e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Pelaksanaan Sosialisasi Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) di Rumah Sakit St Carolus dan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Budhi Asih Jakarta
No full textAbstractEarly Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD), followed by exclusive breastfeeding was one of the efforts to improve the health of babies and toddlers. Information about the IMD process has very big influence on the formation of intentions mother who will soon give birth to apply the IMD process postpartum. This type of research was case study. Data collected through in-depth interviews with 30 informants and triangulation of data, as well as the observation of the hospital environment. Hospitals as research areas, namely St. Carolus hospital and Budhi Asih regional general hospital in Jakarta. Analysis of data use content analysis. Socialization in St. Carolus hospital is mandatory activities performed routinely by health personnel, and supported by many media and dissemination of information about the IMD spread in the hospital setting. Media information in the form of posters, banners, banner and photo frame. In the Budhi Asih regional general hospital no socialization of IMD specifically, nor was there any information media because of limited funds. It needs a strong commitment from the hospitals to disseminate IMD so that implementation can be managed optimally.Keywords: socialization, early breastfeeding initation (IMD), hospitalAbstrakInisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) yang dilanjutkan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kesehatan bayi dan balita. Informasi mengenai proses IMD sangat berpengaruh besar pada pembentukan niat ibu yang akan segera melahirkan untuk mau menerapkan proses IMD pasca melahirkan. Jenis penelitian adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada 30 informan dan juga dilakukan triangulasi data, serta observasi terhadap lingkungan RS. RS yang menjadi lokasi penelitian yaitu RS St. Carolus dan RSUD Budhi Asih di Jakarta. Analisis data menggunakan content analysis. Sosialisasi IMD di RS St. Carolus merupakan kegiatan wajib yang dilakukan secara rutin oleh tenaga kesehatan, dan didukung dengan banyaknya media informasi dan sosialisasi tentang IMD yang tersebar di lingkungan RS. Media informasi tersebut dalam bentuk poster, banner, spanduk dan pigura foto. Di RSUD Budhi Asih, tidak ada sosialisasi IMD secara khusus, media informasi juga tidak ada karena keterbatasan dana. Perlu adanya komitmen yang kuat dari pihak RS untuk melakukan sosialisasi IMD agar pelaksanaan IMD dapat berhasil secara optimal.Kata kunci: sosialisasi, IMD, R
Kontribusi Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal terhadap Perbedaan Prevalensi Hipertensi Perempuan dan Lelaki di Indonesia : Perspektif Jender Riskesdas 2013
No full textGender perspective has point of view that female and male share equal risk in health. In-equal health status between female and male is not only due to biological aspect, but also social construction, norms and role in the society. Female contraceptive use is far outweighs that of male in Indonesia. Hormonal contraceptive use is known as one among hypertension risk factors. There is phenomena that Indonesian women already started to have higher hypertension prevalence than male in their pre menopause age 351. Hormonal contraceptive use is suspected to be one of the risk2. Riskesdas 2013, a National household health survey, analysis aims to identify contribution of hormonal contraceptive use toward hypertension status difference between pre menopausal female and male. It compares hypertension status among pre menopause female various status of contraceptive use with male. Male treated as reference group. Gender perspective is used for discussion. Results show contraceptive use contributes to hypertension status difference between pre menopause female and male at younger age. There is no hypertensive status difference between male and never use contraceptive pre menopause female. Hormonal contraceptive user has higher risk of hypertensive than non hormonal contraceptive user. Hormonal contraceptive use may have contribution toward early hypertension in pre menopause female. The user has higher risk of hypertension than non user. Regular monitoring according to the rule should be strongly complied to prevent early hypertension among pre menopause age. At the policy level, government should strengthen male contraceptive use campaign for population control.Keywords : gender, blood pressure, contraceptive, health surveyAbstrakPerspektif jender berpandangan perempuan dan lelaki memiliki keterpaparan risiko sama dalam kesehatan. Ketimpangan status kesehatan perempuan dan lelaki tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh aspek medis biologis, namun juga status, serta norma dan peran dalam masyarakat. Proporsi penggunaan kontrasepsi pada perempuan jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan lelaki. Penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan