e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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PEMANFAATAN INFORMASI IKLIM SEBAGAI SINYAL PERINGATAN DINI KASUS DBD DI BANJARBARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN
No full textAmong the various types of disasters, diseases outbreaks were categorized as a non-natural disaster. Similar with natural disasters, non-natural disasters also requires an early warning mechanism to anticipate outbreaks that can cause human fatalities. One of them is Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and considered as a disease with potential outbreak. Therefore, DHF required an early warning mechanism as an important step for decreasing the numbers of DHF victims. The emerging of DHF closely related to climates which will affect the vectors behaviors and life cycle as well as the setting of human body physiology itself. The routine observation, recording and even climates prediction becomes very important to be done considering climate information has great potential in providing an awareness signal against DHF incidence. The purpose of this study was to encapsulate climate information which consists of rainfall, temperature and humidity and observe its influence on the DHF incidence of dengue in Banjarbaru during the period 2004-2013. This is a quantitative research with time trend ecological study as the research design. The path analysis is used to explain the causal relationships mechanism between variables. The analysis showed that rainfall has the most dominant influence on the DHF incidence in Banjarbaru during the period 2004-2013 and can be predicted that by the time the rainfall has reached the range of 275.4 mm - 359.1 mm, 83.3% - 86.3% humidity and 26,8°C - 27,4°C of air temperature then this condition can be perceived as a signal againts the rise of DHF occurrence rises that led into an outbreak in Banjarbaru
Deteksi Leptospira Patogenik pada Urin Anjing dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) di Kota Semarang
No full textAbstract : Semarang city was one of an endemic area of leptospirosis that had increasing case during 2007-2009. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic. The dog is one of animal that able transmitted leptospirosis to humans. The objectives of this study was to detect pathogenic Leptospira in dogs in 16 Districts of Semarang city, Central Java in March- July 2012. Study was conducted by taking a sample of dog urine and performed PCR using specific primers pathogenic Leptospira. The results showed that 4 dog urine (13.80%) detected positive leptospira pathogenic from 29 dogs urine sample that examinated. Dogs were positive leptospirosis were belongs to District East Semarang, South Semarang, Candisari, and Central Semarang. The presence of pathogenic Leptospira in the urine of dogs potentially transmitted leptospirosis to humans. Vaccination of Leptospira in dog for prevention transmitted leptospirosis to human could be recomended.Abstrak : Kota Semarang merupakan salah satu daerah endemis leptospirosis yang memiliki peningkatan kasus antara Tahun 2007-2009. Leptospirosis merupakan zoonosis. Anjing merupakan salah satu hewan penular leptospirosis pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi Leptospira patogen pada Anjing di 16 Kecamatan Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah yang dilaksanakan bulan Maret- Juli 2012. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel urin anjing dan pemeriksaan PCR menggunakan primer spesifik Leptospira patogenik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urin yang diperiksa dari 29 ekor anjing menunjukkan positif terdeteksi Leptospira patogenik sebanyak 4 ekor anjing (13,80 %). Anjing yang positif leptospirosis terdapat di Kecamatan Semarang Timur, Semarang Selatan, Candisari, dan Semarang Tengah. Adanya Leptospira patogenik dalam urin anjing berpotensi menularkan leptospirosis pada manusia. Vaksinasi Leptospira pada anjing dapat direkomendasikan untuk pencegahan penularan leptospirosis ke manusia
PREVALENCE AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC Leptospira IN COMMENSAL RODENT FROM MAUMERE FLORES ORIGIN
