e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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RISIKO KESEHATAN SISTEM PERNAFASAN AKIBAT PEMANFAATAN BAHAN BAKAR BRIKET BATUBARA
No full textAbstract. A Study was conducted during 1997-1998 inPedan, Klaten, Central Java for collectinginformation on health effects of using coal briquet fuel. The odds ratios (OR) for 95% confident intervals(CI) were analysed by comparing the risk of the respiratory disease between people who use coal briquet fuel in their houses and similar households not using such fuels for cooking. Result of analysis show: OR95%CI of mother for: whooping cough 5.07(0.61-42.35),chronical sputum 4.05(0.46-35.43), air way resistance 0.17 ( 0.02-1.37), while asthma, chest pain, and tuberculosis were not detected. The analysis ofOR among children under five years old for: whooping cough 1.27(0.64-2.52),chronical sputum 0.51(0.13.68),asthma 4.05(0.46-35.43), air way resistance 1.35(0.35-5.83), whereas wheezing, chest pain, andtuberculosiswere not detected. Less significant OR was shown for mother (whooping cough andchronicalsputum),and for children under five years old (whooping cough, asthma, and air way resistance). The studysuggeststhat coal briquet fuel should be used with precautions and care. Used carefully, it can be used for long-term heating
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN SUHU TINGGI DAN SUHU RENDAH TERHADAP KONSUMSI ZAT GIZI DAN STATUS GIZI ORANG DEWASA
No full textABSTRACTThe imbalance nutrition intake for a long term period can cause changes in weight, body composition andmay alter health problem. The environment temperature can affect the 24 Hours Energy Expenditure (24-hEE) magnitude. This research was aimed to investigate the differences of adult's nutrient intake pattern inhigh-temperature and low-temperature area. Research was held in high-temperature area (Jakarta) and lowtemperaturearea (Tawangmangu). Frequency distribution analysis was done to obtain the respondentcharacteristics, while bivariat test was done to determine the difference of energy consumption rate andnutritions. The results showed that the subjects in high-temperature area consumed higher total protein,total vitamin B2 and total calcium than the subjects in low-temperature area. Subject in low-temperaturearea consumed more partial calcium compare to subjects in high-temperature area. There was a signifiCantdifference in average of total vitamin A intake between less and overweight group (p=0,049); normal andoverweight group (p=0,007) and between overweight and obese group (p=0,004).Keywords: Nutrient intake, nutrition status, environment temperature ABSTRAKKetidakseimbangan asupan zat gizi pada jangka waktu yang lama mengakibatkan perubahan berat badan,komposisi tubuh dan memungkinan timbulnya gangguan kesehatan. Suhu lingkungan mempengaruhibesaran 24 Hours Energy Expenditure (24-h EE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan polakonsumsi zat gizi orang dewasa di lingkungan bersuhu tinggi dan lingkungan bersuhu rendah. Penelitiandilakukan di area bersuhu tinggi (Jakarta) dan area bersuhu rendah (Tawangmangu). Analisis distribusifrekuensi dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik responden sedangkan uji bivariat dilakukan untukmengetahui beda jumlah konsumsi energi dan zat gizi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subyek padaarea suhu tinggi mengonsumsi protein total, vitamin B2 total dan kalsium total lebih banyak dibandingkansubyek di area suhu rendah. Sebaliknya subyek pada area suhu rendah mengonsumsi lebih banyak kalsiumparsial dibandingkan subyek di area suhu tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna pada asupan VitA total antara kelompok gizi kurang dan lebih (p=0,049); kelompok gizi normal dan lebih (p=0,007) danantara kelompok gizi lebih dan obese (p=0,004).Kata kunci: Konsumsi zat gizi, status gizi, suhu lingkunga
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN MALARIA DI INDONESIA ( ANALISIS DATA RISKESDAS 2007)
No full textMalaria in Indonesia is a public health problem. The prevalence still have a tendency to increasein all province in Indonesia. Many factors are influencing the malaria incident among other theenvironment, physicall, biologic or social in a place. The purpose of this analysis is to learn and find factorsinfluencing malaria incident. Sources of data were from the riskesdas 2007. Varibel used for the purpose ofthis analysis were age, gender, individual occupation, used bednet, breed cattle and malariaprevalence.Data analyse was conducted in Logit (Logistik Biner) model or nonlinier model. The result onanalyse showed that respondents of age deferent have significance corelation with risk probability malariaincident in one month to finish.The risk of having incident malaria of group adult age 1,30 times morecompared of risk to have group adult old, and the risk probability malaria incident of group young age are1,279 times compared to group adult age (60 th).The probability to have deferent of gender not significancecorrelation betwen women and man. Malaria incident of worker on famer or fisherman department withhigh risk are 1,22 times more of risk to compared worker other. Malaria incident of human being sleepingnot with bednet high risk are 0,646 times more compared of risk to compared sleeping with bednet.The riskof having malaria incident of breed cattle indoor with high risk are 1,246 times more compared of risk tohave compared of breed cattle oudoor.Keywords: Malaria Incident, Age, Gender, Worker, Breed Cattl
