e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Prevalensi dan Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku Masyarakat terhadap Filariasis di Wilayah Kabupaten Morowali, Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah 2009
No full textFilariasis is still a health problem in Morowali District. In 2008 reported 18 cases of chronic health centers spread in 5 who had never don ea mass treatment. This research was conducted to determine the situation and the knowledge, attitude and behaviour community on filariasis.Research conducted in the Village Mohoni and Keuno, District Petasia, starting from the month of August to December 2009, with cross-sectional design. Data situations /events filariasis survey obtained through finger blood in two villages (288 people), but is willing to take blood only 161 people (55.90%) and only two positive people infected with Brugia malayi (mf-rate 1 ,24%) with the density of microfilaria in each patient was 4 mf/20µl and I mf/20 µl of blood, which comes from the village of Mohoni.The results of blood tests three chronic sufferers at chronic 15 cases showed that there were no microfilarias in the blood.While activity with a questionnaire structured interviews conducted in two villages (210people) to assess local knowledge, attitude and behaviour against filariasis, but the willing in the interview only 174 people(52.56%) and the results showed that the bulk of respondents (51.7%) educated under the elementary and his living as farmers (64.9%),low knowledge respondents (50.6%) does not know / have heard of filariasis, 86% who do not know the symptoms and no one knows the cause is a worm filaria. Only 16.3% respondents who mentioned this disease is not contagious.Attitude of most people (51.7%) agreed to avoid the bite of a mosquito bite by being in the house or out of the house by using a shirt and trousers. However, interview results showed the opposite behavior, where 58.5% like to go out at night (get-togethers with neighbors, watching television). Regional research is endemic areas (mf-rate 1.24%) to be considered to be a mass treatment. The attitude of the respondents had a positive enough but not followed by, filariasis same positive behavior; so that continuous extension activities to increase public knowledge, attitude and behaviour at Morowali district needs to do to get community participation. Similarly, to obtain more complete data and ensure necessary microfilariant numbers cooperation with various parties and futher research with larger samples, a more comprehensive study covering vector, periodicity and the possibility of a reservoir host for tackling filariasis in the area
Umur Relatif Nyamuk Anopheles di Desa Rejeki Kecamatan Palolo, Kabupaten Sigi, Sulawesi Tengah
No full textThe longevity of the mosquito is one of factors that determines a species becomes as malaria vector. The research was conducted to determine the longevity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Rejeki Village, Palolo District, Sigi Regency with a cross-sectional design. The longevity was estimated by using parity proportion. The results showed that longevity of An. nigerrimus was 20,96 days, An. barbirostris was 11,64 days, An. indefinitus was 7,02 days and An. tesselatus was 5,32 days. From the results can be concluded that the longevity of An. barbirostris and An. nigerrimus is eligible to be malaria vector in Rejeki Village and needs to be confirmed by ELISA test furthermore
Density and Biting Activity Vector of Malaria in Labuan and Sindue Subdistrict Donggala District Central Sulawesi
No full textOne of the factors that play a role in malaria control efforts is an understanding of the behavior of malaria vectors that differ from one species to the another. The objectives of this study to determine the density and activity of malaria vectors in the District ofLabuan and Sindue.This research is a descriptive observational study. Data collected by catching adult mosquito bait by people inside and outside the home and also catching mosquitoes resting on walls and around cattle.Of the 12 species of Anopheles captured, there are 3 species of malaria vectors in Central Sulawesi, namely An. barbirostris, An. nigerrimus, and An. falvirostris. Density of An. barbirostris by indoor and outdoor collection is 0.19 per man/hour and 0.63 per man/hour with the peak biting inside and outside the home that is at 9.00 p.m. to 3:00 a.m. and 23:00 to 03:00 hours. Density of An. nigerrimus inside and outside the home is 06.00 adn 0.03 with the peak biting respectively are at 22:00 to 23:00 and 20:00 to 21:00 hours. Density of An. flavirostris by indoor and outdoor collection are 0.53 and 0.44 with the peak biting are at 21:00 to 22:00 and 23:00 to 01:00 hours indoor and outdoor respectively.
