e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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KERAGAMAN Anopheles spp PADA EKOSISTEM PEDALAMAN DAN PEGUNUNGAN DI KABUPATEN SIGI, SULAWESI TENGAH
No full textMalaria remains a complex major health problem involving agent of parasites, environment (physical and biological) and vector (Anopheles spp). The disease is transmitted by a female Anopheles spp. The mosquito population might be naturally found in various ecosystems. Accordingly, the aim of study was to investigate diversity of Anopheles spp distributed in inland an mountain ecosystems. Two central of public health located in Sigi District were selected for the study i.e. Kaleke in Kaluku village and Palolo in Rejeki village. A cross sectional design was used in this descriptive observational study. The mosquitoes were trapped using various methods i.e. one time surveillance, Night-Landing Collection (NLC) and Night Resting Collection techniques. Results showed that number of species found in the inland and mountain were four and seven species, respectively. Man hour density (MHD) indoor analysis revealed that the number of Anopheles captured from a man was 0.09 and 0.12 mosquitoes/man/hour for in the inland and mountain, respectively. In addition, the number of Anopheles captured from a man based on MHD outdoor were 0.29 and 0.16 mosquitoes/man/hour for in the inland and mountain, respectively. Man bitting rate (MBR) indoor result demonstrated that the number of mosquitoes in the mountain (1.25 mosquitoes/man/night) was found more abundant than in the inland (0.92 mosquitoes/man/night). However, MBR outdoor analysis showed that the number of mosquitoes in the mountain (1.67 mosquitoes/man/night) was found less abundant than in the inland (3.08 mosquitoes/man/night). Anopheles vagus was the most abundant species found in both inland and mountain. The species of Anopheles captured per hour in the inland and mountain were A. vagus and A. nigerrimus, respectively. The diversity index of Anopheles spp in the inland (H=1.32) was higher than in the mountain (0.53)
PEMBELAJARAN KADER DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEGIATAN PEMBERANTASAN SARANG NYAMUK DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA SEMARANG
No full textLarvae monitoring cadres has an important role in Dengue vector control. Increasing community participation through larvae monitoring cadres needed to empower the community in the form of learning process. The purpose of study was to measure knowledge and skills of larvae monitoring cadres in managing activities of mosquito breeding place control activities before and after getting managerial learning. Samples were chosen purposively. Each community groups taken 2 larvae monitoring cadres in Sendang Mulyo Village. The number of respondents was 42. The study used quasy experiment with one group pre and posttest design. The results showed the largest age group of respondents was aged 41-58. Most respondents were housewives (81%). There were significant differences in respondents' knowledge scores before and after the study (p <0.05) in managerial knowledge. Training could improve cadre knowledge about managerial activities in mosquito breeding place control significantly. Cadres able to develop follow-up local specific activities in mosquito breeding place control in each community group region. Training of management was first received by the cadre PSN so that cadres should receive refreshing material
Pencegahan Penularan HIV/AIDS: Efektivitas Metode KIE “Aku Bangga Aku Tahu (ABAT)”
No full textAbstract The epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Indonesia is one of fastest growing among Asian countries. One of the efforts of the government to reduce HIV/AIDS cases is by implementing Information Education and Communication (IEC) which is so-called “Aku Bangga Aku Tahu (ABAT)”. However, the effectiveness of ABAT and its methods have not been evaluated. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of IEC of ABAT on knowledge, perception, stigma and HIV/AIDS behavioral prevention among selected high school students. This is a quantitative research, using pre-test, post-test, and control group of Quasi Experimental Design. A number of 221 students were chosen using multistage random sampling, divided into groups of single, multiple and control. The results of this study showed that the IEC of ABAT effectively increased knowledge, perception and preventive behavior, but it had not been able to reduce stigma. IEC of ABAT multiple sessions provided higher impact thanthat of the single session (p < 0.05). It is necessary to improve methods of IEC to encourage the improvement of knowledge, perception, and reduced stigma and HIV/AIDS risk behavior. Keywords: behavior, HIV/AIDS, knowledge, perception, stigma AbstrakLaju peningkatan HIV/AIDS di Indonesia merupakan salah satu yang tercepat di Asia. Sebagai upaya pengendalian HIV/AIDS, pemerintah meluncurkan modul komunikasi informasi dan edukasi Aku Bangga Aku Tahu (KIE ABAT). Efektivitas metode dan KIE ABAT sampai saat ini belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis efektivitas KIE ABAT terhadap pengetahuan, persepsi, stigma dan perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada siswa/siswi SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian Quasi Experiment Design dengan Pre-test Post-test Control Group Design. Sebanyak 221 siswa berpartisipasi dalam penelitian yang dipilih menggunakan multistage random sampling, kemudian dibagi kedalam kelompok single, multiple dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KIE ABAT efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan, persepsi dan perilaku pencegahan, akan tetapi belum mampu menurunkan stigma. Simpulan berikutnya adalah KIE ABAT multiple session memberikan pengaruh yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan single session. Untuk itu perlu penyempurnaan metode KIE agar dapat mendorong terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan, persepsi, penurunan stigma dan peningkatan perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Kata kunci: HIV/AIDS, pengetahuan, perilaku, persepsi, stigma
Efek N-Asetil-L- Sistein (NAC) terhadap Kadar Adma Plasma dan Ekspresi Protein Vcam-l pada Disfungsi Endotel Tikus Diabetes
No full textAbstract Endothelial dysfunction is an early state of symptoms in a cardiovascular disease. An elevated oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of macrovascular diabetic complication. The present study was design to evaluate the effect of NAC on plasma ADMA level and the expression of VCAM-1 protein on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups i.e. normal rats, diabetic rats, treatment with NAC 30 mg/kgBW, NAC 56 mg/ kgBW and NAC 100 mg/kgBW. Diabetic rats model was induced by intraperitonial administration of alloxan monohydrate at dose of 150 mg/kgBW, diabetes occurred on 3nd day after alloxan injection and then started treatment of N-acetyl-L-cystein for 28 days. ADMA plasma level was analyzed with Elisa Reader and the expression of VCAM-1 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion of this research is that treatment with NAC 30 mg/kgBW, NAC 56 mg/kgBW and NAC 100 mg/kgBW for 28 days may prevent oxidative stress indicated by the decreasing of plasma ADMA level by 45.8%: 55.75% and 65.92%, respectively and the decreasing of the expression of VCAM-1 protein on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rat by 24%: 31.75% and 58.92%, respectively. Key words : (NAC), Endothelial dysfunction, ADMA, VCAM-1AbstrakDisfungsi endotel merupakan tahap awal pada penyakit kardiovaskular. Peningkatan stres oksidatif berperan penting dalam patogenesis komplikasi makrovaskular pada penyakit diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek N-asetil sistein (NAC) dalam menurunkan kadar ADMA plasma dan ekspresi protein VCAM-1 pada disfungsi endotel tikus diabetes. 30 tikus jantan strain sprague- Dawley dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok diabetes, kelompok perlakuan NAC pada dosis 30, 56 dan 100 mg/kgBB. Model tikus diabetes diperoleh dengan diinduksi aloksan monohidrat 150 mg/kgBB secara intraperitonial, kondisi diabetes terjadi pada hari ke-3 setelah induksi aloksan selanjutnya dilakukan pemberian N-asetil sistein selama 28 hari. Kadar ADMA plasma dianalisis dengan metode ELISA dan ekspresi protein VCAM-1 dianalisis secara imunohistokimia. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa pemberian NAC pada dosis 30, 56 dan 100 mg/kgBB selama 28 hari dapat mencegah peningkatan stres oksidatif yang ditandai dengan menurunnya kadar ADMA plasma berturut-turut 45,80%; 55,75% dan 65,92% serta menurunnya ekspresi dari protein VCAM-1 pada disfungsi endotel tikus diabetes berturut-turut 24,00% ;31,75% dan 58,92%.Kata kunci : ADMA, Endothelial dysfunction, NAC, VCAM-
Efektivitas Iradiasi terhadap Penurunan Limfosit T pada Komponen Sel Darah Merah Pekat