MODEL PENINGKATAN HYGIENE SANITASI PONDOK PESANTREN DI KABLTPATEN TANGERANG
No full textPondok pesantren is one of the educational institutions in Indonesia which all students live together in boarding. Almost 80% of 40.000pondok pesantren in Indonesia are still vulnerable in terms ofproviding the hygienic water and the soundsanitaties. In the research done 2004, the number of casesamong other things were:Tb. Paru Klinis (1,3%),ISPA (44,1%),Diare (10,5%), Scabies (12,3%),Tinea versicolor (4,0%),Tlnea Cruris (16,0%), other Dermatitis (18,5%),Morbus Hansen (0,6%). It is alsoshowed that the respondent knowledge about the communicable disease in terms of its symptoms, its spreading pattern and preventionmeasweswere stillumproper, besides their bad individual hygieneattitude. The observation result showed that the environment condition was not sound. The hygienesanitation development ofPondok Pesantren in Kabupaten Tangerang is the effort to develop the healthiness' level ofsantri, it was done through giving the guidance book to establishPos Pesantren HealthForce Institution of Pondok Pesantren (UKP).This research was done in 6 pondok pesantren over thePuskesmas Jayanti area,Kabupaten Tangerang which divided into 3 groups of treatment with differentstages of UKP establishment. The full stage includes i.e. (1) Across segment's meeting in kecamatan, (2)Internal Meeting inPondok Pesantren, (3) Training forSantri Husada's Cadre, (4) Arranging the planning of activities, (5) Activities' execution, (6) Evaluation. The first treatment was dont 6 stages, the secondtreatment 5 stages (without across segment's meeting inkecamatan), the third treatment 4 stages (without across segment's meeting inkecamatan and Internal Meeting inPondok Pesantren). The result showedacross segment's meeting inKecamatan agree to support the establishment ofUKP Institution as a coordination support sinceCamat is not the regional head any more. KantorUrusan Agama (KUA) supportthese activities as well but cannot interfere directly topondok pesantren's compulsary. Internal meeting in 4 pondok pesantren showed that the support from themanagement/teacher/Kiai of Pondok pesantren isabsolutely needed. Full stage model is needed in allkecamatan. The second model (with 5 stages) shouldbe done in everypondok pesantren. The activities ofSantri Husada's cadre need sustainable guidance fromthe health official inKabupaten Tangerang
PANJANG BADAN LAHIR PENDEK SEBAGAI SALAH SATU FAKTOR DETERMINAN KETERLAMBATAN TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK USIA 6-23 BULAN DI KELURAHAN JATICEMPAKA, KECAMATAN PONDOK GEDE, KOTA BEKASI
No full textABSTRACT Malnutrition early in life will have an impact on the quality of human resources. Malnourished children will experience a failure to achieve optimal growth and development. This study aims to determine factors associated with growth and development of children aged 6-23 months. This study used cross sectional design conducted in the village Jaticempaka, PondokGede, Bekasi. The population is children aged 6-23 months with a total samples of 95. Growth was defined by nutritional status using length for age index. Child development was measured by using Denver Developmental Screening Test II. Dataof gender, age, morbidity, birth weight and length and parents characteristics were collected using questionnaire. The data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The results showed that gender, age, birth length, and father’s education were significantly associated with child growth and development. Birth length is one of the determinant factors of growth and development of children. Children who shorter in birth length has the opportunity to experience three times more likely to experience stunting and developmental delay (OR adj=3.08 ; CI 95% 1.03-9.15) after being controlled by age, gender and level of father’s education. The consumption pattern of balanced nutrition both during pregnancy and early life of the child and father support knowledge about nutrition and health are needed so that children can grow and develop optimally. Keywords: Birth length, growth and development, under two children ABSTRAK Kekurangan gizi pada awal kehidupan anak akan berdampak pada kualitas sumber daya manusia. Anak yang kurang gizi akan mengalami kegagalan mencapai pertumbuhan dan perkembangan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan keterlambatan tumbuh kembang anak umur 6-23 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain crossectional yang dilakukan di Kelurahan Jaticempaka, Kecamatan Pondok Gede, Kota Bekasi. Populasi adalah anak umur 6-23 bulan dengan total sampel diperoleh 95 umur 6-23 bulan. Status gizi dihitung berdasarkan indeks TB/U. Perkembangan diukur berdasarkan alat ukur Denver Developmental Screening Test II. Data jenis kelamin, umur, morbiditas, berat badan dan panjang badan lahir dan karakteristik keluarga dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin, umur dan panjang badan lahir berhubungan bermakna dengan tumbuh kembang anak. Panjang badan lahir merupakan salah satu determinan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Anak yang panjang badan lahirnya pendek memiliki peluang 3 kali lebih besar mengalami mengalami stunting dan keterlambatan perkembangan (OR adj=3,08 ; CI 95% 1,03-9,15) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur anak, jenis kelamin anak dan tingkat pendidikan ayah. Pola konsumsi gizi seimbang baik pada saat kehamilan dan awal kehidupan anak serta dukungan pengetahuan ayah tentang gizi dan kesehatan diperlukan agar anak dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal. Kata kunci: Panjang badan, tumbuh kembang, anak badut
HUBUNGAN KOMPETENSI DAN PELAKSANAAN WEWENANG BIDAN PRAKTIK MANDIRI DI KOTA BOGOR TAHUN 2013
No full textThe reduction of maternal mortality rate is one of the MDGs targets that require efforts to achieve the target of 102 per 100,000 live births in 2015. The high maternal mortality rate in Indonesia can be caused by less adequate health care workforce, especially midwives. A midwive who provide care by herself, not as a part of a health care provider is called as a private midwives (BPM). Private midwives should have proper competencies while conducting her clinical practice. This analysis aimed to determine the effect of BPM competencies on the implementation of their authorities in Bogor city. This research involved 35 BPMs along with their superiors and colleagues for triangulation. The study was conducted by in-depth interviews and self administered questionnaires to assess the competencies and authorities of BPM. Samples were taken by snow ball sampling to find the eligible BPM which educated based on 2002 curricula. The relationship between competencies and authorities of BPM were analyzed by Pearson correlation test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the competencies of BPM and the implementation of their authorities (0.046 > α), with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.339. It showed that the higher the competencies of BPM , the higher the implemention of their authorities
KONSUMSI ENERGI,PROTEIN DAN LEMAK PADA RUMAH TANGGA YANG MEMPUNYAI ANAK USIA 3-5 TAHUN MENURUT PEDOMAN UMUM GIZI SEIMBANG (PUGS) DAN TINGKAT SOSIAL EKONOMI (ANALISIS DATA SEKUNDER RISKESDAS TAHUN 2007/2008)
No full textAbstract Household consumption is one of factors that play impotant role in creating a healthy family.Balanced diet be it in amount or variation is highly needed because there is no food that consist of-nor dothey have enough amount-every nutrition that are needed by body. To get used to consume foods thatcontain balanced diet is one of the ways to overcome double nutrition problems, be it malnutrition oroverweight that the Indonesian government faced. Foods for child 3-5 years old are still depend on foodthat are prepared by nannies, which are the same with food prepared for adults. It is interesting to studyhow energy, protein, and fat consumption on households that have child age 3-5 years old, considering thisgroup of age is the age of pre-school so they need to have the ultimate health. Objective: this analysis studyhow energy, protein, and fat consumption on households that have children age 3-5 years old according toPUGS and also social economic status. Method: Sample that are being analyzed are as much as 16348households that have children age 3-5 years old that derived from RISKESDAS year 2007/2008 data.Result: 46,7% of households are according to PUGS advices. Social factor economic, education of theleader of household, and the amount of member of the household are related to household's ability toprovide energy, protein and fat consumption according to PUGS. The socio economic, head of householdeducation level, and also amount of family member, are factors that related to the ability of household toprovide consumption of energy, protein, and fat according to PUGS advices. This is shown byOR:1.25(1.18-1.34) for household with socio economic level in kuintil 1-3, OR:1.12(1.05-1.20) foreducation level of household graduate from junior high school or lower. OR:1.16(1.19-1.24) for member ofhousehold more than four persons. Conclusion: Most of households that have children age 3-5 years old(53.3%) not yet have energy, protein and fat consumption according to PUGS advices. Therefore the effortto increase family that are aware of nutritions is highly needed. So, the effort to increase nutritions awarefamily programe in the society are extreamly needed.Keywords: Nutritional