e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik dengan Metode Gyssens pada Pasien Stroke Rawat Inap di RSUD Koja secara Retrospektif (Periode KJS dan BPJS)
No full textStroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Patients with stroke are susceptible to medical complications, especially infections. This study aim to evaluate antibiotic by stroke inpatients hospitalized in RSUD Koja (KJS and BPJS period) with Gyssens methods. The study design is a retrospective cross-sectional. The sample is consisted of 112 medical records from KJS period (July 2013-December 2013) and 74 medical records from BPJS period (January 2014-June 2014) taken by total sampling. The use of antibiotic were analyzed using Chi Square and logistic regression multivariate. The percentage of antibiotic use was 23,11%, mostly were ceftriaxon 33,3%, ceftizozim 7,6% and amoxicillin – clavulanic acid 7,6%. Length of stay more than 7 days was 77,96%. The most common route of antibiotic administration was parenteral (68,67%). Patients that were given antibiotics were,among others,diagnosal by bronchopneumonia (29,33%), pulmonary tuberculosis and 17,6% and urinary tract infection (8,7%). The clinical outcome showed that 69,3% of 186 patients were recovered after antibiotic were given to treat their infections. Gyssen evaluation method showed that rational antibiotic used on KJS period was 77,4% and BPJS periods was 81,3%. There were correlations between rational use at antibiotic and the route of administration, between clinical outcome anduse at diagnosis and route of administration. The conclusion of this study according to Gyssen method is the rational antibiotic influence the clinical outcome (p < 0,05)
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice of Mother with Children Under Five Years on The Use of Virgin Coconut Oil’s Residue to Local Foods to Increase Child’s Nutritional in Buton
No full textBackgroud: Buton District was had the highest case on children under fi ve years’ malnutritions in South East Sulawesi Province. Butonesse have culture of making Virgin Coconut Oil which made from coconut untill now. Side product of VCO was a coconut residue (blondo) which has not been used by the community. Blondo VCO contains a lot of protein clumps of coconut which is similar to the formula that can be used for food additives, especially in children because it is easily to absorb. The aim of this study was to determine increasing of knowledge, changing behavior and attitudes on mothers of children under fi ve years about the use of blondo VCO for additional nutritional improvement of local food. Methods: this study used intervention on nutritions’ knowledge based on the use of lokal ingredient. Training and practice about children’s local food processing with blondo VCO were held. Results: The results showed that there was an improvement in knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers after they had been given the intervention with counseling and training of local food with blondo VCO ingredients. There were variations of local food made by mothers more than before. Conclusions: It showed that the presence of counseling and training on the use of blondo VCO can increase knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards mothers who have children under fi ve. Recomendation: Suggestions of this study was processed of blondo VCO could be used as ingredient of local food with high nutritional value for society in general and for children in particular
Effect of Vitamin C and Tablets Fe on Haemoglobin Levels Against Pregnant Women
No full textBackground: Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common nutritional problem of pregnant women in Indonesia. The existing program/intervention has been implemented namely supplementation of iron pills for mothers at the third semester of pregnancy. This study aims to compare the effect of single and multiple micronutrients supplementation of iron and iron plus vitamin C. Methods: Type of the study is study experimental with the design of community intervention, implementing pre and post trials. Subjects were pregnant women at the second semester of pregnancy. Haemoglobin level was examinedby Cyanmet hemoglobin. Data analysis was done through independent and paired t-test. Results: showed that there were statistically signifi cant difference between the intervention and control group (p = 0.001). The haemoglobin level of the intervention group increased by 0.91 grm%, while the control group was 0.43 grm%. The proportion of anaemia amongpregnant mothers declined after intervention from 80.95 to 42.86 at the intervention group. Similarly, the proportion of anaemia of the control group reduced from 80.95% to 71.43% after the intervention. Conclusion: intervention with multiple micronutrients of Fe combined with vitamin C has more effect in changing the haemoglobin levels of pregnant mothers.Recommendation: Fe tablet administration should still be accompanied by vitamin C to help boost hemoglobin levels. Required for controlled administration of iron tablet, along with vitamin C so that the effect can be seen
The Effect of Environmental Health Indicators Against Dengue Under 5 Years Old Cases Based on Sub District of Batam City in 2009
