital. The higest proportion of comorbid diseases that become end point of hypertension in the district hospital was stroke (41,1%), cardiac enlargement/ left ventricular hypertrophy/ LVH (19.6%), coronary heart disease/ CHD (9.8%). The highest proportion of risk factors that was found along with hypertension were hypercholesterolemia (20.5%) and diabetes (10.7%). Most of hypertension patients were in stage 2 category. Hypercholesterolemia and diabetes were more common risk factors to be found along with hypertension, furthermore stroke, cardiac enlargement/ LVH (19.6%) and CHD were the most common cardiovascular disease. Prevention of hypertension, screening and hypertension management to reduce hypertension complication need to be increased Keywords: Hypertension, Public Health Centre, District Hospital, Natuna District Abstrak Berdasarkan hasil Riskesdas 2007 prevalensi hipertensi di Kabupaten Natuna tertinggi di Indonesia mendeskripsikan penderita hipertensi di Puskesmas dan di RSUD di Kabupaten Natuna.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel adalah semua pasien hipertensi yang datang ke Puskesmas (Puskesmas Pulau Tiga, Sedanau dan Ranai) dan RSUD Natuna pada periode 1 Januari—31 Desember 2012. Data dikumpulkan dari rekam medik penderita hipertensi kemudian dipindahkan ke dalam formulir pengumpulan data. Sebanyak 423 sampel diperoleh dari tiga puskesmas dan RSUD. Proporsi hipertensi di Puskemas sebesar 73,5% dan di RSUD 26,5%. Proporsi hipertensi terbanyak ditemukan pada perempuan, status menikah, tingkat pendidikan rendah dan tidak bekerja di Puskesmas maupun di RSUD. Umur terendah pasien hipertensi adalah 28 tahun dan tertinggi 92 tahun dengan median 57 tahun. Pasien dengan hipertensi stage 2 didapatkan paling banyak yaitu Puskesmas 62,1% dan RSUD 81,2%. Proporsi penyakit penyerta di RSUD terbanyak adalah stroke 41,1% diikuti dengan pembesaran jantung 19,6% dan jantung koroner 9,8%.Penderita hipertensi paling banyak berada dalam kategori stage 2. Faktor risiko bersama hipertensi terbanyak adalah hiperkolesterol, dan diabetes sedangkan stroke, pembesaran jantung dan jantung koroner merupakan komplikasi kardiovaskuler terbanyak yang ditemukan. Upaya pencegahan dalam menurunkan kejadian hipertensi perlu ditingkatkan, begitu pula dengan deteksi dini dan penanganan hipertensi yang tepat untuk mengurangi komplikasi hipertensi. Kata kunci: Hipertensi, Puskesmas, RSU
Analisis Struktur Protein Selubung Virus Dengue Serotipe 3 Pada Genotipe Yang Sama Dengan Clade Berbeda
No full textAbstract Dengue viruses (DENV) consist of 4 serotypes and each of serotype is divided in several genotypes based on the envelope gene. To find the different in protein structure of DENV-3 circulated in Surabaya, we conduct analysis of two sequences of DENV-3 genotype 1 in different clade. Information of nucleotide and amino acid were searched from the GeneBank, homology were analysed using BLAST in NCBI. The different of amino acid of 2 sequences and protein structure were analysed using software Bioedit vs 7.2.5 and PyMol respectively. We found six amino acid residu that are different in these sequences. Three of amino acids of the different sequences have significant different similarities. These amino acid residu are 140, 340 and 362. Based on physic-chemistry properties, these amino acids are more hydrophobic in sequence of clade 2. 3D prediction of protein structure show that residu 140, 340, 362 and 386 have different surface protein. Physic-chemistry properties and charge of amino acid causing different 3D structure of DENV-3 envelope protein. Key words: Dengue virus, Envelope Gene,Pprotein Structure Abstrak Virus dengue (DENV) terdiri dari 4 serotipe. Masing-masing serotipe masih dibagi lagi menjadi beberapa genotipe berdasarkan gen selubung virus, karena variasi genetik terbanyak ada pada gen ini. Analisis ini membandingkan dua runutan nukleotida dan asam amino DENV-3 dengan genotipe sama namun pada clade yang berbeda, yang bersirkulasi di Surabaya. Informasi sekuen gen maupun protein diperoleh melalui