No full textCommensal rat have been report as main source of leptospirosis to humans, but in Indonesia the status of leptospirosis in rats commensal still not widely known. The aim of this study was to calculate the prevalence and identified pathogenic Leptospira in commensal rats in Maumere multicipality, Flores. The study was conducted from August to November 2014. Rats trapped in the perimeter and buffer area El Sai and Wuring Port, Maumere Multicipality, Flores. Detection of Leptospira in commensal rats were using PCR with specific primers 16S rRNA gene. Determination of Leptospira species by compared with the sequence of the research results with origin GenBank sequences using the BLAST program. Phylogeny tree arranged with Mega 6.2 software. The results showed that 125 commensal rat was trapped, consisted of two species, namely Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi. Five R. norvegicus positive PCR test. BLAST analysis of the results of all sequences of Leptospira synonymous with L. interrogans. Phylogenetic analysis, sequences clustered with L. interoggans Maumere. Based on the results of the research, the prevalence of Leptospira in commensal rats in Maumere multicipality were 4 percent and Leptospira that found in Maumere multiciplity was L. interogans. There was potential transmission of leptospirosis in Maumere multicipality
HUBUNGAN KADAR TSH PADA AWAL KEHAMILAN DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MENTAL PSIKOMOTOR BAYI DI DAERAH ENDEMIK GAKI
No full textLatar belakang. Gangguan fungsi tiroid ibu selama awal kehamilan dapat menyebabkan terganggunya pertumbuhan syaraf janin. Nilai kadar TSH yang ekstrim secara biokimia dapat menjadi penanda tahap awal penyakit tiroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara kadar serum TSH rendah pada ibu hamil terhadap perkembangan mental dan psikomotor bayi di daerah endemik GAKI. Metode penelitian Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Magelang, karena penduduk di daerah endemik GAKI berisiko menderita hipertiroid karena mendapat asupan yang tinggi iodium dalam program pencegahan GAKI. Hasil skrining pada ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan < 16 minggu ditemukan 67 ibu hamil, jumlah subyek yang memenuhi kriteria eksklusi dan inklusi menjadi 64 bayi, 31 bayi dari kelompok ibu TSH rendah waktu hamil dan 33 bayi dari kelompok ibu TSH normal waktu hamil. Kadar TSH ibu dan bayi dianalisa dengan metode ELISA. Perkembangan psikomotor dan mental diukur dengan Bayley Scale Infant Development II Kit saat bayi berumur < 10 Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linier Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik dan riwayat persalinan ibu antara kelompok TSH rendah dan kelompok TSH normal, kecuali konsumsi kapsul iodium pertahun selama 3 tahun terakhir (54,8% vs 34,3%) dan cara melahirkan dengan tindakan lebih tinggi pada kelompok TSH rendah, secara statistik signifkan (p < 0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan skor perkembangan psikomotor (89,77 ± 11,16 vs 90,39 ± 10,68) dan mental (95,19 ± 5,91 vs 95,21 ± 7,14) pada bayi antara kelompok TSH rendah dibanding kelompok TSH normal. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan psikomotor tidak berhubungan dengan status TSH ibu, tetapi dipengaruhi oleh status gizi PB/U. Kesimpulan : Kadar TSH yang rendah pada ibu hamil < 16 minggu tidak berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan psikomotor dan mental bayi
ANALISIS SPASIAL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN STATUS GIZI ANAK BALITA DI INDONESIA (RISKESDAS 2007 2010)
No full textTransitions nutritional status is a reflection of the general transition, such as demographics, food, education and health. Demographic Transition reciprocally affects the transition in nutrition/health. This analysis was aimed to identify the distribution of the area and the differentiating factor of the double burden malnutrition on the children under five. Analysis was performed using aggregated National Data from Susenas 2007-2010 and Riskesdas 2007-2010. Unit analysis is the province. Spatial analysis was done with overlay method. The Analysis showed that high levels of potentially affected areas with double burden malnutrition were all of province in Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Maluku. Additionally was DKI province, Central Java, North Sumatra, South Sumatra, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung and Lampung. Those situation is need to be concerned especially