guidelines,child under five years. AbstrakLatar Belakang Masalah: Membiasakan mengkonsumsi hidangan sehari-hari dengan susunan zatgizi seimbang merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menanggulangi masalah gizi ganda, baik gizi kurangmaupun gizi lebih yang saat ini dihadapi pemerintah Indonesia. Konsumsi makanan yang seimbang baikjumlah ataupun jenis pangan sangat diperlukan karena dalam satu jenis pangan tidak tersedia zat-zat gizisecara lengkap dan memenuhi kebutuhan tubuh. Anak usia 3-5 tahun sudah mengkonsumsi makanan yangsama dengan orang dewasa namun masih tergantung kepada makanan yang disediakan pengasuh di rumahtangga. Kesesuaian konsumsi energi, protein dan lemak rumah tangga yang mempunyai anak usia 3-5tahun dengan anjuran PUGS menurut tingkat sosial ekonomi belum pernah dipelajari secara khusus.TujuanAnalisis: Analisis ini akan mengkaji bagaimana konsumsi energi, protein dan lemak pada rumah tanggayang mempunyai anak usia 3-5 tahun menurut anjuran PUGS dan tingkat sosial ekonomi. Metodologi:Sampel yang dianalisis sebanyak 16348 rumah tangga yang memiliki anak usia 3-5 tahun berasal dari dataRISKESDAS 2007/2008. Hasil analisis: Sebanyak (46.7%) rumah tangga termasuk kategori telahmengkonsumsi energi (60%), protein (15%) dan lemak (25%) dalam konsumsi sehari sesuai anjuranPUGS. Faktor sosial ekonomi, pendidikan kepala keluarga dan jumlah anggota rumah tangga berhubungandengan kemampuan rumah tangga menyediakan konsumsi energi, protein dan lemak sesuai anjuran PUGS.Hal ini di tunjukkan dengan OR:1.25(1.18-1.34) untuk rumah tangga dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi padakuintil 1-3, 'OR:1.12(1.05-1.20) pendidikan kepala keluarga SMP tamat atau lebih rendah danOR:1.16(1.19-1.24) jumlah anggota rumah tangga lebih dari empat orang. Kesimpulan:Sebanyak (53.3%)rumah tangga yang mempunyai anak usia 3-5 th belum mengkonsumsi energi, protein dan lemak sesuai anjuran PUGS. Oleh karena itu upaya peningkatan program keluarga radar gizi (kadarzi) di masyarakatsangat diperlukan.Kata kunci: PUGS, anak usia 3-5 tahun
INTERVENSI PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA TENTANG HIV-AIDS DI SMA 1 SIDEMEN KABUPATEN KARANGASEM, PROVINSI BALI
No full textLatar belakang: Remaja merupakan golongan yang rentan terhadap masalah-masalah perilaku berisiko, seperti melakukan hubungan seksual sebelum menikah dan penyalah gunaan napza yang meningkatkan terjadinya penularan HIV-AIDS. Tujuan: Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja tentang HIV-AIDS sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Metode: Penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest-postest design serta menggunakan teknik Stratified Proportionale Random Sampling, terhadap 80 responden. Variabel pengetahuan dan sikap diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Uji statistik menggunakan uji wilcoxon. Hasil: Penelitian ini mencatat bahwa pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah penyuluhan adalah 56 vs 96 (p value ≤ 0,001). Skor sikap remaja sebelum dan setelah penyuluhan adalah 30 vs 75 (p value ≤ 0,001). Kesimpulan: Ada perbedaan bermakna pada pengetahuan dan sikap remaja tentang HIV-AIDS sebelum dan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan
FAKTOR PENDUKUNG KEBERHASILAN PRAKTIK INISIASI MENYUSU DINI DI RS SWASTA DAN RUMAH SAKIT PEMERINTAH DI JAKARTA
No full textLatar Belakang: Salah satu tujuan Pembangunan Milenium (MDGs) adalah menurunkan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) sebesar dua pertiga hingga tahun 2015. Program Inisiasi Menyusu Dini merupakan langkah penting untuk mencegah kematian bayi di masa awal kehidupannya melalui pemberian ASI di dua jam pertama kehidupan bayi. Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mendukung keberhasilan dan menjadi penghambat pelaksanaan IMD di Rumah Sakit tahun 2014. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksploratif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap 30 informan ibu dan 6 informan tenaga kesehatan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan juga dilakukan triangulasi data untuk menjaga validitas data serta observasi terhadap lingkungan Rumah Sakit. Rumah Sakit yang dipilih adalah RS Swasta ‘X’ mewakili RS Swasta dan RSUD ‘Y’ mewakili RS Pemerintah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil: Faktor yang dapat mendukung keberhasilan pelaksanaan IMD adalah proses persalinan, kondisi ibu dan bayi paska persalinan, pengetahuan ibu mengenai pentingnya IMD, dukungan suami dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan dalam pelaksanaan IMD. Kesimpulan: Tingginya tingkat keberhasilan pelaksanaan IMD di RS Swasta ‘X’ karena sinergi antar tenaga kesehatan dalam pelaksanaan persalinan yang aman dan nyaman bagi ibu dan bayi, pengetahuan ibu yang baik mengenai manfaat IMD serta dukungan suami dan tenaga kesehatan mulai dari proses persalinan sampai proses IMD selesai dilakukan. Hal sebaliknya terjadi di RS Pemerintah dimana tingkat kegagalan IMD sangat tinggi paska persalinan
