e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN MADANG SUKU III KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR TENTANG FILARIASIS LIMFATIK
No full textABSTRACTThe research on "Community Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) about Lymphatic Filariasis inMadang Suku III Sub District, Oku Timur has been done with cross sectional design. This study is a followup of studies about filariasis parasite periodicity in the village of Karya Makmur, Oku Timur. There were377 respondents with proporsional random sampling methode. The data collection was carrying byquesioner. The result of this research showed that the respondent's knowledge about the causes,symthomps, transmission and prevention of lymphatic filariasis was still not good. Respondent attitudestowards the prevention eradication of lymphatic filariasis has shown a positive attitude. Whereas, thebehavior of people with a habit out at night at risk in the process of transmission of lymphatic filariasis.Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practice, lymphatic filariasis ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku masyarakat berkaitan dengan filariasis limphatik telahdilakukan di Kecamatan Madang Suku III, Kabupaten OKU Timur dengan design penelitian adalah crosssectional. Penelitian ini merupakan lanjutan dari penelitian sebelumnya tentang periodesitas parasitfilariasis di Desa Karya Makmur, OKU Timur. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 377 responden denganmetode proporsional random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan responden mengenai penyebab, gejala, proses penularandan pencegahan filariasis limphatik masih kurang baik. Sikap responden terhadap pencegahan danpemberantasan filariasis limphatik sudah menununjukkan sikap yang positif. Sedangkan perilakumasyarakat dengan kebiasaan keluar pada malam hari berisiko dalam proses penularan filariasis limphatik.Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku, Filariasis Limphati
Maternal education, prematurity and the risk of birth asphyxia in selected hospitals in Jakarta
No full textAbstrakLatar belakang: Asfiksia dapat menyebabkan kerusakan organ berat dan berakibat fatal pada bayi barulahir. Berdasarkan hasil analisis lanjut Riskesdas 2007, asfiksia merupakan penyebab kematian keduapada bayi setelah infeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berkaitandengan kejadian bayi asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir.Metode: Data diambil dari rekam medik wanita hamil yang melahirkan di dua rumah sakit (RS) diJakarta, yang dipilih secara purposif di antara yang melahirkan pada periode 1 Januari sampai 31Desember 2011. Kelahiran asfiksia ialah bayi baru lahir dengan skor Apgar kurang dari tujuh, satu menitsetelah lahir. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi logistik.Hasil: Pada analisis ini diperoleh 2777 sampel dari 4191 yang memiliki data lengkap. Proporsi asfiksiapada bayi baru lahir adalah 6,5%. Jika dibandingkan wanita berpendidikan tinggi, wanita berpendidikanrendah memiliki risiko melahirkan bayi asfiksia 4,3 kali lebih tinggi [rasio odds suaian (ORa) = 4,31;P=0,000], sedangkan wanita berpendidikan menengah dibandingkan dengan yang tinggi berisiko 3,3kali lebih tinggi melahirkan bayi dengan asfiksia (ORa=3,31; P=0,000).Selanjutnya, jika dibandingkan bayi cukup bulan, bayi prematur memiliki risiko 3,1 kali lebih tinggimengalami asfiksia (ORa=3,07; P=0,000), sedangkan bayi postmatur 63% (namun tidak signifikan) lebihtinggi berisiko mengalami asfiksia (P=0.118).Kesimpulan: Wanita yang memiliki tingkat pendidikan rendah dan menengah serta bayi prematur memiliki risikolebih tinggi mempunyai bayi baru lahir yang asfiksia. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2015;6:111-5)Kata kunci: pendidikan, prematur, asfiksia bayi baru lahir AbstractBackground: Birth asphyxia can causes hypoxic ischemic organ damage in neonates. According toadvanced Indonesian Basic Health Research 2007, asphyxia was the second highest cause of infant deathafter infection (13.8%). This study aimed to identify several risk factors associated with birth asphyxia.Methods: This study was carried out in one government and one private hospitals in Jakarta. All medicalrecords of pregnant women who gave birth between January 1 to December 31 of 2011 were included.Birth asphyxia was defined as an Apgar score less then seven at one minute after birth. Logistic regressionwas used to analyze the risk factors related to birth asphyxia.Results: As many as 2777 samples out of 4191 were included for this analysis. The proportion of asphyxiain newborn babies was 6.5%. Compared with those who had high educated mothers, those who had loweducation level had 4.3-fold higher risk to have an asphyxiated baby [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 4.31;P=0.000]. Meanwhile middle educated mothers had 3.3-fold higher risk to have birth asphyxia (ORa=3.31;P=0.000). In terms of gestasional age at birth, compared with those who had full term birth, those who hadpreterm birth had 3.1-fold higher risk to have birth asphyxia (ORa=3.07; P=0.000). Meanwhile, althoughnot significant, those who had postterm birth had 63% more risk (P=0.118) to have birth asphyxia.Conclusion: The mother who had lower and middle education levels as well as preterm babies had higherrisk for having birth asphyxia baby. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2015;6:111-5)Keyword: maternal education, prematurity, birth asphyxi
SITUASI KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS DI INDONESIA, TAHUN 2010-2014
