e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Dampak penggunaan insektisida dalam rumah tangga terhadap keberadaan larva/pupa aedes aegypti di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur, Kalimantan Tengah
No full textAbstract.District of Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan Province remain have problem with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), in fact the highest case of DHF in Central Kalimantan Province was on the district. Insecticide usage behavior on household became one of the trigger of mosquito resistance. The study aimed to define the impact of the frequency and adjustment of insecticide usage on household. Study conducted on top three highest of DHF case of local health service. Sampling did in households consecutively until 100 houses for local health service coverageeach. Data gathered such as insecticide usage on household interview, and inspection for existence of Aedes larva/pupae in the household’s container. Result showed that free larval indices were low, high frequent prolonged insecticide usage, more than one insecticide usage also found in households. The rotation of insecticide usage gave significant impact toward existence of Aedes larva/pupae in household. Advance study recommended as operational research or quasi experimental study to define actual effect and impact from insecticide regular rotation toward Aedes larva/pupae existence in the environment. The study also gave preliminary information to stake holder as education material about the importance of insecticide rotation in community.Keywords: Insecticide usage, policy, resistance, rotation, education.Abstrak. Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur masih bermasalah dengan penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) bahkan menjadi kabupaten tertinggi dengan kasus DBD di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Perilaku menggunakan insektisida rumah tangga menjadi salah satu faktor penting terpicunya resistensi pada nyamuk. Penelitian bertujuan melihat dampak dari frekuensi dan pengaturan penggunaan insektisida pada rumah tangga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga Puskesmas terpilih karena besarnya kasus di wilayah kerja puskesmas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan berurutan hingga 100 rumah setiap puskesmas. Data yang dihimpun berupa data wawancara seputar penggunaan insektisida rumah tangga (obat nyamuk) dan pemeriksaan keberadaan larva/pupa Aedes aegypti di tempat penampungan air rumah tangga. Hasil menunjukkan Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) lingkungan yang diperiksa rendah, tingkat penggunaan insektisida cukup tinggi dengan jangka waktu lama, juga ditemukan penggunaan lebih dari satu jenis insektisida secara bersama. Pengaturan penggunaan (rotasi) insektisida memberikan dampak ketidakberadaan larva/pupa Aedes pada rumah tangga. Penelitian merekomendasikan untuk melakukan penelitian lanjutan berupa riset operasional maupun kuasi eksperimental untuk mengetahui efek sebenarnya dan dampak lanjutan dari rotasi insektisida secara berkala terhadap keberadaan nyamuk Aedes aegypti di suatu lingkungan. Penelitian ini juga memberikan informasi awal bagi stakeholder sebagai bahan edukasi tentang pentingnya rotasi insektisida secara berkala di lingkungan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Penggunaan insektisida, kebijakan, resistensi, rotasi, edukasi
Karateristik habitat Anopheles punctulatus group sebagai vektor malaria di Papua
No full textMalaria masih merupakan persoalan kesehatan di Indonesia. Penyakit ini ditularkan kemanusia melalui gigitan genus nyamuk Anopheles. Penularan penyakit malaria disuatu wilayah ditentukan oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya Agent (parasit malaria), Host (penjamu) dan lingkungan yang saling berinteraksi. Tujuan penulisan artikel mengetahui dan memahami bioekologi nyamuk Anopheles punctulatus group sebagai vektor malaria di Papua sehingga menjadi data dasar untuk strategi dalam program pengendalian penyakittular vektor malaria di daerah tersebut. Artikel ini mereview beberapa artikel menyangkut bioekologi habitat Anopheles punctulatus group yang telah diteliti untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai jenis habitat dan karateristik habitat spesies tersebut. Jenis habitat perkembangbiakan Anopheles punctulatus group antara lain: bekas galian pasir, sumur, selokan/parit dan kolam sementara dengan adanya paparan sinar matahari langsung. Sedangkan jenis vegetasi berupa alga (Clorophyta), rumput (Cyperus rotundus), kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica), enceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) dan tanaman genjer (Limnocharis flava). Jenis dan karateristik habitat Anopheles punctulatus group bergantung pada letak geografis dari suatu wilayah dimana spesies tersebut berada
