e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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MUTU GIZI PRODUK CRACKERS DISUBSTITUSI TEPUNG JEWAWUT (Pennisetum sp) DAN KEMAMPUAN MENINGKATKAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN TIKUS PUTIH GALUR WISTAR
No full textAnemia allevation program by iron-folat tablet supplementation has not shown satisfaction results. Food based approach should be done to provide more sustainable intake. The purpose of this study is to determine the nutritional quality of crackers product millet (Pennisetum sp) substituted in various concentration and its capability to increase hemoglobin levels on wistar rats. This in an experimental study with complete randomised design one factor. The concentration substituted divided into 3 treatment, of 0%, 10% and 20% concentration with 7 replication. The dependent variabel were nutritional quality (water content, ash, protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrate, iron (content), and hemoglobin concentration). The wistar rats had been fed during for 14 days. Data analysis were conducted using ANOVA and t-test. Millet substitution resulted in the decrease of water, crude fiber, carbohydrate with (7.24% to 6.54%, p=0,00), (15.49% to 14.54%, p=0,00), (56.61% to 52.58%, p=0,00) respectivelly. The substitution increased of ash, protein, fat and iron (1.96% to 2.37%, p=0,00), (14.42% to 14.67%, p=0,00), (19.76% to 23.83, p=0,00), (66.80 ppm to 82.83 ppm, p=0,371). Respectivelly. The hemoglobin increase on 0% concentration were 0,97 g/dl; on 10% were: 2,92 g/dl and on 20% were: 3,39 g/dl. It was concluded that 20% millet substitution in crackers product given to the wistar rats 14 days significantly increased hemoglobin concentration by 3,39 g/dl
ARAH KEBIJAKAN KESEHATAN MENTAL: TREN GLOBAL DAN NASIONAL SERTA TANTANGAN AKTUAL
No full textGlobally, during the last three decades, mental health has played significant role in regards to the discourse of global health policy. Since two decades ago, WHO has firmly defined health as a rounded state of condition where an individual reaches “…not merely absence of the illness, but also achieves physical, mental and social well-being.” WHO’s definition of health implies a significant impact on global health policy – all member of states should adhere their health policy to this definition. The Global Burden of Disease study carried out by WHO in 2012 that mapped out the burden of disease around the world revealed an appalling fact namely worsened mental health condition. Years lost due to disability (YLD) study mentioned that 6 out to 20 diseases that were most responsible in causing disability were mental illnesses. Therefore, this article aimed to describe the mental illness prevalence in global and national level by reviewing several mental illness epidemiological studies. Additionally, this article highlighted some of important challenges that should be considered by healthcare service providers and policymakers in tackling mental health issues, which are treatment gap and mental health stigma
PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN DAN PERAWATAN KELAMBU LLINs PADA MASYARAKAT DAERAH ENDEMIS MALARIA KABUPATEN LEBAK PROVINSI BANTEN
No full textThe effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets are believed to reduce the prevalence of malaria is influenced by the behavior of people in their use , such as how to install and wash , in addition to duration of use . People's behavior can be different in each region with respect to culture , culture and ethnicity / ethnicity as a predisposing factor . The purpose of this study is to describe the behavior of people in the use of insecticide-treated nets ( LLINs ), such as the acceptance, use, washing and participation in the care of LLINs (program preservation).The study design was observational cross-sectional design. The instrument of this research is questionnaire and observation guidance of mosquito net. Samples are people with insecticide-treated nets in Lebak regency (Banten) were 81 respondents . Data were analyzed by descriptive. The results showed the level of knowledge about the use of mosquito nets in the category of " enough " (70,4 %) , with the majority being " support " the use of mosquito nets (65,4 %), and the practise of the use of mosquito nets were classified as " good " (58 %). The results also show the observation nets most respondents installing netting around the bed either owned or partially owned the bed.Knowledge of the use of mosquito nets is not maximal and in the use of insecticide treated nets LLINs in