No full textAbstrakPemberian transfusi darah merupakan salah satu tindakan medis untuk penyelamatan nyawa (life saving)dan penyembuhan penyakit, tetapi di sisi lain tindakan ini juga memiliki risiko atau komplikasi. Salahsatu komplikasi yang dikenal adalah Transfusion-Associated Graft-vs-Host Disease (TAGVHD) yangmenyebabkan berproliferasinya limfosit T yang kemudian akan diikuti oleh proses engraft (tertanam)di dalam tubuh resipien khususnya yang berada dalam kondisi imunokompeten seperti pasien kankeratau dengan penyakit autoimun. Saat ini, satu–satunya metode yang dapat diterima untuk mencegahkomplikasi tersebut adalah dengan melakukan iradiasi darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuidosis iradiasi dan waktu penyinaran yang tepat untuk menurunkan jumlah CD 3+ dan CD 4+ sebagaipenyebab terjadinya TAGVHD. Hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan rekomendasi untuk prosedur iradiasiterhadap komponen sel darah merah pekat yang akan diberikan pada pasien-pasien imunokompetendi RS Kanker Dharmais Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian eksperimental denganpemeriksaan time series yang dilakukan terhadap 54 kantong komponen sel darah merah pekat denganumur simpan tidak lebih dari satu hari. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap jumlah CD 3+ dan CD 4+ dalamtiga dosis dengan tiga serial waktu berbeda. Terjadi penurunan secara bermakna jumlah CD 3+ denganpenyinaran dosis 3000 cGy dan CD 4+ dengan penyinaran dosis 2500 dan 3000 cGy pada komponen seldarah merah pekat yang dilakukan iradiasi pada waktu penyinaran 3 jam dan 5 jam. Dosis penyinaran2500 cGy dan setelah 5 jam penyinaran memberikan penurunan viabilitas CD 3+.Kata Kunci: iradiasi, Transfusion-Associated Graft-vs-Host Disease (TAGVHD), CD 3+, CD 4+ AbstractBlood transfusion is a medical treatment for life-saving and cure the disease. On the other hand thesetreatment also have risks or complications, one of which is known as Transfusion-Associated Graftvs-Host Disease (TAGVHD) that may cause proliferation T lymphocytes and follow by a processengraft (embedded) in the recipient’s body at a state of immunocompetent. This condition is commonlyexperienced by patients with impaired immunological systems such as cancer patients or autoimmunediseases. Currently, one - the only acceptable method to prevent such complications by way of bloodirradiation. The aim of the study is to determine the irradiation dose and exposure time in reducingthe amount of CD 3+ and CD 4+ which is the cause of the TAGVHD. The results of this study will be arecommendation for action to the irradiation of packed red cell that will be given in immunocompetentpatients in Jakarta Dharmais Cancer Hospital. This study used an experimental research design timeseries with the examination conducted on 54 bags of packed red cell with the storage time was nolonger than one day. The experiments were conducted on the number of CD 3+ and CD 4+ in three doseswith three different time series. We found the significant decline in the number of CD 3+with 3000 cGyirradiation dose and CD 4+ with 2500 dan 3000 cGy irradiation doses in packed red cell irradiation at 3 to5 hours of irradiation time. The 2500 cGy irradiation doses for 5 hours decreased the viability of CD 3+.Keywords: irradiation, Transfusion-Associated Graft-vs-Host Disease (TAGVHD), CD 3+, CD 4
Type of flight and other factors related to plain water consumption habit among civilian pilots in Indonesia
No full textLatar belakang: Pilot dapat mengalami dehidrasi ringan yang akan mempengaruhi performa kognitif dan keselamatan penerbangan, sehingga pilot perlu mengonsumsi air putih yang cukup. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan konsumsi air putih pada pilot sipil. Metode: Studi potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder Survei Kebiasaan Hidup Sehat Pada Pilot Sipil di Indonesia Tahun 2016. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik demografi, pekerjaan, pengetahuan, kebiasaan konsumsi sayur dan buah, aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Kebiasaan konsumsi air putih dikategorikan cukup (≥ 8 gelas/hari) dan kurang (< 8 gelas/hari). Jenis penerbangan dikategorikan jarak dekat (< 2 jam), menengah (2-6 jam), jauh (> 6 jam). Analisis menggunakan regresi Cox dengan waktu yang konstan. Hasil: Dari data 644 pilot, terdapat 528 data yang memenuhi kriteria. Jenis penerbangan, pengetahuan tentang hidrasi, aktivitas fisik dan IMT merupakan faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan konsumsi air putih. Pilot sipil dengan jenis penerbangan jarak menengah memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi air putih cukup 16% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jenis penerbangan jarak dekat [RRa= 1,16; IK95% 1,00-1,35;p= 0,045]. Pilot yang memiliki pengetahuan baik tentang