Status Resistensi Anopheles barbirostris Terhadap Permethrin 0,75% Desa Wawosangula, Kecamatan Puriala, Kabupaten Konawe, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
No full textThe insecticide permethrin is a compound or class of Pyrethroids (sp) known as synthetic pyrethroids that works disrupt the nervous system. SP Group is widely used in the control of insect vectors for adults (space spraying and IRS) nets, bags or insectiside Treated Net (ITN) or Long Lasting insecticidal net (LLINs) and various formulations insectisides households. The survey aimed to find differences in the number of deaths of Anopheles barbirostris according permethrin dose and duration of contact. The method used was the susceptibility Test. Samples numbered 125 An. barbirostris mosquitoes which consists of 100 for the test group and 25 for the control group are derived from the same population. Samples obtained through the capture of mosquitoes in cages near the houses in the village Wawosangula Puriala, Konawe. The results showed vulnerability or susceptibility where death mosquitoes to test 100% at a dose of 0.75% permethrin. Although test results show the vulnerability and the test material can still be used but it is expected, in the spraying of field variation of dose and increase the duration of contact between mosquitoes with insecticide are made permethrin active, such as closing windows and doors shut to increase mortality malaria mosquitoes.Insektisida permethrin adalah senyawa atau insektisida dari golongan Piretroid (sp) yang dikenal sebagai synthetic pyretroid yang bekerja menganggu system syaraf. Golongan SP banyak digunakan dalam pengendalian vektor untuk serangga dewasa (space spraying dan IRS) kelambu celup atau Insectiside Treated Net (ITN) atau Long Lasting Insectisidal Net (LLINs) dan berbagai formulasi insketisida rumah tangga. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah kematian nyamuk Anopheles barbirostris menurut dosis permethrin dan lama kontak. Metode yang digunakan adalah The susceptibility Test. Sampel berjumlah 125 ekor nyamuk An. barbirostris yang terdiri dari 100 ekor nyamuk untuk kelompok uji dan 25 ekor nyamuk untuk kelompok kontrol yang berasal dari populasi yang sama. Sampel didapatkan melalui penangkapan nyamuk di kandang dekat rumah penduduk di Desa Wawosangula, Kecamatan Puriala, Kabupaten Konawe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kerentanan atau susceptible dimana kematian nyamuk uji 100% untuk Permethrin dengan dosis 0,75%. Walaupun hasil pengujian menunjukkan kerentanan dan bahan uji masih dapat digunakan namun diharapkan, dalam penyemprotan di lapangan dilakukan variasi dosis dan meningkatkan lama kontak antara nyamuk dengan insektisida yang berbahan aktif permethrin, seperti menutup jendela dan pintu dengan rapat untuk meningkatkan kematian nyamuk.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Tranmission Risk Level on Three Local Health Center in Three Endemic District in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
No full textAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat risiko penularan DBD di wilayah endemis DBD di Kabupaten Bone, Kota Palopo dan Kota Makassar Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan Bulan Mei-Juni 2015 pada rumah tangga secara sistematik sampling sebanyak 100 rumah pada setiap wilayah kerja puskesmas endemis DBD tertinggi di Kab. Bone (Watampone), Kota Palopo (Wara) dan Kota Makassar (Mangasa) Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Data dianalisis untuk menunjukkan indikator surveilans larva (HI, CI, dan BI) dan density figure. Data disajikan dengan jumlah larva berdasarkan jenis kontainer, persentase dan distribusi kontainer. Nilai ABJ ketiga puskesmas termasuk rendah Watampone: 53%, Wara: 54%, Mangasa: 68%. Persentase CI (angka container) larva tertinggi adalah Puskesmas Watampone (17, 78%), selanjutnya Wara (17,71%) dan Mangasa (15,47%). Berdasarkan perhitungan HI, CI dan BI, density figure dari ketiga kabupaten pada kategori sedang hingga tinggi dan Maya index menunjukkan tingkat risiko penularan DBD sedang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Density figure pada kontainer rumah tangga yang diperiksa sedang hingga tinggi. Kampanye pencegahan DBD yang kuat, deteksi kasus dari rumah ke rumah dan upaya