Lama Pemberian Obat Anti Tuberkulosa dan Kadar Zinc Serum Pasien Paru Anak (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Bogor)
No full textLAMA PEMBERIAN OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSA DAN KADAR ZINC SERUM PASIEN PARU ANAK (STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN BOGOR) Anti Tuberculosis Drugs Treatment Duration and Serum Zinc Level of Child Patients (A Case Study in Bogor District) ABSTRACT Background. Zinc is a potent mediator to body endurance against infection by affecting the function of the cellular immune system which act as the main response in tuberculosa infection. Low level of zinc in the blood, called hipozinsemia, is more often found in child tuberculosis (TB) patients who have not taken anti tuberculoses drugs than those who have received drug therapy. Several previous studies show that there were no different levels of zinc between intensive phase and follow-up phase of therapies, however others indicated contrary results. Objective. The purpose of study is to determine whether there is any differences of serum zinc levels in the intensive phase and follow-up phase of anti-tuberculosis drug as well as to assess the relationship between treatment duration and serum zinc levels. Method. A cross-sectional study design was used with research subjects were children aged 6-59 months who were taken anti-tuberculosis drugs in Bogor District, in 2013. Data analysis used was independent t test and correlation test. Results. There was significant mean difference of serum zinc levels between subject who took anti-tuberculosis drugs in the intensive phase compare to those in the follow-up phase (p=0.015).There was a significant positive correlation between the duration of treatment and the serum zinc levels after controlling nutritional status (r=0.363 p=0.003). Conclusion. Serum zinc levels will increase linearly with tuberculosis drugs treatment duration. A further research is needed to determine whether there is any benefit of zinc supplementation in the intensive phase. Keywords: anti tuberculosis drug, pulmonary tuberculosis, zinc. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Zinc merupakan mediator yang memiliki kemampuan terkait daya tahan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi dengan mempengaruhi fungsi sistem imun sel yang merupakan respons imun utama pada infeksi tuberkulosa (TB). Kadar zinc dalam darah yang rendah atau hipozinsemia lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien TB paru anak yang belum mendapat obat anti tuberkulosa (OAT) dibandingkan pasien yang telah mendapatkan OAT. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya ada yang menunjukkan kadar zinc tidak berbeda antara pemberian OAT fase intensif dengan fase lanjutan, namun ada juga yang menunjukkan hasil sebaliknya. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan kadar zinc serum saat pemberian OAT pada fase intensif dan fase lanjutan serta menilai keeratan hubungan antara lama pengobatan dengan kadar zinc serum. Metode. Desain penelitian potong lintang yang merupakan studi kasus TB paru pada anak umur 6-59 bulan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2013. Analisis data menggunakan uji t test tidak berpasangan dan uji korelasi. Hasil.Ada perbedaan rerata kadar zinc antara anak yang mendapatkan pengobatan di fase intensif dibandingkan yang mendapatkan pengobatan di fase lanjutan (p=0.015). Ada korelasi positif dan bermakna antara lama pengobatan dengan kadar zinc serum setelah faktor status gizi dikontrol (r=0.363 p=0.003) Kesimpulan. Kadar zinc serum akan meningkat seiring dengan jangka waktu terapi OAT yang diberikan. Perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya manfaat pemberian suplemen mikronutrien zinc pada fase intensif. Kata kunci: OAT, tuberkulosa paru, zinc
Gambaran Rumah Potong Hewan/Tempat Pemotongan Hewan di Kabupaten Sigi, Sulawesi Tengah
No full textSlaughterhouse is a public service unit that works to supply safe, healthy, whole and halal meat, also for monitoring and surveilance animal disease and zoonosis. The condition of a slaughterhouse is very affecting in the supply of healthy meat for people. This study aimed to find out the eligible condition of slaughter house at Sigi District. The research included analytical survey with cross sectional design, which done by observation and interview. The research was conducted at Biromaru slaughter house and three pig slaughter house at Jono Oge Village from April to November 2014. The results of the study showed that the condition of slaughter house at Sigi does not meet the standards set by the government, so it is necessary to do some improvement including the management, advice, and the infrastructure. Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) merupakan unit pelayanan masyarakat dalam penyediaan daging yang Aman, Sehat, Utuh, dan Halal (ASUH), tempat pemantauan dan survailans penyakit hewan serta zoonosis. Kondisi RPH yang baik sangat mendukung dalam penyediaan kebutuhan daging yang sehat bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kelayakan RPH atau T empat Pemotongan Hewan (TPH) di Kabupaten Sigi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi di RPH Biromaru dan tiga TPH Babi yang ada di Desa Jono Oge dari bulan April-November 2014 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi RPH/TPH di Kabupaten Sigi tidak memenuhi standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah, sehingga disarankan perlu adanya perbaikan infrastruktur meliputi manajemen, saran, dan prasarana yang ada. Slaughterhouse is a public service unit that works to supply safe, healthy, whole and halal meat, also for monitoring and surveilance animal disease and zoonosis. The condition of a slaughterhouse is very affecting in the supply of healthy meat for people. This study aimed to find out the eligible condition of slaughter house at Sigi District. The research included analytical survey with cross sectional design, which done by observation and interview. The research was conducted at Biromaru slaughter house and three pig slaughter house at Jono Oge Village from April to November 2014. The results of the study showed that the condition of slaughter house at Sigi does not meet the standards set by the government, so it is necessary to do some improvement including the management, advice, and the infrastructure. Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) merupakan unit pelayanan masyarakat dalam penyediaan daging yang Aman, Sehat, Utuh, dan Halal (ASUH), tempat pemantauan dan survailans penyakit hewan serta zoonosis. Kondisi RPH yang baik sangat mendukung dalam penyediaan kebutuhan daging yang sehat bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kelayakan RPH atau T empat Pemotongan Hewan (TPH) di Kabupaten Sigi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi di RPH Biromaru dan tiga TPH Babi yang ada di Desa Jono Oge dari bulan April– November 2014 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi RPH/TPH di Kabupaten Sigi tidak memenuhi standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah, sehingga disarankan perlu adanya perbaikan infrastruktur meliputi manajemen, saran, dan prasarana yang ada. © 2015 Jurnal Vektor Penyakit. All rights reserve
Kerentanan Schistosoma japonicum terhadap Praziquantel di Napu dan Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah Indonesia
No full textSchistosomiasis in Indonesia are found in Napu, Lindu and Bada highland, Central Sulawesi. This disease was caused by Trematode worm, Schistosoma japonicum. Schistosomiasis still a public health problem which its prevalence increase every year. The large scale treatment by mass chemotherapy using praziquantel was done to reduce the prevalence of schistosomiasis since 1980’s. The objective of this research was to identify the development of resistance in Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel in endemic areas. Field study was conducted in endemic areas Napu and Lindu in April –November 2011. All of the 80 stool-positive subjects in Napu and 60 stool-positive subjects in Lindu, were treated with a single dose of 60 mg/kg of praziquantel. On three, six, nine, and 12 weeks after treatment, all of the subjects were examined again using the same stool examination. The results showed that on three weeks examination after treatment, stool-negative results were found in all subjects which represents a 100% parasitological cure rate. All stool samples were re-examined six, nine, and 12 weeks after the first treatment and no stool-positive subjects were found. The results indicate that there was no evidence for reduced susceptibility of S.japonicum to praziquantel despite its extensive use in the endemic areas of Napu and Lindu for more than 20 years
Habitat Perkembangbiakan Spesifik Anopheles sp Di Tambang Emas Kura-Kura Banian (Perubahan Perilaku Anopheles sp)