perempuan. Salah satunya adalah kejadian hipertensi dini. Analisis riskesdas 2007 menunjukkan terjadi penyusulan prevalensi hipertensi lelaki oleh perempuan pada usia pre menopause 35 tahun1. Diduga salah satu kontributor kejadian hipertensi dini perempuan pre menopause adalah penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal2. Analisa lanjut data Riskesdas 2013 bertujuan mengetahui kontribusi penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal terhadap kejadian perbedaan hipertensi pada perempuan pre menopause dan lelaki. Menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013, dilakukan analisa membandingkan berbagai status penggunaan kontrasepsi terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada perempuan pre menopause dengan lelaki sebagai kelompok referensi. Perspektif jender digunakan fakdalam pembahasan.Hasil menunjukkan penggunaan kontrasepsi berkontribusi terhadap perbedaan hipertensi perempuan pre menopause dan lelaki pada kelompok usia muda. Tidak terdapat perbedaan status risiko hipertensi antara lelaki dan perempuan pre menopause yang tidak pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi. Perempuan pengguna kontrasepsi hormonal memiliki risiko hipertensi sedikit lebih tinggi dibanding perempuan pengguna kontrasepsi non hormonal. Penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal memiliki kontribusi terhadap kejadian hipertensi dini perempuan usia pre menopause. Risiko hipertensi pengguna kontrasepsi hormonal lebih tinggi dibandingkan pengguna kontrasepsi non-hormonal. perlu dilakukan pemantauan pemakaian sesuai aturan pada pengguna kontrasepsi, terutama pada pengguna kontrasepsi hormonal. Kebijakan pengendalian penduduk sebaiknya lebih memperkuat penggunaan kontrasepsi lelaki untuk mendukung keberhasilan program pengendalian penduduk.Kata kunci : jender, tekanan darah, contraceptive, survey kesehatan
Bagaimana Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah di Provinsi Jawa Barat Dalam Implementasi Layanan Pencegahan Penularan HIV-AIDS dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA)
No full textAbstract Increasing cases of HIV-AIDS transmission in women and children were becoming more and more alarming The central government policy to prevent the transmission of HIV-AIDS had been carried out since 2002, but its implementation has not been satisfactory. Therefore, it is needed to review the local government policy in the prevention and control of HIV-AIDS transmission from mother to child (PMTCT). The study was carried out in West Java province and its 3 cities/districts as the province was one of the five provinces with highest HIV-AIDS cases in Indonesia using. qualitative study through in-depth interviews with the stakeholders of HIV-AIDS programs .The study revealed that West Java province had no adequate local policies and its current policy was not specifically for the PMTCT but it remained in general about HIV-AIDS. Moreover, the policies in the three districts and municipality were the same as of the central and provincial .Clear policy from the local government on PMTCT should be formulated through District Health Office for the implementation of the PMTCT services, including the provision of PMTCT budget ranging from promotive, preventive, currative, and rehabilitative programs. Keywords: PMTCT, HIV-AIDS, local government, MCH AbstrakPeningkatan kasus infeksi HIV-AIDS pada perempuan dan anak makin hari makin mengkhawatirkan. Kebijakan pemerintah pusat untuk mencegah penularan HIV-AIDS sudah digulirkan sejak tahun 2002, namun implementasinya di lapangan masih belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah daerah provinsi dan 3 kota di Jawa Barat dalam implementasi layanan pencegahan penularan HIV-AIDS dari ibu ke anak (PPIA). Metodenya adalah kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam pada pemegang program HIV-AIDS di Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi dan Kota. Provinsi Jawa Barat dan 3 kota/kabupaten lainnya belum terdapat kebijakan yang adekuat, karena belum ada kebijakan secara khusus untuk PPIA. Disamping itu tiga kota/kabupaten masih menggunakan kebijakan dari pusat dan provinsi. Sebaiknya ada kebijakan tertulis dari pemerintah daerah melalui dinas kesehatan untuk implementasi layanan PPIA, misalnya dengan memasukkan anggaran PPIA secara khusus ke dalam APBD, baik untuk kegiatan promotif, preventif, kuratif, maupun rehabilitatif. Dengan adanya kebijakan pemerintah daerah dapat memberikan lingkungan yang kondusif bagi terselenggaranya upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak.Kata kunci : PPIA, HIV-AIDS, Pemerintah Daerah, KI
Gambaran Kohor 2011-2013 Gangguan Mental Emosional Berdasarkan SRQ-20 pada Penduduk Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa Bogor