No full textABSTRACT The event of traffic accidents become concerning problems within the community, due to significant number of severe injuries and deaths. This paper will describe traffic accident occurrence in Indonesia during 2010 – 2014. The materials came from traffic accidents data collected by Traffic Corporations Republic of Indonesia (Korlantas) and Hospital Information System (SIRS) on 2013. In-depth Interview dan Roundtable Discussion (RTD) were done to elicit information regarding the management of traffic accident cases. The results show that traffic accident cases slightly decrease compared to previous years, however the death proportion remains the same. Provinces with the proportion of deaths due to traffic injuries increased over 50 percent while the fatalities of traffic accidents in the most populated provinces are increased. Events and deaths due to traffic accidents are dominated by age group between 26-30 years old who were riding a motorcycle. The most direct cause of death is head injuries, while the external causes of the accidents are recorded as a traffic accident without detailed description. The study conludes that traffic accidents and deaths are public health issues which should be handled holistically and comprehensively by the related agencies. It is suggested that the implementation of Decade of Action for Road Safety program should be periodically evaluated especially for closing potholes, repair sharp bend, availability of road marking and pedestrian facilities. Underlying cause of death information according to ICD-10 should be included in National SIRS online. Keywords: Traffic accidents, cedera, Indonesia, year 2010 - 2014 ABSTRAK Kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas (lalin) menjadi isu yang mengkhawatirkan bagi masyarakat Indonesia, karena banyak terjadi cedera berat dan meninggal. Makalah ini bertujuan mengetahui kejadian karena kecelakaan lalin di Indonesia tahun 2010-2014. Bahan berasal dari data kecelakaan lalin yang dikumpulkan oleh Korps lalu lintas (Korlantas) dan Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit (SIRS) RS Fatmawati. Indepth Interview dan Roundtable Discussion dilakukan untuk mengetahui upaya pengelolaan kecelakaan lalin. Hasil menunjukan kasus kecelakaan lalin tahun 2014 sedikit menurun, namun proporsi kematiannya masih menetap.Provinsi dengan proporsi kematian karena cedera lalu lintas di atas 50 persen semakin bertambah. Fatalitas kecelakaan lalin di provinsi dengan penduduk padat semakin tinggi. Kejadian dan kematian karena kecelakaan lalin tertinggi pada kelompok usia 26-30 tahun yang mengendarai sepeda motor. Penyebab kematian langsung terbanyak cedera kepala, sedangkan penyebab luar kecelakaan dicatat sebagai kecelakaan lalin tanpa deskripsi rinci. Kesimpulan: kecelakaan lalin dan kematian merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang harus ditangani secara holistik, komprehensif oleh instansi terkait. Saran: kejadian kecelakaan harus ditangani secara profesional, pelaksanaan Program Dekade Aksi Keselamatan Jalan harus dievaluasi secara berkala terutama penutupan lubang jalan, penanganan tikungan tajam, pemasangan marka jalan, penyediaan fasilitas pejalan kaki. Informasi penyebab dasar kematian menurut International Classification of Diseases (ICD) -10 harus dicatat ke dalam National SIRS daring. Kata kunci: Kecelakaan lalu lintas, cedera, Indonesia, tahun 2010-201
INDEKS KESEHATAN MATERNAL SEBAGAI INDIKATOR JUMLAH KELAHIRAN HIDUP
No full textVarious factors may contribute to affect pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum such as maternal health status, reproduction health, or access to health services. Maternal health encompasses all health improvement efforts which aimed not only to avoid deaths from pregnancy and childbirth, but also including improved quality of life during and after the period of reproduction. Therefore, it is essential to establish a maternal health index that consists of the utilization of prenatal care, birth attendance by health workers at health facilities, utilization of postpartum visits, complications of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum, the adequacy of doctors, and midwives as well. The analysis shown a significant relationship between maternal health index and a live birth with a correlation rate of 0,73. The index model can explain approximately 52,9 percent. In these models, the greatest weight is the indicator of childbirth complications, followed by complications of postpartum, and utilization of prenatal care. Based on the calculation of the index by district/city, the widest gap seen in the province of Papua. This means that the eight indicators that are part of forming the index should be addressed. To overcome the maternal health problem is to bring adequate health care to the community, so a healthy mother may safely deliver a healthy baby
PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI: DISTRIBUSI, GAMBARAN MIKROSKOPIS, GEJALA PENDERITA DAN VEKTOR POTENSIAL