persuasif yang mengedukasi mengenai hal ini penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat agar ikut berpartisipasi dan lebih waspada terhadap DBD.Kata Kunci: DBD, larva, Aedes aegypti, kontainer, Maya IndeksAbstract. The aim of this research is to determine of transmission risk level of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) endemic area in District of Bone, Municipal of Palopo, and Municipal of Makassar, South Sulawesi province. Study held in May-June 2015 to 100 households by systematically sampling method in three highest local healthcare center work area in each endemic in District of Bone (Watampone), Municipal of Palopo (Wara), and Municipal of Makassar (Mangasa), South Sulawesi Province. Data analyzed to show the indicators of DHF surveillance (House Index, Container Index, and Breteau Index) and density figure. Data served with the number of larva in each inspected container, percentage and distribution of containers. Larval free house indices values of three local healthcare center were Watampone: 53%, Wara: 54%, and Mangasa: 68%. The highest container indices values were local healthcare center of Watampone (17.78%), Wara (17.71%) and Mangasa (15.47%) respectively. According to HI, CI and BI, density figure calculation, the study areas were categorized as moderate to high risk to DHF and the Maya index indicate the moderate risk to DHF transmission. Density figure of household water containers were moderate to high. Stronger campaign, door to door case detection and educating persuasive efforts concerning DHF case is important to be done in order to awaken the community awareness including stake holder to contribute to solve on DHF problem.Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, larva, Aedes aegypti, container, Maya index
Status Kerentanan Larva Aedes aegypti terhadap Temefos (Organofosfat) di Tiga Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Aceh
No full textAbstract. Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence rate in Aceh Province for the past three years 2012-2014 were fluctuated from 51‰, 29 ‰ and 45 ‰. The most widely used larvacide to control larvae Ae. aegypti is temefos, in Indonesia 1% temefos (abate 1SG) started used in 1976, and since 1980 has been used for the eradication program of Ae. aegypti larvae. The intensive use of temefos will be not a problem until population were dominated by resistant individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of susceptibility of Ae. aegypti larvae against temefos in three dengue fever endemic areas in Aceh. We conducted an observational study to examine the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti population in 3 districts of Aceh Province: Banda Aceh, Lhokseumawe and Aceh Besar. Entomological survey and larval collection was assigned. Larvae then reared in laboratory until third generation. Third and early fourth instars stage of Ae. aegypti larvae were used as test samples. Susceptibility test was undergo based on World Health Organization guidelines. Results shows that larva Ae. aegypti from Banda Aceh (100%) and Lhokseumawe (99%) districts was still susceptible, while Aceh Besar (97%) indicates tolerance to temefos 0,02%. In conclusion, temefos still effective to be used as larvicide for vector control in those three endemic of dengue fever in Aceh Province. The priority vector control program that can be suggested is put mosquito breeding place eradication called PSN as a proactive movement in community.Keywords: Aedes aegypti, temefos, susceptibility, insecticide, AcehAbstrak. Angka insidensi demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Provinsi Aceh tahun 2012-2014 berturut turut 51‰ menurun 29 ‰ dan meningkat kembali 45 ‰. Penggunaan larvasida temefos 1% (abate ISG) untuk mengendalikan larva Aedes aegypti sudah digunakan oleh program sejak 1976. Penggunaan larvasida tidak akan menjadi masalah sampai suatu populasi didominasi oleh individu-individu yang resisten. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan status kerentanan larva Ae. aegypti terhadap temefos di tiga kabupaten/kota endemis DBD di Provinsi Aceh. Penelitian observasional ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama bulan Mei-Juni 2015 dengan lokasi penelitian di tiga Kabupaten/Kota yang tersebar di Provinsi Aceh, yaitu Kota Lhokseumawe, Banda Aceh dan Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Survei larva Ae. aegypti dilakukan pada 100 rumah terpilih di setiap kab/kota dengan pengamatan pada kontainer yang dapat menampung air di dalam dan luar rumah. Larva Ae. aegypti yang diperoleh kemudian dipelihara sehingga didapatkan nyamuk generasi ketiga. Spesimen uji yang digunakan adalah larva instar III dan atau IV awal berdasarkan metodologi WHO. Hasil uji terhadap temefos 0,02 ppm menunjukkan bahwa larva Ae. aegypti dari semua wilayah yang diteliti Kota Lhokseumawe (100%) dan Banda Aceh (99%) masih rentan kecuali di Kabupaten Aceh Besar (97%) sudah toleran terhadap insektisida tersebut. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah temefos masih layak digunakan sebagai larvasida dalam pengendalian vektor di tiga kabupaten/kota endemis DBD di Provinsi Aceh. Upaya pengendalian yang lebih utama diterapkan adalah Gerakan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) sebagai gerakan proaktif di masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Aedes aegypti, kerentanan, insektisida, temefos, Ace
Hubungan Antara HbA1c Dengan LDL-K dan Albuminuria pada Penderita DM dengan Riwayat Komplikasi Jantung Koroner
No full textThe prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) globally is elevated continually. Poor blood glucose control to diabetes patients caused both macrovascular complications (ex.coronary heart disease/CHD) and microvascular complications (ex.nephropathy). Blood glucose controlled is need to be done in every 3 months regularly using HbA1C as a diabetic parameter, regarding to the high risk mortality of the complications. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is dyslipidemia characteristics and LDL-C is a lipoprotein proatherogenic. Albuminuria test is also needed as an early marker of micro and macrovascular disorders, which reflects the general process of endothelial damages (vascular dysfunction).The aim of this study is to prove any relationship between HbA1C levels with LDL-C and albuminuria levels in diabetic patients with history of coronary heart complications.This study is performed an analytical observational study with cross sectional approach. Thirty diabetic patients with any history of CHD complications were enrolled, then laboratory analysis of HbA1C by ion exchange HPLC, LDL-C levels were using colorimetric enzymatic method and albuminuria test with the photometric method. Differences between variables were analyzed using by Spearman correlation-testHbA1C levels in 10 patients (33,3 %) are <7% and in 19 patients are ≥ 7% (66,7 % ). LDL-C (<100mg/dl) in 13 patients (43,3%), LDL-C (≥100mg/dl) in 17 patients (56,7%), Normoalbuminuria (< 20 mg/L ) in 11 patients (36.7%), albuminuria (≥20 mg/L) in 19 patients (63,3%).There is a moderate positive relationship between HbA1C and LDL-C levels (r=0.385, p=0.014) and a positive strong relationship between HbA1C and albuminuria levels (r=0.52, p=0.004).Conclusions: The higher HbA1C levels, the higher LDL-C and albuminuria levels would be
Aedes sp, si Nyamuk Kosmopolitan
No full textSalah satu fakta yang ditemukan di alam adalah bahwa hewan dan tumbuhan yang berbeda akan hidup di daerah yang berbeda pula. Demikian pula dengan nyamuk, tadinya penyebarannya hanya terbatas pada daerah geografi tertentu (endemisme). Namun aktivitas manusia sangat berperan terhadap meluasnya penyebaran spesies-spesies tertentu. Hingga keberadaan spesies tersebut terdapat di berbagai belahan dunia atau sering diistilahkan sebagai kosmopolitan. Aedes adalah genus nyamuk yang awalnya ditemukan di daerah tropis, tapi telah menyebar hingga ke semua benua kecuali Antartika. Genus ini dinamai oleh Johann Wilhelm Meigen pada tahun 1818. Berasal dari bahasa Yunani, kata Aedes berarti "tidak menyenangkan" atau "najis". Disebut demikian dikarenakan banyaknya penyakit yang ditransmisikan lewat nyamuk ini, seperti demam berdarah dan demam kuning.1 Aedes aegypti berasal dari Afrika dan Aedes albopictus dari Asia Tenggara.2 Keduanya mendapat keuntungan dari perkembangan perdagangan yang tersebar di seluruh daerah tropis dari daerah asal mereka. Hingga kini vector Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus tersebar luas di dunia, mencakup lebih dari dua pertiga luas dunia