No full textAbstract Mental emotional disorder or psychological distress is one of non communicable diseases (NCD) risk factor. The aim of this analysis was to figure mental emotional condition among adult population in Kebon Kalapa Village of Bogor from 2011 to 2013. There were 1338 analyzed subjects those were same people, 25-65 years old, living in Kebon Kalapa Bogor city. The instrument used was Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) consisted of 20 items need “yes” or “no” answer. Subjects would be indicated have mental emotional disorder if they answered”yes”for six questions. The sample was taken using consecutive sampling method. Data was processed using computer with SPSS 21 version statistical program. We describe the characteristics of subjects by general linear model repeated measure analysis to assess every measurement. The results showed frequency and mean score of SRQ of population increased in 2012 and decreased in 2013. It was appropriate to National Basic Health Research 2013 that showed decreasing pattern of mental emotional disorder among Indonesian population in 2013.Keywords : mental emotional disorder, SRQ, non communicable disease cohort.AbstrakGangguan mental emosional atau distres psikologik merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakitpenyakit tidak menular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan kondisi mental emosional penduduk Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa Bogor dari tahun 2011 sampai 2013. Jumlah subjek yang dianalisis sebanyak 1338 orang yang berusia 25-65 tahun. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) yang terdiri 20 butir pertanyaan yang memerlukan jawaban “ya” atau “tidak”. Subjek diindikasikan mengalami gangguan mental emosional apabila memiliki jawaban “ya” pada paling sedikit 6 butir pertanyaan. Cara pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Data diolah dengan komputer dan menggunakan program statistik SPSS versi 21. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis General Linear Model Repeated Measure untuk melihat perubahan setiap pengukuran. Hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa frekwensi serta rerata skor SRQ penduduk meningkat tahun 2012, dan menurun tahun 2013. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013 yang memperlihatkan pola penurunan gangguan mental emosional pada penduduk Indonesia pada tahun 2013.Kata kunci: gangguan mental emosional, SRQ, kohor penyakit tidak menular
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Schistosomiasis di Dataran Tinggi Bada Kabupaten Poso Sulawesi Tengah
No full textSchistosmiasis transmission occured due to contribution of some related factors. This study was observational study with cross sectional design that aimed to identify knowledge, attitude and practice of community to schistosmiasis in Bada Highland. Data collection was conducted by stool survey and interview using questioner on 246 respondent that choosen by simple random sampling o identify the risk factors of schistosomiasis incidence. The result showed positive practices that related to schistosomiasis incidence that were defecation in hygiene latrine (p=0,001) and wearing the protection tools while went to the focus area (p<0,001). The negative practice that related to schistosomiasis that were take a bath / wash in the river (p=<0,001). These result indicate that activities by defecation in hygiene latrine and wearing the protection tools while went to the focus area decrease schistosomiasis whereas take a bath/wash in the river reducting the transmission schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis transmission was related to practice such as defecation in hygiene latrine, take a bath/wash in the river and wearing the protection tools while went to the focus area.
TUBERKULOSIS DAN HIV/AIDS PENYEBAB UTAMA KEMATIAN DI KOTA DAN KABUPATEN JAYAPURA, 2007
No full textIndonesia, as one of the mega countries, has been ranked as the third highest contributor toglobal Tuberculosis (TB) after India and China. TB was also ranked number two in cause of mortality inIndonesia based on the latest study. For many people, TB is the first sign of immune dysfunction associatedwith HIV infection. In Papua and West Papua, the increase HIV/AIDS is growing further that has beenreaching generalized classification. The data is obtained from cause of death registration mechanism thathas been implemented since 2007 in Papua (City and District of Jayapura). Two sources of death data arefrom medical records if death occurs in hospitals and Verbal Autopsy if death occurs at home. In thisarticle, cause of death is based on underlying cause of death. Limitation of the study is not validated toevaluate the completeness of the death data. Therefore the data may be underestimated. This study revealsthat majority of death occurs among productive ages (15-44 years old), while the other parts of Indonesiaamong older people. Almost halve of death is caused by communicable diseases. Among thesecommunicable diseases, the main cause of death was TB and followed by HIV/AIDS. TB was the numberone cause of death and it contributes 17% of death in all ages. HIV/AIDS was the number four cause ofdeath and it contributes 5.4% of death among ages 15-44 years old. It seems that all ages were sufferedfrom TB, but highest among ages 25-34 years old. While for HIV/AIDS mostly were ages 20-39 years old.The local government should solve this problem by comprehensive approaches immediately with involvingthe other sectors and community itself. Health education is one of ways to solve this problem for peopleespecially people living in the remote areas, otherwise loss of generation may be happened likely in Papua.Keywords: Leading cause of death, Death registration, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, Papu