with demographic bonus phenomena. Demographic Bonus becomes a problem, if it is not accompanied by an increment in education, skills, health. When assuming other factor remain, it is predicted that in the event of the demographic bonus, there will be also a double burden malnutrition problems. Distribution of areas that experience with double burden malnutrition, clustered in regions outside Java, it shows social disparities still exist among Indonesian, community. Susceptible areas of double burden malnutrition was spread outside Java. Namely, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku. Sumatra, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung
PERILAKU BERISIKO KESEHATAN DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA PADA REMAJA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI JAWA DAN SUMATRA
No full textABSTRACTSeveral behaviour health risks such as lack of physical activity, smoking and violence have contributed tothe health status among adolescents. Those behaviour health risks can be associated with familyrelationship, school environment and other related social cultural and economy determinants.Consequently, those behaviour risk factors may lead to certain non-communicable disease. To describe thebehaviour risk factors among adolescents and their determinant factors. This study employed a two-stagecluster sample design to produce a representative sample of students in 7th-9th grade, aged 13 — 15 years.In this study 3,116 questionnaires were completed in 49 schools in Java and Sumatra islands. Data wasanalyzed descriptively to provide proportion of certain behavior risk factors. Data analysis was done usingEpi-info. Study showed 10.9%-21.6% of boys students in Java and Sumatra smoked a day or over in theperiod of one month. Among the smoking students about 71.1% of adolescents started smoking at aged 13years or younger. Approximately 37%- 41% adolescents experienced having physical fighting at least onceor more during the last one year. The prevalence of physical fighting was higher among boys than girls.The behavior health risks are alarming and need further specific intervention based on issues priority toimprove the health behavior among adolescents in order to prevent certain non-communicable disease inthe older age.Keywords: Health behaviour, Factors, Students ABSTRAKKurangnya aktifitas fisik, merokok dan kekerasan adalah beberapa perilaku yang diidentifikasi sangatberpengaruh pada kesehatan pelajar khususnya anak remaja. Perilaku-perilaku berisiko tersebut disebabkanoleh beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah lingkungan keluarga, sekolah dan lainnya yang akibatnya dapatmenjurus ke masalah penyakit tidak menular. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku-perilakuberisiko pada pelajar dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Responden penelitian adalah pelajar usia13-15 tahun di 49 sekolah di Pulau Jawa dan Sumatra yang dipilih berdasarkan stratified random sampling.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner oleh pelajar sendiri. Analisa data menggunakanEpi-info. Sebanyak 10.9% - 21.6% of pelajar laki-laki di Jawa-Sumatra merokok sehari atau lebih darisehari dalam jangka waktu sebulan terakhir. Diantara pelajar yang merokok tersebut, 71.1% diantara mulaimerokok umur 13 bahkan sebelum umur 13 tahun. Sebanyak 37%-41% pelajar di Jawa-Sumatra pernahberkelahi sekali atau lebih dalam kurun waktu setahun terakhir. Prevalens perilaku berkelahi lebih tinggipada pelajar laki-laki dari pada pelajar perempuan. Sebagian besar masalah kesehatan pelajar ternyatamasih kurang mendapat perhatian dari kesehatan masyarakat. Temuan diatas perlu mendapat tindak lanjutlebih khusus dan ditujukan pada pelajar, terutama mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat yang sesuaidengan tingkatan pelajar. Hal ini untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit tidak menular akibat perilakuberisiko tersebut.Kata kunci: factor risiko perilaku, pelajar, penyakit tidak menula
ANALISIS POLA DAN FAKTOR LAMA PEMBERIAN AIR SUSU IBU (ASI) TAHUN 2013