a small number of respondents complained of heat and stifling, so it is necessary to evaluate the benefits of socialization activities and how to install and care of insecticide treated nets LLINs that have been done.The effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets are believed to reduce the prevalence of malaria is influenced by the behavior of people in their use , such as how to install and wash , in addition to duration of use . People's behavior can be different in each region with respect to culture , culture and ethnicity / ethnicity as a predisposing factor . The purpose of this study is to describe the behavior of people in the use of insecticide-treated nets ( LLINs ), such as the acceptance, use, washing and participation in the care of LLINs (program preservation).The study design was observational cross-sectional design. The instrument of this research is questionnaire and observation guidance of mosquito net. Samples are people with insecticide-treated nets in Lebak regency (Banten) were 81 respondents . Data were analyzed by descriptive. The results showed the level of knowledge about the use of mosquito nets in the category of " enough " (70,4 %) , with the majority being " support " the use of mosquito nets (65,4 %), and the practise of the use of mosquito nets were classified as " good " (58 %). The results also show the observation nets most respondents installing netting around the bed either owned or partially owned the bed. Knowledge of the use of mosquito nets is not maximal and in the use of insecticide treated nets LLINs in a small number of respondents complained of heat and stifling, so it is necessary to evaluate the benefits of socialization activities and how to install and care of insecticide treated nets LLINs that have been done
POTENSI KELELAWAR PEMAKAN BUAH (CHIROPTERA: PTERIPODIDAE) SEBAGAI RESERVOIR LEPTOSPIRA DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
No full textBeside as seed dispersal and high valued plant pollinator, frugivorous bat (Pteropodidae) also has a role as reservoir of Leptospira. This study was aimed to identify the the prevalence of Leptospira among Pteropodidae in three regencies of Central Java Province namely Purworejo, Pati and Pekalongan, and their potential as reservoir of Leptospira. This study used four mist nets and a harp trap to collect bat at each site of each regency which has six sites. The caught bats were identified morphologically and followed by serological examination by Microscopic Aglutinasion Test (MAT) with 15 serovars. A total of 278 Pteropodidae was examined by MAT consisting of five genera with eight species. The result of MAT for Leptospira showed that there are no examined bats were positif with 15 serovars. The negative result didn’t indicate Pteropodidae not as potential reservoir of Leptospira at surveyed areas in Central Java because this study wasn’t supported by molecular examination.
PRAKTEK PENYAPIHAN DINI SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KEADAAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN WILAYAH TEMPAT TINGGAL
No full textABSTRACTThe most dominant factor influences the infant health is breast milk. Mothers who are no longer breastfed infants 0-6 months old are said practice an early weaning patterns. Early weaning patterns in which breastfeeding is replaced with complementary foods tend to lead tomalnourishedchildren.Studying the early weaning practice of infants 0-6 months old in correlation to socioeconomic and geographical conditions. Samples were households with infants 0-6 months old in 33 provinces in Indonesia available in Riskesdas 2013 data, was about 7935 households.Data were obtained from questionnaire of RKD13 Block Jb; Breast milk and complementary foods and RKD13 Block III; Block IV included education, work, economic/quintile, and geography. Household categories were household that were practicing early weaning pattern to their babies 0-6 months old.Thedata analysis showed about 6.7 percent infants already got early weaning practices in 0-6 months old. When it was associated with the number of people in Indonesia in 2015 about 250 million people, then the very young baby already weaned around 1.2 million inhabitants. It was known that there was a correlation between the status of working mothers, education, and the place of residence to early weaning patterns. Early weaning practices of infants was influenced by several factors. Factors of education, occupation, economic status, and residential geography influencedthe early weaning practices. ABSTRAK Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kesehatan bayi adalah air susu ibu (ASI). Ibu yang tidak lagi memberikan ASI pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan dikatakan sebagai praktek penyapihan dini.Pola penyapihan dini dimana pemberian ASI digantikan dengan makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) cenderung mengakibatkan anak kurang gizi. Mempelajari praktek penyapihan dini bayi usia0-6 bulan serta kaitannya dengan keadaan sosial ekonomi dan geografi. Sampel adalah rumah tangga yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan di 33 provinsi di Indonesia yang tersedia dalam data Riskesdas 2013, yaitu berjumlah 7935 Rumah tangga. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner RKD13 yaitu Blok Jb; ASI dan MPASI dan RKD13 Blok III; dan Blok IV meliputi variabel pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi/kuintil, dan keadaan geografi. Kategori Rumah tangga adalah RT yang sudah melakukan penyapihan dini terhadap bayinya yang berusia 0-6 bulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data riskesdas 2013 diperoleh informasi sebanyak 6,7 persen bayi telah disapih pada usia 0-6 bulan. Bila dikaitkan dengan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia tahun 2015 yang diperkirakan sekitar 250 juta jiwa, maka bayi berusia 0-6 bulan yang telah disapih berkisar 1,2 juta jiwa. Diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status ibu bekerja, pendidikan, dan wilayah tempat tinggal terhdap pola penyapihan dini. Praktek penyapihan dini bayi dipengaruhi beberapa faktor.Faktor pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi, dan geografi tempat tinggal mempengaruhi praktik penyapihan bayi secara dini.ABSTRACTThe most dominant factor influences the infant health is breast milk. Mothers who are no longer breastfed infants 0-6 months old are said practice an early weaning patterns. Early weaning patterns in which breastfeeding is replaced with complementary foods tend to lead tomalnourishedchildren.Studying the early weaning practice of infants 0-6 months old in correlation to socioeconomic and geographical conditions. Samples were households with infants 0-6 months old in 33 provinces in Indonesia available in Riskesdas 2013 data, was about 7935 households.Data were obtained from questionnaire of RKD13 Block Jb; Breast milk and complementary foods and RKD13 Block III; Block IV included education, work, economic/quintile, and geography. Household categories were household that were practicing early weaning pattern to their babies 0-6 months old.Thedata analysis showed about 6.7 percent infants already got early weaning practices in 0-6 months old. When it was associated with the number of people in Indonesia in 2015 about 250 million people, then the very young baby already weaned around 1.2 million inhabitants. It was known that there was a correlation between the status of working mothers, education, and the place of residence to early weaning patterns. Early weaning practices of infants was influenced by several factors. Factors of education, occupation, economic status, and residential geography influencedthe early weaning practices. ABSTRAKFaktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kesehatan bayi adalah air susu ibu (ASI). Ibu yang tidak lagi memberikan ASI pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan dikatakan sebagai praktek penyapihan dini.Pola penyapihan dini dimana pemberian ASI digantikan dengan makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) cenderung mengakibatkan anak kurang gizi. Mempelajari praktek penyapihan dini bayi usia0-6 bulan serta kaitannya dengan keadaan sosial ekonomi dan geografi. Sampel adalah rumah tangga yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan di 33 provinsi di Indonesia yang tersedia dalam data Riskesdas 2013, yaitu berjumlah 7935 Rumah tangga. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner RKD13 yaitu Blok Jb; ASI dan MPASI dan RKD13 Blok III; dan Blok IV meliputi variabel pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi/kuintil, dan keadaan geografi. Kategori Rumah tangga adalah RT yang sudah melakukan penyapihan dini terhadap bayinya yang berusia 0-6 bulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data riskesdas 2013 diperoleh informasi sebanyak 6,7 persen bayi telah disapih pada usia 0-6 bulan. Bila dikaitkan dengan jumlah penduduk di Indonesia tahun 2015 yang diperkirakan sekitar 250 juta jiwa, maka bayi berusia 0-6 bulan yang telah disapih berkisar 1,2 juta jiwa. Diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status ibu bekerja, pendidikan, dan wilayah tempat tinggal terhdap pola penyapihan dini. Praktek penyapihan dini bayi dipengaruhi beberapa faktor.Faktor pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi, dan geografi tempat tinggal mempengaruhi praktik penyapihan bayi secara dini
