e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Review Artikel Mengenal Lebih "Dalam" Schistosomiasis Peran Genome Schistosoma japonicum dalam Interaksi Inang dan Parasit
No full textIn this review is described a draft genomic sequence for the worm. The genome provides a global insight into the moleculer architecture and host interaction of this complex metazoan pathogen, revealing that it can exploit host nutrients, neuroendocrine hormones and signalling pathways for growth, development and maturation. having a complex nervous system and a well-developed sensory system, S. japonicum can accept stimulation of the corresponding ligands as a physiological response to different environments, such as fresh water or the tissue of its intermediate and mammalian hosts. Numerous proteases, including cercarial elastase, are implicated in mammalian skin penetration and haemoglobinn degradation. The genomic information will serve as s valuable platform to facilitate development of new intervention for schistosomiasis control
Peranan Anopheles sundaicus sebagai Vektor Penyakit Malaria di Beberapa Daerah Di Indonesia
No full textThe An. sundaicus mosquito nurturing behavior is located in sea, marsh and plainwater. The An. sundaicus (Rodenwaldt) mosquito location spreads all over India, Bangladesh, Burma, Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. Whether in Indonesia it covers throughout Riau, Lampung, West Java, Central Java, Jogjakarta, east Java, Nusa Tenggara Timur and South Sulawesi. Resting places where An. sundaicus mosquito favors are bushes, piles of dry coconut leaves and indoors. Its favor ability towards blood sources are relatives (depending on the situation and condition of its location) since it could bite indoors or outdoors. Nevertheless, according to some publications (literatures), An. sundaicus prefers biting outdoors nocturnally with its peak around 9-12 pm. An. sundaicus', role as a ot a malaria vector in some areas of Indonesia
Virus Dengue: Dasar Molekuler, Mekanisme Masuknya ke dalam Sel Target serta Imunopathogenesis yang Ditimbulkannya
No full textDengue hemorrhagic fever is still one of the major public health problem worldwide, particularly in sub tropical and tropical regions. The disease is caused by the presence of dengue virus infection (DENVa), member of the Flaviviridae family. Dengue virus is composed by three structural proteins (C, M, E) and seven non-structural proteins. Organization of the dengue virus genome is 5'-UTR-C-prM-E-NS1-NS2A-NS2B-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5-UTR-3' (UTR-: untranslated region; C; Capsid; PrM: Precursor membrane; E: Envelope; NS: non-structural). Dengue virus will be able to bind with the hospes cell through two ways, a. Virus bound to the receptors on the cell surface via anti-dengue antibodies that bound to the cell. Onca attached, the virus entry into the cell in to ways, namely endocytosis/pinocytosis, and b. Fusion between the viral envelope with the plasma membrane followed release of the nuclecapsid into the cytoplasm of cells. Dengue virus can causing illness through infecting and killing these cells, or through stimulation of host immune response that will cause the cells to be induced. Pathogenesis studies have also shown that the most patients with DHF are caused by secondary infections. Studies have been conducted in chimpanzees showed that the dengue virus serum titer was higher during secondary infection that during primary infection. During the occurance of secondary infection by a heterologous serotype of dengue virus, antibodies can recognize the virus and bind to form virus-antibody compleexs. The complex will easier enter into the host cell rather than that is encapsuled via mononuclear cells that have Fcy receptors, especially macrofag. In addition, cross-reactive antibodies fail to neutralize the virus, so the virus will replicate in the other free cells. This phenomena is known as antibody dependent enhancement (ADE)
Prevalensi Schistosomiasis Di Tiga Desa Di Kecamatan Lore Barat, Kabupaten Poso, Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah
No full textSchistosomiasis is a parasitic zoonotic disease, In Indonesia schistosomiasis caused bySchistosoma japonicum and was only found in the three endemic areas in the highlands of Central Sulawesi in Lindu valley, Napu and Bada with the snail O.h.lindoensis as intermediate host. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis in residents in the village Kageroa, Lelio, and Tomehipi Lore of Western District, Poso district, Central Sulawesi Province. Data was collected from obsvervation of S.japonicum egg of human feces, cercaria of snails and schistosoma of rat. The result showed that the highest schistosomiasis prevalence in Lelio 8.2%. Tomehipi 6.8% and Kageroa 3.9%. Infection rate of O.h.lindoensis snails was 0%, 1% and 0% the prevalence of schistosomiasis in rat in all villages 0%
Formulasi dan Uji Penetrasi Sediaan Gel Transfersom yang Mengandung Kojyl 3 Amino Propil Fosfat sebagai Pencerah Kulit
No full textKojyl 3 APPA is a compound used for skin lightening. Kojyl 3 APPA has a good solubility in water. This causes the hydrophilic nature kojyl 3 APPA difficult to penetrate through the skin. Transfersom is a carrier system that can improve the effectiveness of drug penetration. This study aims to formulate, characterize and evaluate transfersom preparations containing kojyl 3 APPA. Further more transfersom formulated in a gel formulation. Preparation gel was tested its physical stability and in vitro penetration test against non transfersom kojyl 3 APPA. Transfersom gel formulation is physically proven stable at room temperature, low temperature and high temperature storage. In vitro penetration tests showed that kojyl 3 APPA penetration loaded in transfersom gel was 11,16% while for non transfersom gel 8,02%