No full textBreastfeeding is a primary health efforts to obtain qualified human resources. Longer breastfeeding duration has made better quality time between mother and child. It also has been proven to have positive impact on the survival of infants and children. Babies who are breastfed immediately after birth will have higher immunity thus more resistant to disease threats. Breastfeeding is a tradition passed down through generations which are now starting to be threatened as a result of modernization. This analysis aims to provide the current information about achievement of breastfeeding in Indonesia over the last 3 years and the factors that influence it. This is a further analysis of Riskesdas 2010 and 2013 that used cross-sectional design analysis. The unit of analysis is the household members aged 0-23 months (under two years old children). The result showed that the highest percentage of the longer breastfeeding is at 0-5month period amounted to 38.9% (instead of exclusive breastfeeding duration). Based on the test result of multinomial logistic regression, factors that significantly influence are giving complementary food before 6 months, use of bottle/pacifier/”kempeng” before 6 months, the number of children in the household, maternal educational status, economic status, place of residence, and place of delivery, with assuming other factors were constant
TEMPAT PERKEMBANGBIAKAN AEDES SPP. SEBAGAI PENULAR VIRUS DENGUE PADA BERBAGAI TEMPAT DI KOTA SUKABUMI
No full textCases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and speed of increased cases in Sukabumi city is highest in West Java, as it was shown by Incidence Rate (IR) of Dengue virus infection in Sukabumi city in 2009 was 430 /100,000 and in 2010 reached 330 /100,000. Slope of the regression line of IR enhancement of dengue virus infection in the period 2004 - 2010 of Sukabumi City have the highest value (55.8) when compared to Cimahi (32.1) and Bandung (12.1). Environmental survey was conducted for entomology examination at home of patient with Dengue virus infection and places visited in the morning until late afternoon the week before illness. Examination results at housing obtained positive Aedes spp 36,8.7%, and 23.5% were found in public places. The results showed that the public places was a potential transmission of dengue virus infection. Results of this study showed that water reservoirs that are most numerous Aedes spp. wasbath tub. The study also reported the House Index (HI) 31.55%, Container Index (CI) 21.72% and Bretau Index (BI) 51.46%. Threshold larvae index obtained by HI was at value 5 or moderate risk but based on CI and BI were in grades 6 means to have a high risk of transmission
BIONOMIK ANOPHELES SPP. DI DESA KONDA MALOBA, KECAMATAN KATIKUTANA SELATAN, KABUPATEN SUMBA TENGAH, PROVINSI NTT
No full textABSTRACTKonda Maloba village is one of the highest malaria risk village in Katikutana sub district. This researchwas conducted in that village using cross sectional method. The aim of the research is to obtain bionomic information of Anopheles spp, including breeding ecosystem, density, environment characteristics, bloodsucking activity and resting place of Anopheles spp. Larvae of Anopheles was cought at 12 breeding ecosystem which was dominated by dry stream (mudpuddle), the highest density of water current (4,1) with An. sundaicus, An. vagus, An. aconitus, with temperature of 24-30 °C, pH 7,7-8,8, zero salinity, heliofilik, and turbid. The kind of biota in breeding ecosystem includes Poecilia keticulata, Bryophyta, Pilaampullaceal, Cam barns virilis, Fejervarya cancrivora, Poa annua, Oryza saliva, Eichhornia crassipes,Tryporyza innotata. The' amount of •mosquitos that captured were 969, those are An. aconitus, An.sundaicus, An. subpictus An. indefinitus, An. vagus, An.macularis, An.barbirostris, An. annularis, An.kochidan, An. flavirostris. Mosquito proportion was dominated by An. sundaicus (3988,3). The highest suckingactivity was by An. sundaicus at 01.00-02.00 (3,13 people per hour), where as the lowest sucking activitywas by An. barbirostris at 18.00-19.00 (0,13 people per hour) and at 20.00-21.00 (0,04 people per hour).The average sucking blood activity was 0,04-0,86 dominated by the bite of human outdoor and around thecage. The behavior of Anopheles spp. Mosquitoes was exophilic and exophagic.Keywords: Bionomic, Anopheles spp, Konda Maloba village ABSTRAKDesa Konda Maloba merupakan salah satu wilayah berisiko malaria cukup tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan diwilayah tersebut dengan pengumpulan data secara cross sectional. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperolehinformasi bionomik .Anopheles spp. meliputi jenis habitat perkembangbiakan, kepadatan, karakteristiklingkungannya, aktivitas menghisap darah dan istirahat Anopheles spp diperoleh dengan metode koleksiumpan badan orang dan istirahat. Larva Anopheles diperoleh pada 12 habitat perkembangbiakan, dominankali kering (kubangan), kepadatan tertinggi di aliran air (4,1) dengan spesies An. sundaicus, An. vagus, An.aconitus, suhu 24-30°C, pH 7,7-8,8, salinitas nol, heliofilik, dan keruh. Jenis biota pada tempatperkembangbiakan meliputi Poecilia keticulata, Bryophyta, Pila ampullaceal, Cambarus virilis, Fejervarya cancrivora, Poa annua, Oryza saliva, Eichhornia crassipes, Tryporyza innotata.Nyamuktertangkap 969 ekor terdiri dari An. aconitus, An. sundaicus, An. subpictus An. indefinitus, An. vagus,An.macularis, An.barbirostris, An. annularis, An.kochi dan, An. flavirostris. Proporsi nyamuk. didominasioleh An. sundaicus (3988,3). Aktifitas menghisap darah paling tinggi dijumpai pada An. sundaicus yaitupada jam 01.00-02.00 (3,13 orang/jam), Aktivitas menghisap darah paling rendah dijumpai pada An.barbirostris pada jam 18.00-19.00 (0,13 orang/jam) dan jam 20.00-21.00 (0,04 orang/jam). Aktivitasmenghisap darah rata-rata 0,04-0,86, dominan pada umpan orang luar dan di sekitar kandang. Perilaku padanyamuk Anopheles spp. tersebut cenderung eksofilik dan eksofagik.Kata kunci: Bionomik, Anopheles spp, DesaKonda Malob
KEJADIAN CHIKUNGUNYA DI KELURAHAN KARANGSARI DAN PANJER KECAMATAN KEBUMEN, KABUPATEN KEBUMEN
No full textABSTRACTChikungunya is one of diseases that transmitted by chikungunya virus (CHIK virus) one of RNA virusinclude in Alphavirus. In the year of 2012 outbreak of chikungunya was happen in Kebumen District,January-June 2012 as much 80 cases in Karangsari Village and May-June as much 33 cases in PanjerVillage. This research describe chikungunya case condition based on time,place and person, laboratoriumchikungunya cases confirmation and entomology survey to count maya index as indicator to estimatemosquitoes breeding places habitat. Cross sectional method had been used. Outbreak chikungunya hadbeen happen in Karangsari and Panjer Villages, Kebumen Subdistrict, Kebumen District between January-July 2012. Sex ratio of cikungunya cases nearly same. Both of two area found chikungunya cases inchildren under five years. As much 27 responden that interviewed and taken their blood for chikungunyaPCR test found that they never go to outside of sub district area, PCR test showed positive in 7 sample.Maya index include in middle category. Outbreak chikungunya had been happen in Panjer and KarangsariVillage, Kebumen Sub District,Kebumen District. Environmet condition such as mosquitoes breedinghabitat in middle category.Keywords: Chikungunya, Kebumen ABSTRAKChikungunya merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus chikungunya (CHIK virus) merupakan RNAvirus yang termasuk dalam genus Alphavirus. Pada tahun 2012 di Kabupaten Kebumen terjadi KejadianLuar Biasa (KLB) chikungunya dengan kasus sbb : bulan Januari-Juni di Desa Karangsari 80 kasus dan diKelurahan Panjer bulan Mei-Juni sebanyak 33 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan kondisikasus chikungunya berdasarkan orang, tempat dan waktu, konfirmasi hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dankeberadaan tersangka vektor di lingkungan kasus serta menghitung maya index. Penelitian bersifat crosssectional. KLB chikungunya telah terjadi di Kelurahan Karangsari dan Panjer, Kecamatan Kebumen,Kabupaten Kebumen berlangsung antara Januari-Juli 2012. Proporsi jenis kelamin penderita hampirberimbang. Pada kedua wilayah tersebut ditemukan kasus chikungunya pada balita. Sebanyak 27 orangdiambil sampel darahnya. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak pernah bepergian ke luarwilayah sebelum sakit.Hasil pemeriksaan PCR menunjukkan 7 sampel positif chikungunya. Maya indexmenunjukkan wilayah tersebut masuk kategori sedang dalam pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi utamanya yangberkaitan dengan ketersediaan habitat perkembangbiakan nyamuk. Telah terjadi KLB chikungunya diKelurahan Panjer dan Karangsari, Kecamatan Kebumen,Kabupaten Kebumen dengan kondisi lingkunganberupa ketersediaan habitat perkembangbiakan nyamuk pada kategori sedang.Kata kunci: Chikungunya, Kebume