No full textABSTRACTMalaria in humans is caused by an infection of genus Plasmodium, especially P. falciparum, P. vivax.P.mulariae and P. ovate. Types of Plasmodium in animals that can inject humans is P. knowlesi. Animalswhich are found parasites in their body are long tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and pig-tailedmacaques (Macaca nemestrina). .There have been many cases with positive malaria knowlesi as ithappened in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Myanmar, China, Vietnam and Indonesia. Studyof P. knowlesi aims to give an overview of the • case distribution, microscopic. features, patient characteristic, potential vector, as well as potential spread of malaria knowlesi in Indonesia. The methodused in this study is study literature from various sources. The microscopic features of the parasite inpatient blood films is pretty similar to P. falciparum and P. malariae in certain stadium. Therefore more awareness are needed regarding the spread of this parasite, especially in border areas of malaria endemiccountries and newly arrived immigrants in endemic areas of P. knowlesi.Keywords: Plasmodium knowlesi, malaria, parasite, vector ABSTRAKMalaria pada manusia selama ini disebabkan oleh infeksi genusPlasmodiumkhususnyaP. falciparum, P.vivax, P. malariaedanP. ovate. JenisPlasmodiumpada hewan yang dapat menginfeksi manusia adalahP.knowlesi.Hewan yang banyak ditemukan parasit ini dalam tubuhnya adalah kera ekor panjang(Macacajascicularis)dan kera ekor babi(Macaca nemestrina).Sudah banyak kasus penderita malaria yang positif parasit ini seperti yang terjadi di Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, Filipina, Myanmar, Cina, Vietnam danIndonesia. Kajian tentangP. knowlesiini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang penyebarankasus, gambaran mikroskopis, karakteristik penderita, vektor potensial serta potensi penyebaran malaria knowlesidi Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah studi kepustakaan (literatur) dariberbagai sumber. Secara mikroskopis, gambaran morfologi parasit pada sediaan darah penderita ada kesamaan dengan P. falciparumdan P. malariaepada stadium tertentu. Oleh sebab itu diperlukankewaspadaan terhadap penularan parasit ini terutama di daerah perbatasan negara yang endemis malariamaupun pendatang yang baru tiba dari wilayah endemisP. knowlesi.Kata kunci: Plasmodium knowlesi, malaria, parasit, vekto
MATERNAL DEATH IN INDONESIA: FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THE 2010 INDONESIA POPULATION CENSUS
No full textBackground: Among ASEAN countries, Indonesia is the country with high maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and unable to reach target of reduction of MMR. In order to reduce the MMR target, the government of Indonesia needs evidence to evaluate and design the maternal health program. Objective: The study aims to answers specific issues of who, when, where and why maternal death occurred in Indonesia in order to understand the effective policy and health program decisions. Methods: The 2010 Indonesia Population Census identified pregnancy-related deaths occurring in the household from 1 January 2009 until the date of census (May 2010). The follow-up study revisited almost half of households reporting pregnancy-related deaths to be accounted as samples (4167 of 8464). Basic information related to cause of death were collected by trained data collector using verbal autopsy approach. The information was converted to cause of death defined by medical doctor using WHO ICD-10 rules. The underlying cause of death was later analysed. Result: The highest risk of maternal death was adolescents who were pregnant under 15 years old. The maternal death mostly occurred at postpartum period (56%), 57 percent occurred at hospitals and 31.3 percent at home. Oedema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorder in pregnancy were at 27 percent, whereas complication during labour and delivery problems were accounted for 26 percent. The pattern of maternal causes of death varies between regions. Conclusion: Maternal health program has not been considered as general plan of intervention. It is imperative to consider considered by pattern of characteristics and cause of maternal death and region for effective interventions
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DAN ACTIVITY DAILY LIVING DENGAN DEMENSIA PADA LANJUT USIA DI PANTI WERDHA
No full textLatar Belakang: Jumlah kasus dan kejadian demensia di Indonesia pada tahun 2000 sebanyak 606.100 orang dan 191.400 orang. Pada tahun 2020 diprediksikan akan meningkat sebanyak 1.016.800 orang dan 314.100 orang (Alzheimer’s Disease International, 2006). Peningkatan jumlah kasus dan kejadian demensia menjadi tantangan bagi pemberi pelayanan kesehatan melihat dampak yang ditimbulkannya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi demensia pada lansia. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah non-eksperimental (observasional) dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi linear ganda. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh lansia yang ada di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wilayah DKI Jakarta dengan sampel berjumlah 120 responden. Hasil: Ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan dengan demensia (p=0,012) dan ada hubungan bermakna antara Activity Daily Living dengan demensia (p=0,038). Model multivariat menunjukkan nilai koefisien determinasi 0,101 artinya kedua faktor tersebut yaitu tingkat pendidikan dan Activity Daily Living dapat menjelaskan variasi variabel demensia sebesar 10,1 % dan pada uji F menunjukkan kedua variabel tersebut secara signifikan dapat memprediksi variabel demensia. Faktor yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap demensia adalah tingkat pendidikan (Beta = 0,258). Kesimpulan: Untuk tetap meningkatkan dan mempertahankan fungsi mental lansia dapat dilakukan kegiatan mengingat, berbicara, berpikir, berperilaku dan melakukan berbagai pekerjaan agar lansia dapat tetap mandiri dan produktif