hidrasi memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi air putih cukup 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pilot pengetahuan kurang [RRa= 1,20; IK95% 1,05-1,38; p= 0,006]. Pilot dengan aktifitas fisik aktif memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi air putih cukup 34% lebih tinggi dibandingkan kurang aktif [RRa= 1,34; IK95% 1,16-1,54; p= 0,000]. Dibandingkan pilot dengan IMT <18,5kg/m2, pilot dengan IMT 18,5-23 kg/m2 memiliki 4,14 kali lipat [RRa= 4,15; IK95% 1,15-14,88 ; p= 0,029] dan IMT > 23 kg/m2 [RRa= 4,33; IK95% 1,20-15,59; p= 0,025] memiliki 4,33 kali lipat lebih terbiasa mengonsumsi air putih yang cukup. Kesimpulan: Pilot dengan penerbangan jarak menengah, pengetahuan baik tentang hidrasi, aktivitas fisik aktif dan indeks massa tubuh ≥ 18,5 kg/m2 lebih memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi air putih yang cukup. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2):123-128) Kata kunci: Kebiasaan konsumsi air putih, jenis penerbangan, pilot sipil, Indonesia Abstract Background: Pilots could risk mild dehydration that would affect cognitive performance and flight safety, so they should have adequate plain water consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the dominant factor associated with plain water consumption habit among civilian pilots. Methods: A cross-sectional study using secondary data of Healthy Habits Survey on civilian pilot in Indonesia 2016. The data collected were demographic, job characteristics, knowledge, fruit and vegetable consumption habit, physical activity and body mass index (BMI). Plain water consumption habit was categorized adequate if water consumption ≥ 8 glasses / day (@ glass = 250 ml) and inadequate when <8 glasses / day. Type of flight was categorized short haul (<2 hours), medium haul (2-6 hours), long haul (> 6 hours). Data was analyzed using Cox regression with constant time. Results: Out of 644 data, 528 met inclusion criteria. Type of flights, knowledge about hydration, physical activity and body mass index were dominant factors associated with plain water consumption habit. Compared to short haul flight, pilots with medium haul flight were 16 % more consume adequate plain water, [RRa = 1.16; p = 0.045]. Compared to poor knowledge, pilots with good knowledge were 20% higher to consume adequate plain water [RRa = 1.2; p = 0.006]. Compared to sedentary, active pilots were 34% higher to consume adequate plain water [RRa= 1,34; IK95% 1,16-1,54; p= 0,000]. Compared to pilots whose BMI <18,5kg/m2, pilots with BMI 18,5-23 kg/m2 and BMI > 23 kg/m2 were respectively 4,14 times [RRa= 4,15; IK95% 1,15-14,88 ; p= 0,029] and 4,33 times [RRa= 4,33; IK95% 1,20-15,59; p= 0,025] higher to have adequate plain water consumption habit. Conclusion: Civilian pilots who operate in medium haul flight, had good knowledge about hydration, active physical activity and BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 had more adequate plain water consumption habit. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2):123-128) Keywords: plain water consumption habit, type flight, civilian pilots, Indonesia
Low birth weights and risk of neonatal mortality in Indonesia
No full textLatar Belakang: Angka kematian neonatal di Indonesia mengalami stagnansi sejak sepuluh tahun terakhir. Dalam rangka mengakselerasi penurunan angka kematian neonatal di Indonesia, intervensi spesifik diperlukan pada faktor utama penyebab kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi berat badan lahir rendah terhadap kematian neonatal di Indonesia. Metode: Data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012 digunakan untuk analisis. Sejumlah 18021 kelahiran hidup dalam periode lima tahun terakhir telah dilaporkan oleh responden. Terdapat 14837 anak memiliki informasi lengkap untuk analisis. Adjusted relative risk dengan analisis survival digunakan untuk mengukur hubungan antara variable dengan kematian neonatal. Hasil: Anak yang lahir dengan berat badan rendah memiliki risiko 9.89 kali lebih tinggi untuk kematian neonatal bila dibandingkan dengan anak yang lahir dengan berat badan normal [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 9.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.41 – 13.19); P = < 0.0001]. Anak yang lahir dari ibu berumur muda (15 - 19 tahun) memiliki risiko 94% lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan anak yang lahir dari ibu dengan umur antara 20-35 years. Anak dari ibu yang bekerja 81% memiliki risiko kematian neonatal lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan anak yang lahir dari ibu tidak bekerja. Kesimpulan: Anak yang lahir dengan berat badan rendah dan lahir dari ibu muda memiliki risiko kematian neonatal lebih tinggi. Bayi yang lahir dengan berat badan rendah membutuhkan perawatan yang tepat untuk memperpanjang ketahanan hidup anak. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2):113-117) Kata kunci: Berat badan lahir rendah, kematian neonatal, Indonesia Abstract Background: Neonatal mortality rates in Indonesia remain steady in the past decades (20 in 2002 to 19 per 1000 live births in 2012). In order to accelerate the decline in neonatal mortality rate in Indonesia, specific interventions would have to target key factors causing mortality. This study aims to examine contribution of low birth weight on neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Methods: Data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) conducted in 2012 were used in the analysis. A total of 18021 live births in the last five years preceding the survey were reported from the mothers. Completed information of their children (14837 children) were taken for this analysis. The adjusted relative risk with cox proportional hazard regression analysis were used to assess the strength of association to neonatal mortality. Results: Children born in low birth weight were 9.89-fold higher risk of neonatal mortality compared to children born in normal weight [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 9.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.41 – 13.19); P = < 0.0001]. Children delivered from younger mothers (aged 15 - 19 years) had 94% higher risk of neonatal mortality compared to children delivered from mothers aged 20-35 years. Working mothers had 81% higher risk of neonatal mortality compared to unemployed mothers. Conclusion: Children born in a low birth weight and born from younger mothers had higher risk of neonatal mortality. Appropriate care and treatment for children born in low birth weight is needed to prolonged survival rates of the children. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2):113-117) Keywords: Low birth weight, neonatal mortality, Indonesia
Correlation of physical activity and other factors to fruit and vegetable intake among civillian pilots in Indonesia
No full textLatar belakang: ICAO (International civil aviation organization) menyatakan pentingnya menjaga kesehatan penerbang sehingga tidak terjadi inkapasitasi. Salah satu upayanya adalah pola diet sehat dengan konsumsi buah dan sayur. Tujuan studi adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dan faktor lain terhadap pola konsumsi buah dan sayur. Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan sampel total dari data sekunder penerbang yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Jakarta bulan April 2016. Data berupa data demografi, pekerjaan, konsumsi buah dan sayur, aktivitas fisik, pengetahuan konsumsi buah dan sayur, dan dukungan sosial. Analisis dengan regresi Logistik. Hasil: Penerbang yang mengikuti penelitian ini berjumlah 530 orang. Aktivitas fisik tidak berhubungan dengan konsumsi buah dan sayur. Tidak adanya pengetahuan konsumsi buah dan sayur berisiko jarang konsumsi buah dan sayur sebanyak 3,9 kali [ORa= 3,93; 95% CI=1,74-8,87; p=0,001], ini sesuai dengan teori social cognitive yang menyatakan pengetahuan konsumsi buah dan sayur merupakan faktor personal. Kesimpulan: Adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan konsumsi buah dan sayur terhadap kebiasaan konsumsi buah dan sayur yang sehat (≥ 5 kali/hari) di antara penerbang di Indonesia. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2):118-122) Kata kunci : buah dan sayur, penerbang sipil, Indonesia. Abstract Background: International civil aviation organization stated the importance of maintaining pilot’s health to avoid incapacitation. One of the efforts for this is consuming healthy diet with fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation of physical activity and other factors related to fruits and vegetables intake. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with a total sampling, using secondary data of the pilot that conducted periodical medical examinations in the Civil Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta on April 2016. Data collected were demographic and job characteristics, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, knowledge about fruit and vegetable intake, and social support. Results: The pilots participate in this study were 530 individuals. No correlation between physical activity and fruits and vegetables intake. The dominant factor associated with fruits and vegetables intake is the knowledge about fruits and vegetables intake. Pilots with poor knowledge decrease consumption 3,9 times lower [ORa = 3.93; 95% CI = 1.74 to 8.87; p = 0.001]. In this study, knowledge about fruit and vegetable intake as a personal factors according to social cognitive theory. Conclusion: The knowledge about fruits and vegetables intake according to WHO recommendations increased the frequency of fruits and vegetables intake. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2):118-122) Keywords: fruits and vegetables, a civilian pilot, Indonesia