Faktor Orang Tua dan Status Imunisasi DPT Anak 12-36 Bulan di Kecamatan Ketapang dan Kecamatan Sokobanah Kabupaten Sampang
No full textImmunization gives a great contribution in improving the Human Development Index related to the life expectancy, because it can avoid undesirable death. The preventive efforts to reducediseases isImmunization.One of them is Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis.The coverage of rural UCI in Sampang in 2012 was 64.52 percent, which was below the target. The objective of this study was to identify factors that influence the people's willingness to do Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus immunization in Sampang, East Java Province.The study was cross-sectionalsurvey.The population were parents who have children aged 12-36 months, with a total sample of 66 respondents in the sub district of Ketapang and Sokobanah. Factors that affect positivelythe behavior of the respondent willingness to immunize DPT were knowledge, attitude and support the family.Low knowledge,poor attitude of communities and lack of family support influenced the behavior of community to contribute immunize DPT for their children.A good knowledge is not enough to increase the readiness to do the immunization, but still need the motivation of the family.ABSTRAKImunisasi memberikan konstribusi besar dalam meningkatkan Human Development Index. Upaya preventif untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan, kecacatan dan kematian akibat beberapa penyakit dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi.Salah satunya adalah imunisasi Difteri Pertusis Tetanus (DPT). Cakupan imunisasi Desa/Kelurahan (UCI) di Kabupaten Sampang pada tahun 2012 hanya 64,52% yang berada dibawah target, dan terdapat kasus difteri sebanyak 38 kasus.Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kesediaan masyarakat untuk diimunisasi Difteri Pertusis Tetanus di Kabupaten Sampang, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah orangtua yang mempunyai anak umur 12–36 bulan di Kecamatan Ketapang dan Sokobanah. Data akan dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor pengetahuan, sikap dan dukungan keluarga terhadap imunisasi berpengaruh positifterhadap perilaku kesediaan responden untuk mengimunisasi DPT. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh negatif terhadap kesediaan responden untuk mengimunisasi DPT adalah sikap yang kurang baik. Perlu pemberian motivasi pada responden baik dari lingkungan keluarga sendiri maupun dari petugas kesehatan agar bersedia memberi imunisasi pada anak Balita mereka, dan memberikan penyuluhan melalui PKK, serta mendorong ibu untuk berperan aktif.
Pengaruh curah hujan, kelembaban, dan temperatur terhadap prevalensi Malaria di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Kalimantan Selatan
No full textAbstract.Malaria is one of communicable disease that still becoming important issue in Indonesia. Tanah Bumbu is one of district in South Kalimantan province with high malaria prevalence. Malaria cases occur nearly every month with significant raise of malaria incidences on May, October to July. This was a descriptive research using secondary data of rainfall, temperature and humidity from Meteorology and Geophysics Board of Banjarbaru and Malaria case of Tanah Bumbu District data within 10 years term. Results showed that rainfall influenced the increase in the density of mosquitoes. The optimum temperature supports an increased density of mosquitoes in the 26,5 to 27 oC. Humidity, temperature, and rainfall optimum support increased incidence of malaria cases seen from the figures. Increased surveilance needs to be done at the end of wet months (February to May). Precautions can be done by observing rainfall, humidity and temperature of the weekly scale.Keyword: climate variability, humidity, malaria, rain fall, temperatureAbstrak.Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah penting di Indonesia. Tanah Bumbu merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Kalimantan Selatan dengan prevalensi malaria yang masih tinggi. Kasus malaria terjadi hampir disetiap bulan, peningkatan signifikan pada bulan Mei, Oktober hingga Juli. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, menggunakan data sekunder berupa data curah hujan, kelembaban, temperatur dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika Banjarbaru, juga data kasus malaria Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu selama kurun waktu 10 tahun. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan mempengaruhi peningkatan kepadatan nyamuk. Temperatur optimum mendukung peningkatan kepadatan nyamuk pada 26,5-27 oC. Kelembababan, temperatur, dan curah hujan optimum mendukung peningkatan kejadian malaria yang terlihat dari angka kasus. Peningkatan surveilan perlu dilakukan pada akhir bulan basah (bulan Februari hingga Mei). Kewaspadaan dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan curah hujan, kelembaban dan suhu skala mingguan.Kata Kunci: variabilitas iklim , kelembaban, curah hujan, malaria, temperatu