No full textThe results of Health Research 2010, showed that malaria was an infectious disease that the sixth cause of death cause of the sixth of death in Indonesia. Kotabaru is a malaria endemic district, especially in Puskesmas Banian, Annual Parasite Incidence 241.19 in 2014 where the cases of malaria with occurring in illegal gold mines on the slopes of Banian Mountain. It’s needed to know the factors that affect the existence of malaria in these locations. This research was observational study doing by cross-sectional study and analyzed by descriptively. Research conducted at the Gold Mine Banian Buluh Kuning village, Sungai Durian subdistric, Kotabaru district, South Kalimantan Province in February and March, 2015. The activities were catching larva and adult mosquitoes, environmental and mosquito breeding habitats observation and Mass Blood Survey. It was found Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles leucosphyrus with very low densities in area with the number of malaria cases by 22.99%. It was found divers breeding habitats of Anopheles sp on a former gold wash, former drum and former plastic containers. This indicated a behavioral change of Anopheles breeding places because previous to this the Anopheles breed in puddles on the ground or direct contact with the ground
Distribusi dan Perilaku Vektor Malaria di Kabupaten Merauke, Papua
Get PDFAbstract Malaria is still a public health problem in Indonesia, often leading to outbreak and ranks 8th out of the top ten leading causes of death in East Indonesia. Merauke Regency is a regency in East Indonesia still has the problem of malaria. Information about the capability of transmitting malaria in the region is still lacking, therefore in June 2014 a research has been done on the Distribution and Behavior of Malaria Vectors in Merauke. The goal of the research is to understand the bio-ecology of malaria vectors as a basic for the development of malaria control policy of the Department of Health Merauke in accordance with local environmental conditions. The study was conducted in four districts in Merauke. ie Tanah Miring district, Kurik, Sota and Merauke. The results showed that in Merauke the natural breeding habitat were ditches, puddles, ponds and marshes, rice fields, irrigation canals and man-made habitats such as a hole as a results of digging soil to make bricks. Anopheles larvae and mosquitoes that were successfully collected from the district of Merauke were An. bancroftii, An. farauti A1b, An. hilli, An. lungae, An. meraukensis, and An. peditaeniatus.Keywords: malaria vector, Anopheles spp., behavior, distributionAbstrakMalaria masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia, sering menimbulkan wabah dan peringkat ke-8 dari sepuluh penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia Timur. Kabupaten Merauke merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Indonesia Timur yang masih memiliki masalah malaria. Informasi tentang vektor penular malaria di wilayah tersebut masih sangat kurang, oleh karena itu pada bulan Juni 2014 telah dilakukan penelitian Distribusi dan Perilaku Vektor Malaria di Kabupaten Merauke, dengan tujuan memahami Bio-ekologi vektor malaria sebagai dasar pengembangan kebijakan pengendalian malaria bagi Dinas Kesehatan Merauke yang sesuai dengan kondisi lingkungan setempat. Penelitian dilakukan di 4 distrik di Kabupaten Merauke. yaitu distrik Tanah miring, Kurik, Sota dan Merauke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Kabupaten Merauke terdapat habitat perkembangbiakan alami berupa parit, kobakan, kubangan, kolam dan rawa-rawa, persawahan dan saluran irigasi dan dan buatan manusia berupa kolam tidak produktif yang terbentuk akibat galian tanah untuk membuat batu bata. Larva dan nyamuk Anopheles yang berhasil dikoleksi dari wilayah Kabupaten Merauke adalah An. bancroftii, An. farauti A1b, An. hilli, An. lungae, An. meraukensis, dan An. peditaeniatus.Kata kunci : vektor malaria, Anopheles spp., perilaku, distribus
GAMBARAN PAPARAN BENZENE DALAM RUMAH TERHADAP PROFIL DARAH KAWASAN INDUSTRI DAN PEMUKIMAN
Get PDFABSTRACTBenzene is a substances that is classified asA2is a chemical carcinogen to humans(suspectedhumancarcinogen), and is a hazardous chemical substances contained in products of oil and gas, both raw and finished products. The existence of benzene in petroleum products and natural gas can also in the processof exploration, as well as arising from processing and. roduction. With those background, this research was conducted toassociatebetween benzene and blood profiles. The study was conducted in 2012 in thecity of Dumai, Riau Province. The study design was using Special Research on Environmental Pollution20/2, Type-1 Health Study suggested the U.S. Agency.