No full textBackground: controlling of dengue haemorrhagic was still a complicated problems, because it has not found a cure. The best way to prevent dengue fever was to control mosquito larvae Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The existence of Aedes aegypti larvae in an area is an indicator of the presence of populations of Ae. aegypti in that area. In an effort to determine the interventions on the incidence of dengue in the city of Batam through mosquito larvae control, need to know how much infl uencethe larvae of Ae. aegypti free house to dengue cases. The purpose of this discussion is to know what variables affect the dengue cases in the city of Batam. Methods: analysis of data using linear regression analysis. Signifi cance values provide information on the variables that signifi cantly affect the number of dengue cases in the city of Batam, so the government can seek for each house is required to be free of larvae. Results: results of the analysis provides information that the value of a statistical p-valueindicates the number 0,017 on variables healthy home. Conclution: there is a signifi cant infl uence between the variables of a healthy home for the presence of dengue cases in the city of Batam. Recomendation: This suggests that a healthy home include sanitation, adequate ventilation, good lighting, good management of water access and other problems causing the lack of space used as breeding places of Ae. aegypti. Many factors affect the presence of dengue among others to note is altitude,ecology and bionomik, eggs, larvae and pupae, adult mosquitoes, the habit of perching, fl ying range, as well as the life span of transovarial transmission
Efek Larvasida Bakteri Kitinolitik dari Limbah Kulit Udang terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti
No full textAbstract. Aedes aegypti is a major vector for Dengue, a deadly disease causing death of millions of people in developing countries both in urban and rural populations. Ae. aegypti control using chemical insecticide was always carried out and lead to a widespread insecticide resistance. Therefore, mosquito biological control is needed to replace the usage of chemical insecticide. A chitinolytic bacteria, was isolated from shrimp’s waste (head and shell). The isolate showed chitinolytic activity as a transparent zone in colony inside the synthetic media, containing (w/v)- 0,3 % colloidal chitin, 1% pepton, 0,5% yeast extract, 0,1% NaCl, 0,1% K2HPO4, 0,05% MgSO4.7H2O, 0,001% FeSO4.7H2O, 0,001% ZnSO4.7H2O, and each of 0,0001% CuSO4.5H2O, MnSO4.nH2O and CaCl2.2H2O at pH 7 and 300C after 72 h of incubation. The isolate was identified as gram positive group based on gram staining. In the experimental method, four concentrations of chitinolytic bacteria (4%, 8%, 16% and 32%) was exposed to Ae. aegypti larvae. The result showed that chitinolytic bacterium degrades exoskeleton of third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti. Degradation of exoskeleton started on the 2nd days and occurred in thorax region. Probit analysis showed LC50 value was obtaninedat concentration of 2%. Keywords: chitinolytic bacteria, shrimp’s waste, Aedes aegypti Abstrak. Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor utama Dengue, penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian jutaan orang di negara-negara berkembang baik pada populasi perkotaan dan pedesaan. Pengendalian Ae. aegypti menggunakan insektisida kimia selalu dilakukan dan menyebabkan resistensi insektisida secara luas. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian nyamuk secara biologis diperlukan untuk menggantikan penggunaan insektisida kimia. Bakteri kitinolitik telah diisolasi dari limbah udang (kepala dan cangkang). Isolat menunjukkan aktivitas kitinolitik berupa zona bening di sekitar koloni dalam media sintetik yang mengandung (w/v) - 0,3% koloidal kitin, 1% pepton, ekstrak ragi 0,5%, 0,1% NaCl, 0, 1% K2HPO4, 0,05% MgSO4.7H2O, 0001% FeSO4.7H2O, 0001% ZnSO4.7H2O, dan masing-masing 0,0001% CuSO4.5H2O, MnSO4.nH2O dan CaCl2.2H2O pada pH 7 dan suhu 300C setelah 72 jam inkubasi. Isolat diidentifikasi sebagai kelompok positif gram berdasarkan pewarnaan gram. Dalam metode eksperimen, empat konsentrasi bakteri kitinolitik (4%, 8%, 16% dan 32%) dipaparkan pada larva Ae. aegypti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri kitinolitik mendegradasi eksoskeleton larva instar ketiga Ae. aegypti. Degradasi eksoskeleton dimulai pada hari ke-2 dan terjadi di wilayah dada. Hasil analisa probit menunjukkan nilai LC50 pada konsentrasi 2%. Kata Kunci: bakteri kitinolitik, limbah udang, Aedes aegypt
Uji Anti Virus Senyawa Kurkumin dan PGV-0 pada Virus Dengue-2 dengan RT-PCR
No full textABSTRACT Treatment of Dengue patients today are to relieve symptoms because specific therapies and effective anti-viral drugs have not been found. Curcumin is known has anti-viral activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-parasitic and anti-cancer. Curcumin has a weakness that is sensitive to acidity (pH) and light, so curcumin analogues that is pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) was made in order to obtain better anti viral activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of curcumin and PGV-0 on vero cells infected by Dengue-2. This research was conducted in the laboratory of parasitology Faculty of Medicine of Gadjah Mada University in January-September 2013. Experimental studies using RT-PCR test to determine the presence of Dengue-2 antigen. Dengue-2 virus propagated in C636 cells and then infected in vero cells to further treated with curcumin and PGV-0. The incubation period of Dengue-2 infections performed for 1 and 3 days. The results of RT-PCR showed Dengue-2 antigen was seen in the 3-day infection period in the treatment of curcumin. This result indicates PGV-0 has potential antiviral better than curcumin
Brucellosis : Penyakit Zoonosis Yang Terabaikan
No full textBrucellosis is one of the diseases from animals to humans which draw serious attention by the government with regrad to high economic losses caused by a decline on the productivity of animals and humans. Indonesia has not been free from Brucellosis in animals, only several areas such as Riau, South Sumatra, Jambi, Riau Islands, West Sumatera, Bengkulu, Lampung, West Nusa Tenggara and Kalimantan Island were noted as free areas of Brucellosis until 2014. The Purpose of this review is to study Brucellosis as neglected zoonoses disease which has big potential to human diseases, mainly due to abortus in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. The prevalence of Brucellosis in Malaysia was 25%, where 75% of those cases caused abortion in women patients. Prevalence data of Brucellosis in human in Indonesia is still difficult to be obtained. Based on the research in 1995, founded antibody against Brucella in slaughterhouse and dairy farm workers in Jakarta was identified as 13.5%.