situs GenBank (NCBI), analisis homologi menggunakan situs yang sama. Perbedaan residu asam amino diidentifikasi menggunakan software Bioedit vs 7.2.5, sifat variasi asam amino diprediksi menggunakan program pada situs ExPASy. Kemiripan asam amino dinilai dengan menggunakan scoring Blosum dan prediksi struktur permukaan protein selubung ditentukan menggunakan perangkat lunak PyMOL. Perbedaan susunan asam amino kedua sekuen yang dianalisis terdapat pada 6 residu dengan posisi sekuen pada clade 1 dan 2 berturut-turut sebagai berikut, S140I, V141I, E340G, P362L, K386R, dan I412L. Tiga dari residu ini memiliki perbedaan yang cukup bermakna, yaitu pada 140, 340 dan 362. Sekuen pada clade 2 ketiga residu ini lebih bersifat non polar dan hirofobik dibandingkan pada sekuen clade 1. Sementara prediksi 3D memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan struktur permukaan pada residu140, 340, 362 dan 386. Perbedaan sifat maupun muatan asam amino memberikan perbedaan struktur 3D protein selubung DENV-3. Kata sandi: DENV-3, Protein Selubung, Struktur Protein
Identifikasi Serkaria Fasciolopsis buski dengan PCR untuk Konfirmasi Hospes Perantara di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia
No full textFasciolopsiasis in Indonesia is endemic in Hulu Sungai Utara District, South Kalimantan. Problems in controlling this disease is to identify the snail that acts as an first intermediate host. Fasciolopsis buski intermediate host is determined by the presence of F. buski cercariae on the conch. Identification of cercariae using microscopic method can not ensure that was F. buski cercariae, so it is necessary to use a more accurate method. Therefore, the research aimed to identify F. buski cercariae using Polymerase Chain Reaction ( PCR ) to confirm the cercariae species and the first intermediate host snails of F. buski. Observational studies in the field and laboratory are conducted in March-December 2014. Snail samplings were taken place at Sungai Papuyu and Kalumpang Dalam villages. Cercariae PCR analysis was done at Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Science-Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. Our field collections found 6 snail genus: Pomacea, Bellamya, Indoplanorbis, Lymnaea, Gyraulus, and Melanoides. Three species of cercariae obtained by microscopic examination consisted of Echinostome cercariae in Lymnaea and Indoplanorbis snail, Brevifurcate-pharyngeate cercariae in Lymnaea snail, and Sulcatomicrocercous cercariae in Bellamya snail. PCR analysis showed positive result of F. buski on Echinostome cercariae samples found from Lymnaea and Indoplanorbis snail. This finding have confirmed that both snails were the first intermediate host of F. buski at our sampling sites
Hubungan Obat Anti Tuberkulosis dengan Jumlah CD4 Pasien Koinfeksi Tb-HIV di RSUD Jayapura Papua
No full textPenelitian mengenai hubungan antara Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) dengan jumlah CD4 pada penderita koinfeksi Tuberkulosis-HIV (Tb-HIV) telah dilakukan di RSUD Jayapura. Subyek penelitian adalah semua penderita koinfeksi Tb-HIV yang menerima pengobatan OAT-ARV (Anti Retroviral) selama 6 bulan sebanyak 40 orang dan penderita HIV tanpa koinfeksi tuberkulosis yang telah menerima pengobatan ARV selama 6 bulan sebanyak 40 orang. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kajian analitiik dengan menganalisis rerata skor CD4 penderita koinfeksi Tb-HIV dan penderita HIV tanpa koinfeksi tuberkulosis dengan menggunakan Uji Student-t untuk mengetahui hubungan OAT dengan jumlah CD4. Sebanyak 40 penderita koinfeksi Tb-HIV dan 40 penderita HIV tanpa koinfeksi tuberkulosis menunjukkan peningkatan CD4>200 sel/mm3 setelah 6 bulan pengobatan, dengan rerata CD4 sebelum pengobatan terbanyak pada 0-50 sel/mm3. Uji Student-t memberika hasil tidak bermakna, yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan rerata skor SD4 yang bermakna antara penderita koinfeksi Tb-HIV yang telah menerima pengobatan OAT-ARV dan penderita HIV tanpa koinfeksi tuberkulosis yang telah menerima pengobatan ARV tanpa OAT