USIA DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH MERUPAKAN DETERMINAN TEKANAN DARAH DI ATAS NORMAL PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR
No full textPeningkatan tekanan darah hingga diatas normal berisiko dalam proses timbulnya penyakit pembuluh darah penyebab kematian. Penelitian merupakan studi observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional study, bertujuan mendapatkan faktor determinan yang terkait dengan tekanan darah pada wanita usia subur. Data dari Penelitian Kohort Tumbuh Kembang Anak, yakni data wanita usia subur (15-49 tahun) yang berdomisili di Kelurahan Kebon Kelapa dan Panaragan, Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor pada tahun 2016 dengan total sampel 450 orang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa usia dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan faktor determinan pada kondisi tekanan darah diatas normal. Usia ≥ 35 tahun berisiko sekitar 2 kali untuk terjadinya tekanan darah di atas normal dibandingkan wanita berusia < 35 tahun. Nilai IMT ≥ 30 (kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas) berisiko sekitar 2 kali untuk terjadinya tekanan darah di atas normal dibandingkan wanita dan IMT < 30. Disarankan untuk memeriksakan tekanan darah dan melakukan gaya hidup sehat sejak dini agar mencegah tekanan darah di atas normal.Peningkatan tekanan darah hingga diatas normal berisiko dalam proses timbulnya penyakit pembuluh darah penyebab kematian. Penelitian merupakan studi observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional study, bertujuan mendapatkan faktor determinan yang terkait dengan tekanan darah pada wanita usia subur. Data dari Penelitian Kohort Tumbuh Kembang Anak, yakni data wanita usia subur (15-49 tahun) yang berdomisili di Kelurahan Kebon Kelapa dan Panaragan, Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor pada tahun 2016 dengan total sampel 450 orang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa usia dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan faktor determinan pada kondisi tekanan darah diatas normal. Usia ≥ 35 tahun berisiko sekitar 2 kali untuk terjadinya tekanan darah di atas normal dibandingkan wanita berusia < 35 tahun. Nilai IMT ≥ 30 (kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas) berisiko sekitar 2 kali untuk terjadinya tekanan darah di atas normal dibandingkan wanita dan IMT < 30. Disarankan untuk memeriksakan tekanan darah dan melakukan gaya hidup sehat sejak dini agar mencegah tekanan darah di atas normal
Kinerja Kader Kesehatan dalam Pengobatan Massal Filariasis di Kecamatan Cibeureum dan Cibingbin, Kabupaten Kuningan
No full textThere was 50% sub-district in the first round of mass drug administration (MDA) filariasis in Kuningan District that had not reached the target of coverage. Health cadres as health employee’s extension in the community is one of leverage factor to sum up target coverage.This study aimed to explore health cadres’ performance related to MDA coverage in Kuningan District. Research sites were in Cibeureum and Cibingbin Subdistrict, conducted for 6 months in 2016 used qualitative approach. Primary data was obtained through in-depth interviews on the filariasis program holders at the community health center level, fellow cadres and village apparatus or community leader or religious leaders and the community itself where cadres served in selected villages. Health cadres’ performance was measured based on thematic analysis from the phenomenon exist. Results showed that health cadres’ initiative performance had not yet appeared in both subdistrict of Cibeureum and Cibingbin, while the dominant thematic was their work passion in Cibeureum, meanwhile the completion of the task was well showed in Cibingbin.The measurement of cadres’ performance according to four thematics provided by the community, showed that MDA’s post monitoring both in Cibeureum and Cibingbin had not been emerged yet. In the meantime, the dominant thematic in Cibeureum was finding cases, while in Cibingbin was the behavior of health cadres to participate in the program filariasis. Filariasis mass treatment coverage in Cibeureum showed an increase from 64.49% to 90.62% based on the MDA target, while the coverage mass treatment in Cibingbin was from 80.08% to 89.77%. To maintain and increase the target of MDA filariasis in Kuningan District, training for health cadres by using