Eating sweet foods habit and other factors that related to obesity on civil pilot in Indonesia
No full textLatar belakang: Obesitas pada penerbang dapat menyebabkan inkapasitas mendadak dalam penerbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makan makanan manis dan faktor lainnya yang berpengaruh terhadap penerbang sipil obes di Indonesia. Metode: Desain potong lintang dengan sampel total dari data sekunder penerbang sipil yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala pada periode April 2016. Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu karakteristik demografi, pekerjaan, kebiasaan makan makanan manis, kebiasaan olahraga dan riwayat obesitas dalam keluarga. Penerbang dikategorikan sebagai obes I (IMT:25,0-29,9 kg/m2) dan Obes II (IMT: > 30,0 kg/m2). Kebiasaan makan makanan manis dikategorikan menjadi empat kategori yaitu hampir tidak pernah, 1-3 kali/minggu, 4-5 kali/minggu, dan hampir setiap hari. Analisis menggunakan regresi Cox dengan waktu yang konstan. Hasil: Dari 644 data penerbang sipil yang dikumpulkan, sebanyak 256 data yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisis. Sebanyak 55 penerbang (21,48%) mengalami obes II. Kebiasaan makan makanan manis dan status pernikahan merupakan faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan risiko obes II. Jika dibandingkan dengan subjek yang hampir tidak pernah makan makanan manis, subjek yang memiliki kebiasaan makan makanan manis1-3x/minggu memiliki risiko 50% lebih rendah mengalami obes II (RRa=0,50; 95% CI= 0,30-0,85; p=0,011), subjek yang memiliki kebiasaan makan makanan manis 4-5x/minggu memiliki risiko 68% lebih rendah mengalami obes II (RRa= 0,32; 95% CI= 0,12-0,83; p=0,020). Selanjutnya jika dibandingkan dengan subjek yang tidak menikah, subjek yang menikah memiliki risiko 38% lebih rendah mengalami obes II.(RRa=0,62; 95% CI=0,38-0,99; p=0,046).Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan makan makanan manis dan status pernikahan berpengaruh terhadap risiko obes II diantara penerbang sipil obes di Indonesia. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2):134-139) Kata kunci: Obes, Kebiasaan makan makanan manis, pilot sipil, Indonesia Abstract Background: Obesity in pilot can cause sudden incapacity in flight. This study is purposed to determine factors that affecting obesity on civil pilot in Indonesia. Methods: Cross-sectional design amongst male civil pilots who conducted periodic medical examinations in April 2016 at Aviation Medical Center. Data was collected for this study included demographic characteristics, occupation, habit of eating sweet foods, exercise and family history of obesity. Pilot was categorized as obese I when BMI: 25.0- 29.9 kg/m2 and obese II when BMI: > 30.0 kg/m2. The habit of eating sweet foods was categorized into four categories: almost never, 1-3 times/week, 4-5 times/week, and almost every day. Data was analyzed by Cox regression with constant timing. Results: From 644 pilot’s data that had been collected, 256 data were qualified for the criteria of analysis. 55 pilots (21.48%) were obese II. Habit of eating sweet foods and marital status were the dominant factors that associated with risk of obese II. As compared to subject who never consumed sweet foods, subject who consumed sweet foods 1-3 times/week had a lower risk of 50% to experience obese II [RRa = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.85; p = 0.011]; subject who consumed sweet foods 4-5 times/week had a lower risk of 68% to experience obese II [RRa = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.83; p = 0.020]. In comparison with subject who was not married, married subject had a lower risk of 38% to experience obese II [RRa = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.99; p = 0.046]. Conclusion: The habit of eating sweet foods & marital status are affecting the risk of obese II among obese civil pilot in Indonesia. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2):134-139) Keywords: Obese, habit of eating sweet foods, Indonesian civil pilots.