* Toxic Substances and Drug, Registry(ATSDR), whilethe statistical analysiswas performed usingindependent sample t-test. Population of the studywaspopulationinDumai citv,and the sample population was selected by ramdom sampling and live in East Dumai(exposed) and South Dumai(non-exposed).The resultshowedthat the of physics levels of airatexposed and non exposed(humidity,air flow and temperature) homeon average has exceeded the quality standard ISO/9-0232-2005.Moderate levels of benzene in both the exposure andnon-exposure locationhas not exceeded the quality standard ISO/9-0232-2005.The results of the analysis of blood profiles(hemoglobin,leukocytes, hematocrit, and erythrocyte, platelet) showed that the proportion of non-exposedand exposedlocationnot significantly different by using t-test independent. These resultssuggestedthat there is aneed for monitoring and evaluation of the petroleum industry sites to determine the impact onhealth.Keywords: Benzene, Phenol Urine, Oil Refinery ABSTRAKBenzene merupakan bahan kimia yang diklasifikasikan A2 yaitu zat kimia yang karsinogen untuk manusia (sApected human carcinogen), dan merupakan zat kimia berbahaya terkandung dalam produk minyak dan gas, balk produk mentah maupun produk jadi. Keberadaan benzene dalam produk minyak dan gas dapatsecara alami dan juga pada proses ekplorasi, maupun yang timbul karena adanya proses pengolahan dan produksi. Dengan latar belakang tersebut dilakukan penelitian kaitan antara benzene dalam rumah danprotil darah. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2012 di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Desain penelitianmenggunakan Riset Khusus Pencemaran Lingkungan 2012, Type-I Health Study yang disarankan USAgency for Toxic Substances and Drugs Registry (ATSDR). Analisis statistik dengan uji independent t-test. Populasi studi adalah penduduk Kota Dumai, dengan sampel penduduk terpilih dengan cara randomsampling dan tinggal di Kecamatan Dumai Timur (ekspose) dan Dumai Selatan (non ekspose). Hasil penelitian mununjukkan bahwa kadar fisika udara dalam rumah lokasi ekspose dan non ekspose(kelembaban, laju udara dan suhu ) rata-rata telah melampaui baku mutu SNI No.19-0232-2005. Sedangkadar benzene dalam rumah baik lokasi ekspose dan non ekspose belum melampaui baku mutu SNI No.19-0232-2005. Hasil analysis protil darah (hemoglobin, leukosit, hematokrit, eritrosit dan , thrombosit)menunjukkan bahwa proporsi lokasi expose dan non expose tidak berbeda bermakna dengan mengunakanuji t-test independent. Dari hasil tersebut disaraknan bahwa perlu adanya monitoring dan evaluasi lokasilokasiindustry perminyakan untuk mengetahui dampak terhadap kesehatan.Kata kunci: Kilang Minyak, Lingkungan dalam rumah, Benzene, Profil dara
Peran Teman Sebaya terhadap Perilaku Seksual Pranikah pada Remaja Laki-Laki dan Perempuan di Indonesia
No full textAbstractAdolescents are at high risk for a number of negative health consequences associated with early and unsafe sexual activity. This study is aimed at analyzing the roles of peer group on adolescent premarital sexual behaviour on male and female in Indonesia. This study was used secondary data of Indonesian Reproductive and Health Survey 2012 with cross sectional design. Sample used for the analysis were 19,766 adolescents aged 15–24 years (10884 males and 8882 females). Logistic regressions were used for analysis with significance level 5% and convidence interval 95%. The result shows that male had 9.3 fold higher risk of premarital sexual behavior males compared to female adolescents. Male adolescents who had friends experiencing to premarital sex had 11–fold higher risk of premarital sexual behavior. While female adolescents who had friends experiencing to premarital sex had 4–fold higher risk of premarital sexual behavior. Policy implication of these findings is the importance of health workers to collaborate with peer group, particularly for male adolescents to provide positive model in order to reduce premarital sex behavior.Keywords : premarital sexual behaviour, peers, adolescents, gender.AbstrakRemaja sangat rentan terhadap perilaku seksual berisiko yang akan berakibat negatif terhadap status kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran teman sebaya terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja laki–laki dan perempuan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Survei Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Indonesa (SKRRI) tahun 2012 dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Besar sampel yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah 19766 remaja usia 15–24 tahun (10884 laki-laki dan 8882 perempuan). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik dengan tingkat kemaknaan 5% dan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa risiko perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja laki–laki 9.3 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan remaja perempuan. Remaja laki–laki yang memiliki teman pernah melakukan seks pranikah memiliki risiko 11 kali lebih besar untuk melakukan seks pranikah. Sedangkan pada remaja perempuan, risiko tersebut lebih kecil yaitu sebesar 4 kali. Implikasi kebijakan dari temuan ini adalah perlunya tenaga kesehatan menjalin kerjasama dengan teman sebaya (peer group), terutama pada remaja laki-laki untuk memberikan contoh positif dalam mengurangi perilaku seksual pranikah.Kata kunci : perilaku seksual pranikah, teman sebaya, remaja, gende