audio visual media and adequate substance about MDA filariasis is needed to be done regulary. Abstrak Putaran pertama pemberian obat pencegahan massal (POPM) filariasis di Kabupaten Kuningan sebanyak 50% kecamatan belum mencapai target. Kader sebagai perpanjangan tangan petugas kesehatan di masyarakat merupakan salah satu faktor daya ungkit pencapaian target cakupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi gambaran kinerja kader terhadap cakupan pengobatan massal di Kabupaten Kuningan. Lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Cibeureum dan Cibingbin selama 6 bulan pada tahun 2016 menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam pada pemegang program filaria di tingkat puskesmas, rekan kerja sesama kader, dan perangkat desa atau tokoh masyarakat atau tokoh agama dan masyarakat itu sendiri dimana kader bertugas di desa terpilih. Gambaran kinerja kader diperoleh berdasarkan analisis tematik dari fenomena yang muncul. Kinerja kader diukur menurut penanggung jawab kader (lima tematik) dan menurut rekan kerja kader juga masyarakat (empat tematik). Kinerja kader menurut penanggung jawab kader bahwa tematik inisiatif belum muncul untuk wilayah Kecamatan Cibeureum dan Cibingbin, sedangkan tematik dengan kecenderungan menonjol adalah semangat kerja pada kader di Kecamatan Cibeureum, sedangkan penyelesaian tugas yang baik pada kader di Kecamatan Cibingbin. Pengukuran kinerja kader menurut masyarakat yang masih belum muncul adalah pengawasan paska pengobatan baik di dua lokasi Cibereum dan Cibingbin. Berbeda untuk tematik yang kecenderungannya menonjol adalah penemuan kasus di Cibeureum sedangkan di Cibingbin adalah kinerja kader dalam berpartisipasi di program filariasis. Cakupan pengobatan massal filariasis Kecamatan Cibeureum menunjukkan peningkatan dari 64,49% menjadi 90,62% berdasarkan sasaran pengobatan. Sedangkan cakupan pengobatan massal di Kecamatan Cibingbin 80,08% menjadi 89,77%. Untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan target sasaran di Kabupaten Kuningan perlu dilakukan pelatihan kader secara kontinu dengan menggunakan media audio visual dan materi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kader terkait POPM.
Analisis Biaya Tuberkulosis Paru Kategori Satu Pasien Dewasa di Rumah Sakit di DKI Jakarta
No full textIn 2014, new TB sufferers in Indonesia reached 324,579. An analysis of the cost aims to calculate the cost of treatment of adult category I pulmonary TB patient and the results obtained. The study was conducted in 5 District General Hospitals in Jakarta in 2014 with new adult TB patients treated as samples. Patients’ and attendants’ characteristics, the costs incurred, and treatment outcome were collected through in-depth interviews at every visit for 6 months. The results showed that 64,5% of patients are men aged between 18-70 years and 80,6% of patients using the BPJS. The number of visits for 6 months is 10 times in average (ideally 16 times). With a utilization of hospital by 10 times, then the total direct costs amount to Rp1.228.867, the total indirect costs are Rp614.670, and the total costs of the overall TB treatment are Rp1.843.537 with an average of Rp307.256 per month. The largest components of direct costs are the cost of the drug and the largest component of indirect costs are the cost of TB patient’s attendants. Drug compliance (68,9%) and being cured (41,9%) of TB patients treated for 6 months are far from expectations
Efek Antibakteri dari Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Masoyi dan Kayu Manis
No full textEssential oils had been used as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and insecticidal in medicine and industry. Increasing the usage of essential oils as an alternative medication also lead more research of essential oils in vivo and in vitro. Cinnamon with cynamaldehide as a main active substance and masoyi with massoia lacton as a main active substance have antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the activity of masoyi and cinnamon essentials oils combination in E.coli, S.aureus, and P. aeruginosa bacteria. The research encompasses antibacterial activty screening and antibacterial evaluation. The aims of essential oil activity screening using Kirby-Bauer method is to find the optimum concentration of masoyi and cinnamon essentials oils combination. Determination of MIC50, MIC90, and MBC concentration is using microdilution method. Kirby-Bauer test results showed the highest inhibitory concentration that had bactericidal effect to E.coli, S.aureus, and P.aeruginosa were the combination of 5% masoyi and 10% cinnamon.