KEPERCAYAAN DIRI (SELF ESTEEM) YANG RENDAH MENINGKATKAN RISIKO KENAIKAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) PADA REMAJA DI DUA SEKOLAH DI JAKARTA SELATAN TAHUN 2013
No full textABSTRACTObesity is beginning in younger age. Studies showed built environment have an effect on increasing risk ofobesity. Knowing the relation between environments where people live is necessary to overcome thenutrition related health problems. This study is aimed to measure relationship between obesogenicenvironment and changing in Body Mass Index. This was a time series study. The study subjects consist ofgrade eleven and twelve of 70 and 47 senior high schools in South Jakarta. The senior high school wasdifferentiated as obesogenic environments and non obesogenic environment based on observation of theschool environment. There were 152 respondents aged 15-18 years with non obese nutritional status(BMI<30). There were twice data collections with 6 months interval. Data on socio-demographic wascollected by questionnaire. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated based on weight and height. Changingin BMI was categorized as increasing and decreasing compare to first measurement in the previous sixmonths. Bivariate and multivariate statistical test was conducted using logistic regression analysis. Thisanalysis noted that 90 (58.5%) subjects decreased their BMI and 64 (41.5%) increased their BMI.Obesogenic environment (adj.OR = 0.42; 95% CI= 0.21-0.84), riding car or motorcycle to/from school (adj.OR=0.25; 95% CI = 0.09-0.73) increased risk of decreasing BMI. Low self esteem increased the risk ofincreasing BMI (adj. OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.26-5.11). Obesogenic environment around school, type oftransportation were the risk factors of decreasing BMI in adolescent. While low self esteem was the riskfactor in increasing BMI in adolescent. Education is needed for the adolescent to motivate and increasetheir self esteem especially in coping problems so eating is not the way out.Keywords: Adolescent, body mass index, self esteem ABSTRAKObesitas dimulai pada usia yang lebih muda. Studi menunjukkan lingkungan memiliki efek peningkatanrisiko obesitas. Diketahuinya hubungan antara lingkungan di mana seseorang hidup adalah penting untukmengatasi masalah kesehatan gizi terkait. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antaralingkungan obesogenic dan perubahan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Penelitian ini merupakan studi timeseries. Subjek terdiri dari siswa kelas XI dan XII SMAN 70 dan 47 di Jakarta Selatan. Sekolah dibedakansebagai lingkungan obesogenic (SMAN 70) dan lingkungan non obesogenic (SMAN 47) berdasarkanpengamatan lingkungan sekolah terhadap jarak dan kepadatan restoran siap saji. Didapat 152 respondenberusia 15-18 tahun dengan status gizi tidak obese (IMT < 30). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dua kalidengan interval waktu enam bulan. Data sosio-demografi dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner. IMT dihitungberdasarkan berat dan tinggi badan. Perubahan IMT dikategorikan menjadi peningkatan dan penurunandibanding pengukuran pertama kali pada enam bulan yang lalu. Bivariat dan uji statistik multivariatdilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 90 (58,5 %)responden mengalami penurunan IMT dan 64 (41,5%) responden mengalami peningkatan IMT.Lingkungan obesogenic (adj.OR= 0,42; 95% CI = 0,21- 0,84 ), dan mengendarai mobil atau motor dari/kesekolah (adj OR=0,25; 95 % CI = 0,09-0,73) berisiko terhadap penurunan BMI. Self esteem yang rendahberisiko terhadap peningkatan IMT (adj. OR = 2,54; 95 % CI = 1,26-5,11). Lingkungan obesogenic sekitarsekolah, jenis transportasi merupakan faktor penentu penurunan IMT pada remaja. Sementara self esteemyang rendah merupakan faktor penentu dalam meningkatkan IMT pada remaja. Bimbingan dan konseling diperlukan remaja untuk memotivasi dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri mereka terutama dalammenghadapi masalah sehingga tidak menjadikan makan sebagai salah satu jalan keluar.Kata kunci: Remaja, indeks massa tubuh, kepercayaan dir