PERILAKU PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN IBU HAMIL DAN PEMILIHAN PENOLONG PERSALINAN DI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI
Get PDFMaternal mortality and infant mortality are important indicators to state the social welfare andpublic health status of country. The both are correlated with health status of pregnant woment, knowledgeof women and family of antenatal care; delivery assistant and accessibility of health facility. The objectiveof this study is to identify the practice of ANC and utilization of delivery assisstant. The study usedqualitative methode with indepth interview and focus group discussion (FGD) to pregnant women,neonatus's mother, key persons, traditional birth attendants (TBA) and midwife villages. The result of thisstudy showed that the community have the ANC awareness but some of them still prefer to ask TBA whendelivery. Factors influence TBA's preference were 1) economics; 2) culture; 3) geography reason; 4)psycology; 5) pragmatis; 6) Service satifaction.Keywords: maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, ANC, health services, midwive village, makingpregancy safer (MPS
ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS CASES IN TULUNGAGUNG DISTRICT
Get PDFLeptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis. Pada tahun 2012 ditetapkan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) dengan ditemukannya dua kasus leptospirosis di dua kecamatan dengan satu kasus meninggal. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan terhadap kejadian leptospirosis di Kabupaten Tulungagung. Rancangan penelitian yaitu cross sectional dilakukan melalui observasi lokasi, pengukuran lingkungan abiotik dan observasi kondisi rumah penduduk. Lokasi penelitian di Dusun Banjar, Desa Picisan RT 3 RW 1 Kecamatan Sendang, Kabupaten Tulungagung. Besar sampel sebanyak 50 rumah. Analisis data berupa analisis deskriptif dan statistik dengan uji Chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya sampah terbuka di depan atau belakang rumah berhubungan dengan kejadian leptospirosis dan mempunyai resiko 16,3 kali lebih besar dalam penyebaran leptospirosis. pH, salinitas dan kelembaban udara menunjang pertumbuhan bakteri Leptospira sp. pada badan air alami.
Kata kunci: leptospirosis, Tulungagung, lingkunga
Kapasitas Vektor dan Laju Inokulasi Entomologis Anopheles vagus dari Wilayah Endemis Malaria di Provinsi Banten
No full textHigh malaria cases in Banten Province remains in two districts, Pandeglang and Lebak. Yet, the knowledge and information about vector capacity in this region is still unclear. Our study aimed to determine the vector capacity and entomological inoculation rate of Anopheles vagus in endemic regions in Banten Province. A cross-sectional survey has been conducted for June – October 2014 in Lebak and Pandeglang district in 2014. The data of mosquito was collected through human landing collection, ovarian dissection, ELISA ,and PCRbased to determine the man-biting rate (MBR), longevity, vectorial capacity, and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of An.vagus. As a result, we found 11 species of Anopheline mosquito: An. aconitus, An. annularis, An. barbirostris, An. flavirostris, An. indefinitus, An. kochi, An. maculatus, An. minimus, An. sundaicus, An. tesselatus, and An. vagus. The predominantly species found in Pandeglang is An. vagus with peak density at 3.00-4:00 am (MBR = 2.07individual per person per night). Meanwhile, in Lebak dominated by An. sundaicus with peak densities starting at 10.00 pm (MBR 4.1 individual per person per night), while An. vagus as 24Vektora Volume 8 Nomor 1, Juni 2016: 23 - 30the second dominant species. The sporozoites rate of 1.02%, daily life expectancy = 0.244, longevity = 4.093 days; and Human Blood Index 0.1, then the vector capacity of An. vagus at 0.281 and entomological inoculation rate = 0.021 (~ 7 infective bites/person/ year), respectively. Our study concluded that malaria transmission may still occur in this two areas.