MOTIVASI DAN PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGENDALIAN POPULASI AEDES SPP DI KOTA SUKABUMI
No full textDHF is a public health problem in Sukabumi city. The incidence rate of dengue infection in Sukabumi is 350 / 100,000 population and it’s relatively high. Many efforts have been done by Sukabumi government through the district health office, cross-sector, and by the community but so far the results have not been satisfactory yet. The purpose of this study is to observe the differences in the presence of Aedes spp. at the time before and after a treatment carried out. The treatments were given in the form of triggering the community meetings to raise awareness and continued search for a solution for dengue vector control by the community themselves. Increased public participation begins by motivating communities through triggers in the treatment area (RW 11 Baros village and RW 3 Sriwedari village). Larvae survey conducted one month before treatment and two months after treatment. The success of the intervention, decreased the presence of larvae in the intervention area. During post-triggering assistance period, the commitments implementation in RW 03 Sriwedari run relatively well. While in RW 11 Village Baros was less, because not all people carry their mutual commitment. There is a significant difference (p-value <0.05) between the larvae survey before and after the intervention. This shown a success in triggers to motivate the community in controlling Aedes spp. in the study area
GAMBARAN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKTIF KRONIK (PPOK) DI DAERAH PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA, KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM, PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
No full textChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease that become the tenth on top ten global burden of disease, and also the tenth as the non-communicable disease’s cause of death on hospital inpatient. Muara Enim, is one of the districts in the South Sumatra Province which has the largest coal mine in Indonesia, located in the sub-district of Tanjung Enim. There are variety of adverse effects caused by the dredging of coal in the mining area in Muara Enim, including the occurrence of COPD. The study design was cross-sectional. The sample was 469 individual sample in household in the designated area and 504 in the non-designated area. The aim of this study was to describe COPD in the district of Muara Enim, South Sumatra Province. The results shown that the symptoms based cases of COPD is higher in the designated area (1,07%) rather than non-designated area (0,20%), as well as symptoms/diagnosed is higher in the designated area (2,35%). Outdoor and indoor air quality based on the average value of S02, NO2 and PM10 was higher on the designated area, and the habit of smoking more than 1 month is higher in designated area (35,8%). In conclusion, based on the symptoms and the symptoms/diagnosed, the COPD prevalence was higher in the designated area than non-designated area
Faktor Kondisi Pekerjaan Yang Mempengaruhi Stres Kerja Pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Badan Litbang Kesehatan
No full textStres kerja merupakan salah satu masalah K3 yang dialami oleh pekerja di semua sektor dan berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan psikosomatik. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan stres kerja adalah kondisi pekerjaan berupa konten dan konteks pekerjaan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko kondisi pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan stres kerja pegawai di Unit ‘X’ Badan Litbang Kesehatan. Populasi pegawai dibedakan berdasarkan perbedaan jabatan, yaitu fungsional umum dan fungsional peneliti dengan tugas, tanggung jawab, dan tekanan pekerjaan yang berbeda. Disain penelitian adalah cross sectional dan metode yang digunakan adalah sequential explanatory. Terdapat perbedaan prevalensi tingkat stres yang signifikan antara pegawai fungsional umum dan peneliti. Dari pegawai yang mengalami stres, lebih banyak 3,7 kali pada pegawai fungsional umum dibandingkan peneliti. Faktor kondisi pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan stres pegawai fungsional umum adalah beban kerja, jam kerja, gaya manajemen, hubungan interpersonal, dan ergonomi; sedangkan pada pegawai fungsional peneliti adalah beban kerja, rutinitas, gaya manajemen, aturan kerja, dan ergonomi. Kondisi pekerjaan yang berbeda dapat menyebabkan perbedaan tingkat stres kerja. Diperlukan penanggulangan stres yang komprehensif bagi pegawai dan instansi untuk mengurangi tingkat stres pegawai